Essentials Of Organizational Behavior 13th Edition

Members of successful teams put a tremendous amount of time and effort into discussing, shaping, and agreeing on ________ which then provides direction and guidance under any and all conditions. A) the level of individual contribution B) allocation of resources C) a common purpose D) allocation of roles E) developing team efficacy Answer: CExplanation: C) Members

Men generally express anger more frequently than do women. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Anger is the one exceptional emotion that men express more frequently than women. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Anger is the one exceptional emotion that men express more frequently than women. Answer: TRUE Explanation: Anger is the one exceptional emotion that men express more frequently than

Expert power develops out of admiration of another and a desire to be like that person. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Referent power develops out of admiration of another and a desire to be like that person. Expert power is influence wielded as a result of expertise, special skill, or knowledge. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Referent power

Although diversity does present many opportunities for organizations, effective diversity management means also working to eliminate ________. A) surface-level diversity B) unfair discrimination C) ethnic diversity D) irrelevant biographical characteristics E) discrepancies in employee performance Answer: BExplanation: B) Although diversity does present many opportunities for organizations, effective diversity management also means working to eliminate unfair discrimination.

In innovative organizations, interunit communication tends to be low. Answer: FALSEExplanation: In innovative organizations, interunit communication tends to be high. These organizations are high users of committees, task forces, cross-functional teams, and other mechanisms that facilitate interaction across departmental lines. Answer: FALSEExplanation: In innovative organizations, interunit communication tends to be high. These

Alton, a mid-level manager for Knockaround Clothing in charge of monthly inventory, often participates in quarterly meetings of the Cherokee Nation in Tahlequah, Oklahoma. Alton's supervisors' allowing him flex time to attend these meetings embraces Alton's ________. A) religion B) cultural identity C) abilities D) ethnicity E) tenure Answer: DExplanation: D) Ethnicity often extends beyond race

The potential for conflict increases when too much communication takes place. Answer: TRUEExplanation: The potential for conflict increases when either too little or too much communication takes place. Apparently, an increase in communication is functional up to apoint, after which it is possible to overcommunicate, with a resultant increase in the

________ bargaining is negotiation that seeks to divide a "fixed pie." A) Distributive B) Integrative C) Reflective D) Affective E) Conjunctive Answer: AExplanation: A) The essence of distributive bargaining is negotiating over who gets what share of a fixed pie. Fixed pie refers to a set amount of goods or services to be divvied up. When

Ned is particularly adept at designing and creating new fashions. In which of the following would Ned have the highest level of task identity? A) doing alterations at the dry cleaners B) creating custom bridal gowns in a bridal store C) creating custom gowns and suits for a pageant store D) working as a

Martin Luther King, Ronald Reagan, Mary Kay Ash, and Steve Jobs are often considered as examples of ________ leaders. A) transactional B) transformational C) sanctioned D) nonsanctioned E) charismatic Answer: EExplanation: E) All of the examples are people who have/had a great deal of charisma which set them apart from the masses. Answer: EExplanation: E) All of

With reference to the Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Cultures, ________ emphasizes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them. A) uncertainty avoidance B) long-term orientation C) masculinity D) collectivism E) power distance Answer: DExplanation: D) Collectivism emphasizes a tight social

Theory Y ________. A) advocates job sharing B) if implemented, reduces intrinsic employee motivation C) encourages telecommuting D) encourages fixed pay structure E) is consistent with participative management Answer: EExplanation: E) Theory Y is consistent with participative management. Answer: EExplanation: E) Theory Y is consistent with participative management. Answer: E Explanation: E) Theory Y is consistent with participative management. According

According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are visionaries. They usually have original minds and great drive for their own ideas and purposes. They are skeptical, critical, independent, determined, and often stubborn. A) ESTJ B) INTJ C) ENTP D) ISTJ E) ESFP Answer: BExplanation: B) According to the Myers-Briggs

The values that convey an organization's culture and are widely accepted throughout the organization are known as ________. A) foundational values B) core values C) shared values D) institutional values E) unique values Answer: BExplanation: B) The dominant culture includes the core values, the primary or dominant values that are accepted throughout the organization. Answer: BExplanation: B) The

What is the first step in the rational decision-making model? A) developing alternatives B) defining the problem C) identifying the decision criteria D) weighing the decision criteria E) collecting relevant data Answer: BExplanation: B) The rational decision-making model follows a six-step process. The steps are: 1) Define the problem; 2) Identify the decision criteria; 3) Allocate

All managers are leaders. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Even if an organization provides its managers with certain formal rights, there is no guarantee that they will become effective leaders. In many cases, leaders emerge from within a group and not necessarily by formal appointment. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Even if an organization provides its managers with

Your colleagues at work are constantly talking about the vice-president in your region. He is perceived throughout the organization as a ruthless man who is not to be antagonized. It is necessary for you to bring him a report, and you are very nervous about having to deal with him.

Research on employee stock ownership plans indicates that they ________. A) increase employee satisfaction B) decrease company profits C) reduce stress experienced by employees D) decrease productivity of employees E) increase employee turnover Answer: AExplanation: A) Research on ESOPs indicates they increase employee satisfaction. ESOPs have the potential to increase employee job satisfaction and work motivation

Workforce diversity means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of all of the following except ________. A) age B) gender C) domestic partners D) socio-economic status E) religion Answer: DExplanation: D) Gender, race, national origin, age, disability, domestic partners, and religion are the major workforce diversity categories. Answer: DExplanation: D) Gender, race, national origin, age,

People who are ________ are less likely to be able to ________ their emotions. A) narcissistic; suppress B) neurotic; control C) happy; control D) sad; suppress E) confident; change Answer: BExplanation: B) Individuals who score high in the category of neurotic often find their moods beyond their control. Answer: BExplanation: B) Individuals who score high in the

Determining the ethically correct way to behave is especially difficult in a global economy because different cultures have different perspectives on certain ethical issues. Answer: TRUEExplanation: What constitutes good ethical behavior has never been clearly defined, and, in recent years, the line differentiating right from wrong has blurred. Determining the ethically

Organizational commitment is a more global response to the organization than is job satisfaction. Answer: TRUEExplanation: In organizational commitment, an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to remain a member. Answer: TRUEExplanation: In organizational commitment, an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes

According to McClelland's theory of needs, when jobs have a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback and an intermediate degree of risk, high achievers are strongly motivated. Answer: TRUEExplanation: According to McClelland's theory of needs, when jobs have a high degree of personal responsibility and feedback and an intermediate degree

In an example, a local church is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life. Mary is a 23-year-old single parent who earns the minimum wage. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, and works because he enjoys it. Jane is a

Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive bargaining? A) win-win solution B) long-term focus C) good interpersonal relationships D) opposed interests E) high information sharing Answer: DExplanation: D) In distributive bargaining, the interests of the parties are opposed. Win-win solution, long-term focus, good interpersonal relationships, and high information sharing are characteristics of integrative bargaining. Answer:

Larry can assign Oliver work activities that Oliver finds unpleasant. Larry possesses ________ power over Oliver. A) reward B) expert C) legitimate D) coercive E) referent Answer: DExplanation: D) The coercive power base depends on fear of the negative results from failing to comply. If A can assign B work activities B finds unpleasant or treat

A boundaryless organization tries to flatten the hierarchy and minimizes status and rank. Answer: TRUEExplanation: A boundaryless organization attempts to eliminate vertical and horizontal boundaries within it and break down external barriers between the company and its customers and suppliers. By removing vertical boundaries, management flattens the hierarchy and minimizes status

________ suggests that attributes such as age or the date of joining should help us predict turnover. A) Employee mobility B) Organizational demography C) Residential mobility D) Demographic environment E) Population dynamics Answer: BExplanation: B) The degree to which members of a work unit (group, team, or department)share a common demographic attribute, such as age, sex,

Martha claims that she has been assigned marginal job roles or light workloads that do not lead to promotion. Which of the following terms accurately explains the type of discrimination she has been subjected to? A) intimidation B) sexual harassment C) exclusion D) inclusion E) insult Answer: CExplanation: C) Exclusion is a type of discrimination whereby,

Ethical dilemmas are situations in which employees are required to identify right and wrong conduct. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Increasingly, employees are facing ethical dilemmas and ethical choices, in which they are required to identify right and wrong conduct. Managers must create an ethically healthy climate for employees, where they can do their

People are usually forced to think more thoroughly about what they want to convey in a spoken message than in a written one. Answer: FALSEExplanation: People are usually forced to think more thoroughly about what they want to convey in a written message than in a spoken one. Answer: FALSEExplanation: People are usually

Which of the following is not one of the five factors included in the Big Five Model? A) agreeableness B) conscientiousness C) intuitiveness D) emotional stability E) extraversion Answer: CExplanation: C) The big five personality factors are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience. Intuitiveness is not a factor. Answer: CExplanation: C) The big five personality

Tammy, Lisa, Bart, Madaline, and Roberto all work at Frink Electronics. After work, Tammy, Lisa, and Madaline all enjoy going to the Lux Lounge for Happy Hour. Tammy, Lisa, Bart, Madaline, and Roberto constitute a(n) ________ group. A) task B) formal C) informal D) performance E) action Answer: BExplanation: B) These five individuals are placed into

Which of the following statements is not an example of stereotyping? A) There is no need to offer child care to him; men aren't interested in child care. B) Don't hire an older worker; they can't learn new skills. C) She was good at her last job, so she will be good at

________ results in a level of performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs. A) Synergy B) Positive affect C) Emotional labor D) Cognitive dissonance E) Emotional dissonance Answer: AExplanation: A) A work team generates positive synergy through coordinated effort. The individual efforts result in a level of performance greater than the sum of

The more management relies on formal, collective, sequential, fixed, and serial socialization programs and emphasizes divestiture, the more likely newcomers' differences will be stripped away and replaced by standardized predictable behaviors. Answer: TRUEExplanation: The more management relies on formal, collective, sequential, fixed, and serial socialization programs and emphasizes divestiture, the more

Which of the following is an organizational development technique that involves an outsider assisting a manager to identify what to improve and how? A) action research B) intergroup development C) appreciative inquiry D) process consultation E) social reinforcement Answer: DExplanation: D) Managers often sense their unit's performance can be improved but are unable to identify what

Which of the following is most likely to increase team efficacy? A) providing measurable goals B) helping the team achieve small successes C) improving the reflexivity of the team D) ensuring that team goals are challenging E) reducing the number of members on a team Answer: BExplanation: B) Efficacy means that a team believes it can

Those who spend extensive periods of time in other cultures generate more innovative solutions to problems. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Exposure to a variety of cultures can also improve creativity. Those who spend extensive periods of time in other cultures generate more innovative solutions to problems. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Exposure to a variety of cultures

OB concepts must reflect contingency conditions for all of the following reasons except ________. A) human beings are complex B) our predictions and assumptions are almost accurate all the time C) one person's behavior changes in different situations D) we are limited in our ability to make sweeping generalizations E) two people often act very differently

The concept of socialized charismatic leadership seeks to integrate charismatic leadership with ________ leadership. A) transformational B) production-oriented C) relational D) ethical E) transactional Answer: DExplanation: D) Scholars have tried to integrate ethical and charismatic leadership by advancing the idea of socialized charismatic leadership-leadership that conveys other-centered (not self-centered) values by leaders who model ethical conduct.

Which of the following questions can aid in determining if someone is engaged in unethical politicking? A) What would be the point of politicking? B) Would politicking be worth the risk to the person? C) How are others being affected by this alleged politicking? D) Both A and B E) Both A and C Answer: DExplanation:

You are interested in explaining the different types of organizational designs to students of basic management. These students need to know the advantages and disadvantages of each structure as well as the structure's characteristics. You extol the virtues and benefits of standardization. You are probably promoting the ________. A) matrix structure B) virtual

In structural terms, the virtual organization is highly centralized, with little or no departmentalization. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Virtual organizations are typically a small, core organization that outsources major business functions. In structural terms, the virtual organization is highly centralized, with little or no departmentalization. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Virtual organizations are typically a small, core

Early research efforts at isolating leadership traits resulted in a number of dead ends. A breakthrough, of sorts, came when researchers began ________. A) organizing traits around the Big Five personality framework B) using the Keirsey Temperament Sorter C) using Cattell's 16 personality factors D) focusing on Eysenck's three factor model E) considering the Revised

A strong culture creates an internal climate of high behavioral control. Answer: TRUEExplanation: In a strong culture, the organization's core values are both intensely held and widely shared. The high degree of sharedness and intensity creates an internal climate of high behavioral control. Answer: TRUEExplanation: In a strong culture, the organization's core

With reference to the four ways of increasing self-efficacy as proposed by Albert Bandura, verbal persuasion involves becoming more confident ________. A) because you gain relevant experience with the task or job B) because you see someone else doing the task C) because someone convinces you that you have the skills necessary to

People who carefully gather and consider information consistent with the rational decision-making model are more likely to engage in escalation of commitment than those who spend less time thinking about their choices. Answer: TRUEExplanation: People who carefully gather and consider information consistent with the rational decision-making model are more likely to

Iris is a new employee at Schmitt Enterprises, a company which specializes in the production and sale of personal protection items. Joe has been an employee at the company for close to two years, and has done well to move up in the company in regards to his sales as

You are more likely to notice cars like your own due to ________. A) stereotyping B) self-serving bias C) selective perception D) halo effect E) contrast effect Answer: CExplanation: C) Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see; we can take in only certain stimuli, and because we can't observe everything going on

Extent flexibility and dynamic flexibility are dimensions of intellectual abilities. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Physical abilities are made up of nine basic abilities needed in the performance of physical tasks. Extent flexibility and dynamic flexibility are flexibility factors forming part of physical abilities. Extent flexibility refers to the ability to move the trunk

Unlike power, leadership requires a significant degree of goal compatibility. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Power does not require goal compatibility, merely dependence. Leadership, on the other hand, requires some congruence between the goals of the leader and those being led. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Power does not require goal compatibility, merely dependence. Leadership, on the other

OB researchers cannot offer reasonably accurate explanations of human behavior since people act very differently in similar situations. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Two people often act very differently in the same situation, and the same person's behavior changes in different situations. That doesn't mean that we can't offer reasonably accurate explanations of human

What is the main strength of job rotation? A) It eliminates management involvement. B) It increases motivation. C) It increases productivity. D) It decreases training costs. E) It decreases supervisor work load. Answer: BExplanation: B) The strengths of job rotation are that it reduces boredom, increases motivation, and helps employees better understand how their work contributes

Which of the following would not be considered a service employee? A) Fast food counter worker B) Sales clerk C) Police officer D) Automobile repair technician E) Financial planner Answer: CExplanation: C) Service employees are those who have considerable interaction with an organizations culture. Police officers are not serving a particular organization nor are thosewith whom

A(n) ________ organization is an organization that takes on a life of its own, apart from its founders or members and is valued for itself and not for the goods or services it produces. A) virtual B) matrix C) boundaryless D) institutionalized E) centralized Answer: DExplanation: D) An institutionalized organization is an organization that takes on a

Most of us follow our doctor's advice because our doctor has ________ power. A) legitimate B) reward C) referent D) expert E) coercive Answer: DExplanation: D) Expert power is influence wielded as a result of expertise, special skill, or knowledge. As jobs become more specialized, we become increasingly dependent on experts to achieve goals. It is

We use a number of shortcuts when we judge others. All of the following are shortcuts that we use to judge others except ________. A) stereotyping B) the halo effect C) the contrast effect D) the self-serving bias E) selective perception Answer: DExplanation: D) Self-serving bias, the tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to

Which of the following statements is true regarding self-managed work teams? A) Self-managed work teams typically consist of forty to fifty employees. B) Self-managed work teams typically manage conflicts well. C) Members of self-managed work teams typically report lower job satisfaction. D) Self-managed work teams are typically composed of employees from different departments who

Which of the following is a type of discrimination that cannot be monitored or observed and may occur simply because the actor is not aware of the effects of their actions? A) randomization B) inclusion C) company policy D) exclusion E) sexual harassment Answer: DExplanation: D) Some forms, like exclusion or incivility, are especially hard to root

A manager should practice ________, which means in dealing with cross-cultural communication, a manager should put herself in the place of the employee to understand the employees values, experiences and frames of reference. A) evaluation B) empathy C) complicity D) commiseration E) apathy Answer: BExplanation: B) A manager should practice empathy, which means seeing things from

Which of the following is not indicative of situational strength? A) clarity B) consistency C) constraints D) comprehension E) consequences Answer: DExplanation: D) Comprehension may be an overreaching idea but it is not one of the four elements of situational strength. Answer: DExplanation: D) Comprehension may be an overreaching idea but it is not one of the

Task conflicts are almost always dysfunctional. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Relationship conflicts are almost always dysfunctional. On teams performing nonroutine activities, disagreements among members about task content (called task conflicts) stimulate discussion, promote critical assessment of problems and options, and can lead to better team decisions. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Relationship conflicts are almost always dysfunctional.

People who carefully gather and consider information consistent with the rational decision-making model are more likely to engage in which of the following decision-making errors? A) escalation of commitment B) randomness error C) availability bias D) performance evaluation E) reward systems Answer: AExplanation: A) Escalation of commitment refers to staying with a decision even when there

The grapevine is perceived by most employees as being more believable and reliable than formal communiqus issued by management. Answer: TRUEExplanation: The informal communication network in a group or organization is called the grapevine. A survey found it's where 75 percent of employees hear about matters first. Most employees perceive it

People in individualistic countries tend to see power in social terms and as a legitimate means of helping others. Answer: FALSEExplanation: People in different countries prefer different power tactics. Those from individualistic countries tend to see power in personalized terms and as a legitimate means of advancing their personal ends, whereas

Work specialization contributes to higher employee productivity-but at the price of ________. A) reduced economies of scale B) increased cost C) reduced job satisfaction D) restricted flow of information E) increased complexity Answer: CExplanation: C) Evidence indicates that work specialization contributes to higher employee productivity-but at the price of reduced job satisfaction. Answer: CExplanation: C) Evidence indicates

Which of the following statements is true regarding innovative organization? A) Organic structures negatively influence innovation. B) Interunit communication is low in innovative organizations. C) Short tenure in management is associated with innovation. D) Innovation is nurtured when there is an abundance of resources. E) Innovative organizations reward both successes and failures. Answer: EExplanation: E) Organic

In regards to job engagement, having a good manager they enjoy working for and ________ were found to be the top causations. A) feeling appreciated by one's supervisor B) being paid what they feel they are worth C) getting timely promotions D) socializing with one's coworkers E) having flexible work schedules Answer: AExplanation: A) Feeling appreciated

Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Motivation is defined as the processes

Joanna watches her friend Sharon slim down. This increases her confidence that she can lose weight too. Which of the following ways of increasing self-efficacy is represented by this example? A) enactive mastery B) vicarious modeling C) arousal D) verbal persuasion E) focused training Answer: BExplanation: B) Vicarious modeling involves becoming more confident because you see someone

Deep acting is hiding inner feelings by modifying facial expressions. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Deep acting is trying to modify one's true inner feelings based on display rules. For example, a nurse who tries to empathize more with her patients is deep acting. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Deep acting is trying to modify one's true inner

Which of the following is not a component of comprehensive workforce programs encouraging diversity? A) encouraging their employees to learn foreign languages and culture to promote and attract a diverse workforce B) encouraging fair treatment of all people regardless of their demographic characteristics C) fostering personal development practices that bring out the skills

Which of the following types of power can be categorized as personal power? A) coercive B) legitimate C) reward D) referent E) positional Answer: DExplanation: D) Personal power comes from an individual's unique characteristics. There are two bases of personal power: expert power and referent power. Answer: DExplanation: D) Personal power comes from an individual's unique characteristics.

Legitimate power is influence wielded as a result of expertise, special skill, or knowledge. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Legitimate power represents the formal authority to control and use organizational resources based on structural position in the organization. Expert power is influence wielded as a result of expertise, special skill, or knowledge. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Legitimate

Steve is unhappy with his job. He takes every possible vacation and sick day and sometimes shows up late for work. He is expressing his dissatisfaction through ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) social voice E) neglect Answer: EExplanation: E) The neglect response passively allows conditions to worsen and includes chronic absenteeism or lateness,

Inability to change in accordance with the market trends can cause organizations to go bankrupt. Answer: TRUEExplanation: No company today is in a particularly stable environment. Even those with dominant market share must change, sometimes radically. Thus, "Change or die!" is the rallying cry among today's managers worldwide. Almost every organization

Group decisions are generally less accurate than the judgments of the most accurate individual in the group. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Group decisions are generally more accurate than the decisions of the average individual in a group but less accurate than the judgments of the most accurate. Answer: TRUEExplanation: Group decisions are generally more

If there is a basic conflict between the individual's expectations and the reality of working in an organization, the employee is most likely to be disillusioned and quit during the ________ stage of socialization. A) prearrival B) post-arrival C) encounter D) metamorphosis E) post-encounter Answer: CExplanation: C) On entry into the organization, the new member enters

Which of the following steps in the Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change represents the "movement" stage in the Lewin's three-step model? A) Establish a sense of urgency by creating a compelling reason for why change is needed. B) Plan for, create, and reward short-term "wins" that move the organization toward the

Fran has just completed and scored the LPC questionnaire given to her during an evaluation exercise. She is surprised when she finds out that she described her least preferred co-worker in relatively positive terms because she recalls being particularly annoyed by this difficult co-worker several times in the past. Based

High-status members of groups are often given less freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members. Answer: FALSEExplanation: High-status individuals are often given more freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members. As high-status individuals, they're given a wider range of discretion as long as their activities aren't