People who carefully gather and consider information consistent with the rational
decision-making model are more likely to engage in escalation of commitment than
those who spend less time thinking about their choices.
The Fiedler contingency model proposes that effective group performance depends
upon the proper match between a leader’s style and the degree to which a situation gives
control to the leader.
Filtering is most likely to occur in organizations in which there are many vertical levels.
The organizational design of simple structure is highly risky.
According to the University of Michigan studies, production-oriented leadership is
defined as the extent to which a leader tends to emphasize the technical or task aspects
of the job.
Skill-based pay encourages employees to concentrate on one or two highly desirable
skills.
Which one of the following is not listed as a tactic for dealing with resistance to
change?
A) acceleration
B) manipulation
C) participation
D) cooptation
E) education
While setting pay levels initially, an organization has to balance internal equity and
external equity. Here external equity indicates ________.
A) the amount of growth opportunities the job provides to the employee
B) the worth of the job to the employee
C) the worth of the job to the organization
D) competitiveness of an organization’s pay relative to pay elsewhere in its industry
E) the amount of job satisfaction the job provides to the employee
You are likely to select nominal group technique over brainstorming because ________.
A) nominal group technique involves a great deal of face-to-face interaction
B) brainstorming encourages severe criticism to all ideas
C) research generally shows nominal groups outperform brainstorming groups
D) brainstorming decreases group cohesiveness
E) during brainstorming sessions, group members feel high pressure for conformity
Which of the following is most likely to result from a strong organizational culture?
A) low employee turnover
B) low employee satisfaction
C) low organizational commitment
D) low agreement about what the organization represents
E) low behavioral control resulting from the climate within the organization
According to the two-factor theory, which of the following factors is most likely to
create job satisfaction?
A) improving working conditions
B) assuring job security
C) appreciating a job well done
D) improving the quality of supervision
E) changing company policies
John writes a memo to his employees. Putting his thoughts onto paper is an example of
________.
A) encoding
B) decoding
C) transferring
D) channeling
E) editing
The three criteria for making ethical decisions are ________.
A) utilitarianism, creativity, and rights
B) historical precedents, rights, and utilitarianism
C) rewards, regulations, and time orientation
D) utilitarianism, rights, and justice
E) historical precedents, reward, and justice
During the socialization process, to work out any problems discovered during the
encounter stage, the new member changes or goes through the ________ stage.
A) post-arrival
B) metamorphosis
C) post-encounter
D) analysis
E) evaluation
Research shows that someone with a ________ core self-evaluation will also have a
________ job satisfaction level.
A) high; high
B) high; low
C) low; high
D) low; low
E) There is no connection between these two factors.
In discussing a given set of alternatives and arriving at a solution, group members tend
to exaggerate the initial positions they hold. This phenomenon is called ________.
A) self-concordance
B) groupshift
C) satisficing
D) emotional labor
E) groupthink
Recently, Thadius announced that he and his partner Ryan were planning to marry.
Since this time, Thadius has no longer been invited to lunch with the members of his
team and was not asked to play in the inter-departmental softball league this year.
Thadius is experiencing which form of discrimination?
A) sexual harassment
B) intimidation
C) insult
D) exclusion
E) incivility
Based on the information in the example, we can say that Trends Inc. ________.
A) is a highly centralized organization
B) is a virtual organization
C) has a strong culture
D) is a highly formalized organization
E) is a matrix organization
Harvey is a very exciting person, people want to be friends with him, and find his
company very desirable. Harvey usually takes the lead within his circle of friends and
seldom considers what others want. Most likely, Harvey has which of the Dark Triad?
A) Machiavellianism
B) narcissism
C) psychopathy
D) Machiavellianism and narcissism
E) psychopathy and narcissism
________ is the ability to continue maximum effort requiring prolonged effort over
time.
A) Stamina
B) Static strength
C) Explosive strength
D) Dynamic strength
E) Balance
One of the core problems that created the financial meltdown of 2008 was that large
loans were made to individuals who could not repay them, and the finance companies
purchased these bad debts without realizing how poor the prospects of repayment were.
Which of the following decision-making errors was made by the lenders and
borrowers?
A) hindsight bias
B) availability bias
C) overconfidence bias
D) confirmation bias
E) anchoring bias
Silence, as a communication barrier, is less likely where ________.
A) the organization is highly centralized
B) the information is filtered by the sender
C) the receiver engages in selective perception
D) high procedural justice prevails
E) people experience information overload
The application of direct threats or force upon resisters is called ________.
A) negotiation
B) cooptation
C) manipulation
D) coercion
E) arbitration