Question 1 1 / 1 point
Which early U.S. sociologist studied the African American community and served as a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)?
A) Jane Addams
B) Harriet Martineau
C) W. E. B. Du Bois
D) Herbert Spencer
Answer:
Question 2 1 / 1 point
The meaning people find in competitive sports would be one focus of a symbolic-interaction approach.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 3 1 / 1 point
Comte described the earliest human societies as being at which stage of historical development?
A) Theological stage
B) Metaphysical stage
C) Scientific stage
D) Post-scientific stage
Answer:
Question 4 1 / 1 point
The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern are referred to as ________
A) latent functions.
B) manifest functions.
C) eufunctions.
D) dysfunctions.
Answer:
Question 5 1 / 1 point
In the United States, secondary schools place students in college preparatory tracks that partially reflect the social background of their families.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 6 1 / 1 point
By stating that the sociological perspective shows us \”the strange in the familiar,\” the text argues that sociologists ________
A) focus on the bizarre elements of society.
B) reject the familiar idea that people simply decide how to act in favor of the initially strange idea that society shapes our lives.
C) believe that people often behave in strange ways.
D) believe that even people who are most familiar to us have some very strange habits.
Answer:
Question 7 1 / 1 point
The term \”sociology\” was coined in 1838 by ________
A) Karl Marx.
B) Herbert Spencer.
C) Adam Smith.
D) Auguste Comte.
Answer:
Question 8 1 / 1 point
W. E. B. Du Bois described African Americans as having a \”double consciousness\” because ________
A) most African Americans felt that, compared to white people, they had to be twice as careful in how they acted.
B) there is a double disadvantage in being both poor and black.
C) African Americans have to work twice as hard as whites to get the same reward.
D) African Americans are American citizens who have a second identity based on skin color.
Answer:
Question 9 1 / 1 point
Which theoretical approach claims that it is not so much what people do that matters as much as what meaning they attach to their behavior?
A) Structural-functional approach
B) Social-conflict approach
C) Symbolic-interaction approach
D) Social-exchange approach
Answer:
Question 10 1 / 1 point
Among the historical changes that stimulated the development of sociology as a discipline was ________
A) the founding of the Roman Catholic church.
B) the rise of the industrial economy and growth of cities.
C) the power of tradition.
D) a belief that our futures are defined by \”fate\”.
Answer:
Question 11 1 / 1 point
The social-conflict approach draws attention to ________
A) how elements contribute to the overall operation of society.
B) how people construct meaning in their interaction.
C) patterns of social inequality.
D) the stable aspects of society.
Answer:
Question 12 1 / 1 point
We would expect the sociological perspective to be most likely to develop in a place that was ________
A) very traditional.
B) experiencing many social changes.
C) very poor.
D) small and socially isolated.
Answer:
Question 13 1 / 1 point
About 1.25million immigrants enter the United States each year and many (including Arnold Schwarzenegger and Gloria Estefan) have become well known. These facts support the conclusion that ________
A) the world\’s nations are increasingly interconnected.
B) other nations have little effects on life in rich countries such as the United States.
C) people around the world share little in terms of their ways of life.
D) sociology does not have to pay attention to nations other than the United States.
Answer:
Question 14 1 / 1 point
Three campus roommates are talking about why they are in college. A sociological view of going to college highlights the effect of ________
A) only age, because college students tend to be young.
B) only class, because college students tend to come from families with above-average incomes.
C) only our place in history, because a century ago going to college was not an option for most people.
D) age, class, and our place in history, because of these are all ways in which society guides college attendance.
Answer:
Question 15 1 / 1 point
Sociology differs from the older discipline of philosophy by focusing on ________
A) what the ideal society should be.
B) human nature.
C) the place of God in shaping human events.
D) how society actually operates.
Answer:
Question 16 1 / 1 point
W. E. B. Du Bois claimed that _____ was the major problem facing the United States during the twentieth century.
A) class
B) race
C) gender
D) ethnicity
Answer:
Question 17 1 / 1 point
Both Karl Marx and W. E. B. Du Bois carried out their work following the structural-functional approach.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 18 1 / 1 point
Unlike simple stereotypes, sociological generalizations ________
A) apply to all individuals in some category.
B) are based on all available facts.
C) are motivated by bias.
D) ignore facts.
Answer:
Question 19 1 / 1 point
Following the thinking of C. Wright Mills, we would expect the sociological imagination to be more widespread in a population ________
A) during times of peace and prosperity.
B) among the very rich.
C) among very religious people.
D) during times of social crisis.
Answer:
Question 20 1 / 1 point
The sociological perspective highlights how society benefits only the most privileged people.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 1 1 / 1 point
According to Emile Durkheim, while traditional, rural societies were built on________, modern urban societies are held together by ________.
A) likeness; difference
B) difference; likeness
C) money; morals
D) choice; conformity
Answer:
Question 2 1 / 1 point
About how long ago in history did the first cities emerge?
A) 10,000 years ago
B) 4,000 years ago
C) 2,000 years ago
D) 1,000 years ago
Answer:
Question 3 1 / 1 point
\”Zero population growth\” refers to cases in which a nation\’s birth rate drops to zero.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 4 1 / 1 point
Which of the following statements expresses the \”logic of growth\”?
A) Material affluence is dangerous to humanity.
B) Technology and human ingenuity will continue to improve our lives.
C) Quality of life on the Earth is declining.
D) Growth makes no sense because we cannot sustain it indefinitely.
Answer:
Question 5 1 / 1 point
Which of the following statements expresses the \”limits to growth\” thesis?
A) We are rapidly consuming the Earth\’s finite resources.
B) Whatever problems technology creates, technology can solve.
C) Quality of life on the Earth is now improving.
D) Growth makes sense because it raises living standards.
Answer:
Question 6 1 / 1 point
Which of the following is evidence of the shortage of fresh water now found around the world?
A) China\’s supply of ground water is declining rapidly.
B) Water supply in the Middle East is at a critical level.
C) Mexico City has pumped so much water from the ground that the city continues to sink about two inches per year.
D) All of these responses are correct.
Answer:
Question 7 1 / 1 point
Global warming could cause the level of the oceans to fall by two to three feet during this century.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 8 1 / 1 point
In the United States, the birth rate is currently ________
A) at the replacement level.
B) below the replacement level.
C) slightly above the replacement level.
D) well above the replacement level.
Answer:
Question 9 1 / 1 point
Why are sex ratios usually below 100?
A) Because many societies abort male fetuses.
B) Because more women than men are born.
C) Because women typically outlive men.
D) All of these responses are correct.
Answer:
Question 10 1 / 1 point
To calculate a crude birth rate, divide the number of live births in a year into the total population and multiply the result by 1,000.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 11 1 / 1 point
For decades, China has regulated fertility with a \”one-child\” policy.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 12 1 / 1 point
The University of Chicago\’s sociology department had an early focus on cities and urban life.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 13 1 / 1 point
In medieval cities of Europe, what was found at the city\’s center?
A) A central business district
B) The ghetto
C) Government buildings
D) The cathedral
Answer:
Question 14 1 / 1 point
If a nation has a sex ratio of 107, as India does, it is very likely that parents there ________
A) value sons more than daughters.
B) value daughters more than sons.
C) value children of both sexes equally.
D) place little value on children.
Answer:
Question 15 1 / 1 point
Which of the following statements correctly describes societies at the postindustrial level of technological development?
A) Birth rates are low.
B) Death rates are steady.
C) Both A and B are true.
D) None of the other responses is correct.
Answer:
Question 16 1 / 1 point
If you were studying countries with very low infant mortality, in which of the following global regions would you be most likely to look?
A) Latin America
B) Africa
C) Europe
D) Asia
Answer:
Question 17 1 / 1 point
When did the world\’s population reach 1 billion?
A) 1600
B) 1700
C) 1800
D) 1900
Answer:
Question 18 1 / 1 point
The planet\’s population first reached 1 billion about the year 1500.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 19 1 / 1 point
At the present rate of loss, almost all of the rain forests will be gone by the end of this century.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 20 1 / 1 point
Currently, about how many people are added to the world\’s population each year?
A) 870,000
B) 8.7 million
C) 87 million
D) 870 million
Answer:
Question 1 1 / 1 point
Mass-society theory argues that the scale of social life is increasingly leaving people feeling lost in a world of large and impersonal bureaucracies.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 2 1 / 1 point
Moving on has always been an important part of the experience of U.S. society. Remembering the map in the chapter, in which part of the country are there an especially large share of households that stay put, where people in a family have lived for thirty years or more?
A) Florida
B) the Southwest
C) the West Coast
D) the Great Plains
Answer:
Question 3 1 / 1 point
Genocide-the systematic killing of many people-is an example of an \”intentional disaster.\”
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 4 1 / 1 point
A mass society is one that ________
A) has expanding bureaucracy.
B) is affluent in terms of economic production.
C) has lost much of its traditional social ties.
D) All of these responses are correct.
Answer:
Question 5 0 / 1 point
Which type of social movement seeks radical social change but only in some people?
A) Alternative social movements
B) Redemptive social movements
C) Reformative social movements
D) Revolutionary social movements
Answer:
Question 6 1 / 1 point
For Tönnies, the essence of Gesellschaft is ________
A) faith in established tradition.
B) self-interest.
C) kinship.
D) neighborhood and friendship.
Answer:
Question 7 1 / 1 point
Which of the following is a common cause of social change?
A) Discovery of existing things
B) Diffusion of ideas from one cultural system to another
C) Invention of new ideas and things
D) All of these responses are correct.
Answer:
Question 8 1 / 1 point
Difficulty forming a personal identity is a problem of modernity highlighted by mass-society theory.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 9 1 / 1 point
In the United States, our culture makes us think that modernity always involves which of the following?
A) Progress
B) Inequality
C) Tradition
D) Celebrating the past
Answer:
Question 10 1 / 1 point
The concept of modernity refers to changes in social patterns brought on by which of the following?
A) The fall of the Roman Empire
B) The Enlightenment
C) The Industrial Revolution
D) Globalization
Answer:
Question 11 1 / 1 point
Max Weber saw which of the following as evidence of modernization?
A) The rise of capitalism
B) The rise of science
C) The spread of bureaucracy
D) All of these responses are correct.
Answer:
Question 12 1 / 1 point
What David Riesman calls other-directed people are characterized by superficiality, inconsistency, and an openness to change.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 13 1 / 1 point
Demographic change in the United States over the course of the last century includes a trend towards ________
A) smaller household size.
B) a larger share of elderly people.
C) living in cities.
D) All of these responses are correct.
Answer:
Question 14 1 / 1 point
Scholars who take a postmodernist approach claim that ________
A) in many respects, modernity has failed.
B) science holds the important answers.
C) people should be optimistic about their future.
D) All of these responses are correct.
Answer:
Question 15 1 / 1 point
The problem mass-society theory sees with the expansion of bureaucracy and the state is that ________
A) as bureaucracy and the state expand, people in local communities have less control over their lives.
B) government is not very efficient.
C) there is an increase in social inequality.
D) people feel the need for more personal freedom.
Answer:
Question 16 1 / 1 point
Political-economy theory links social movements to opposition to the capitalist economy.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 17 1 / 1 point
Which type of social movement seeks radical change in all of society?
A) Alternative social movements
B) Redemptive social movements
C) Reformative social movements
D) Revolutionary social movements
Answer:
Question 18 1 / 1 point
Max Weber\’s thesis on the Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism highlighted the importance of which of the following in the process of social change?
A) Invention
B) Ideas
C) Social conflict
D) Cultural diffusion
Answer:
Question 19 1 / 1 point
Class-society describes the personal experience of modernity as powerlessness.
A) True
B) False
Answer:
Question 20 1 / 1 point
Kai Erikson explains that disasters harm people in a way the public often fails to realize by ________
A) destroying property.
B) killing people.
C) breaking down people\’s communities.
D) None of the other responses is correct.
Answer: