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Which clade does NOT include humans? A) lobe-fins B) diapsids C) craniates D) osteichthyans What is the importance of consuming an adequate amount of proteins in the diet? A) They are most commonly used to meet energy demands of cells. […]

What is true of the Cambrian explosion? A) There are fossils of animals in geological strata that are older than the Cambrian explosion. B) Only the fossils of microorganisms are found in geological strata older than the Cambrian explosion. C) […]

The molar mass of glucose is 180 grams per mole (g/mol). Which of the following procedures should you carry out to make a 1 M solution of glucose? Into 0.8 liter (L) of water, dissolve _____. A) 1 g of […]

What is an adaptive advantage of recombination between linked genes? A) Recombination is required for independent assortment. B) Recombination must occur or genes will not assort independently. C) New allele combinations are acted upon by natural selection. D) The forces […]

The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of […]

In receptor-mediated endocytosis, receptor molecules initially project to the outside of the cell. Where do they end up after endocytosis? A) on the outside of vesicles B) on the inside surface of the cell membrane C) on the inside surface […]

When the mammalian brain compares the actual temperature of the body to the preferred temperature of the body, which general component is being used? A) sensor B) effector C) integrator C.elegans is a model organism and was the first eukaryotic […]

The final step in a Sanger DNA sequencing reaction is to run the DNA fragments on a gel. What purpose does this serve? A) It adds ddNTP to the end of each DNA fragment. B) It changes the length of […]

Many plants flower in response to day-length cues. Which of the following statements best summarizes this phenomenon? A) As a rule, short-day plants flower in the summer. B) As a rule, long-day plants flower in the spring or fall. C) […]

The virus genome and viral proteins are assembled into virions (virus particles) during _____. A) the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle in all known host organisms B) the lysogenic cycle only C) the lytic cycle only D) the lytic […]

What causes the shape of the molecule shown above? A) the shape of the 2 p orbitals in the carbon atom B) the shape of the 1 s orbital in the carbon atom C) the shape of the sp3 hybrid […]

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? A) glycolysis B) accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain C) the citric acid cycle D) the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA […]

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? A) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group B) a nitrogenous base and a sugar C) a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a sugar D) […]

A recent study compared the Homo sapiens genome with that of Neanderthals. The results of the study indicated that there was a mixing of the two genomes at some period in evolutionary history. Additional data consistent with this hypothesis could […]

Which of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? A) Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. B) Only heterotrophs have mitochondria. C) Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that […]

The process of photosynthesis probably originated _____. A) in plants B) in prokaryotes C) in fungi D) three separate times during evolution Menopause is characterized by _____. A) the loss of responsiveness by the ovaries to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and […]

How would you expect the root system of a plant grown by hydroponics to compare to the root system of a plant grown in soil? The root system of a plant grown by hydroponics would be _____. A) more developed […]

Eutrophication is often caused by excess limiting nutrient runoff from agricultural fields into aquatic ecosystems. This results in massive algal blooms, which eventually die and decompose, ultimately depleting the dissolved oxygen and killing large numbers of fish and other aquatic […]

A patient with a blood pressure of 120/75, a pulse rate of 70 beats/minute, a stroke volume of 70 mL/beat (milliliters per beat), and a respiratory rate of 25 breaths/minute will have a cardiac output of _____. A) 1,000 mL/minute […]

Rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction as a function of varying reactant concentration, with the concentration of enzyme constant. In the figure, why does the reaction rate plateau at higher reactant concentrations? A) Feedback inhibition by product occurs at high reactant […]

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial organism that causes ulcers and digestive disturbances. How might they survive the acid pH of the stomach? A) They secrete buffers to neutralize acid. B) They burrow under the mucus layer that covers the stomach […]

Contact of a sea urchin egg with signal molecules on sperm causes the egg to undergo a brief _____. A) mitosis B) membrane depolarization C) vitellogenesis D) acrosomal reaction The thin horizontal arrows in the figure above show that the […]

Independent assortment of chromosomes occurs during _____. A) meiosis I only B) meiosis II only C) mitosis and meiosis I D) mitosis and meiosis II Asexual reproduction in yeasts occurs by budding. Due to unequal cytokinesis, the “bud” cell receives […]

Chitin is a major component of the _____. A) skeleton of mammals B) hydrostatic skeletons of earthworms C) exoskeleton of insects D) body hairs of mammals Density-dependent inhibition is a phenomenon in which crowded cells stop dividing at some optimal […]

Cottonwood, aspen, and willow trees have beige flowers, with no petals, that appear before the tree’s leaves are out in the spring; and they are dioecious. What does this indicate about these trees? A) Their insect pollinators are specialists. B) […]

We should care about loss in biodiversity in other species because of _____. I) potential loss of medicines and other products yet undiscovered from threatened species II) potential loss of genes, some of which may code for proteins useful to […]

Whatever its ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of _____. A) mass extinction B) evolutionary stasis C) adaptive radiation D) a large meteor impact What must be true of any organ described as vestigial? A) It must […]

Which of the following does NOT occur during mitosis? A) condensation of the chromosomes B) replication of the DNA C) spindle formation D) separation of the spindle poles The internal fertilization that occurs prior to shell deposition has what type […]

In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about five times the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes. What purpose must this serve? A) It allows for an increased rate of glycolysis. B) It allows for an increased rate of […]

What evidence do paleobotanists look for that indicates the movement of plants from water to land? A) waxy cuticle to decrease evaporation from leaves B) loss of structures that produce spores C) sporopollenin to inhibit evaporation from leaves D) remnants […]

During a field trip, an instructor touched a moth resting on a tree trunk. The moth raised its forewings to reveal large eyespots on its hind wings. The instructor asked why the moth lifted its wings. One student answered that […]

In a simple synapse, neurotransmitter chemicals are released by _____. A) the dendritic membrane B) the presynaptic membrane C) axon hillocks D) cell bodies The amino acid that operates at most inhibitory synapses in the brain is _____. A) acetylcholine […]

Recent genetic studies of the structure of microsporidian genomes, as well as the sequences of their tubulin genes and the gene for RNA polymerase II, indicate that microsporidians are closely related to the fungi. Microsporidians lack flagella, centrioles, peroxisomes, and […]

A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is _____. A) TTT B) UUA C) UUU D) AAA Which of the following defines a genome? […]

If the half-life of carbon-14 is about 5730 years, then a fossil that has one-sixteenth the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 should be about how many years old? A) 2800 B) 11,200 C) 16,800 D) 22,900 Scientists believe that […]

The same bees that pollinate the flowers of the Brazil nut trees also pollinate orchids, which are epiphytes (in other words, plants that grow on other plants); however, orchids cannot grow on Brazil nut trees. These observations explain _____. A) […]

For a chemotherapeutic drug to be useful for treating cancer cells, which of the following is most desirable? A) It is safe enough to limit all apoptosis. B) It does not alter metabolically active cells. C) It interferes with cells […]

If a portion of the pancreas is surgically removed from a rat and the rat subsequently loses its appetite, one explanation is that the removed portion contains cells that secrete a chemical signal that somehow stimulates appetite. Given this scenario, […]

Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form a cation with a charge of +1? A) B) C) D) An decrease from pH 7.4 to pH 7.2 causes hemoglobin to _____. A) release all bound carbon […]

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and aquatic pond life during the summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the family farm from college. Observing the pond, […]

The active ingredient orlistat acts to decrease the amount of fat that is absorbed by attaching to enzymes that digest fat. Which of the following are potential targets of orlistat? A) salivary amylase B) pepsidase C) pancreatic lipase D) secretin […]

What is thought to be the correct sequence of these events, from earliest to most recent, in the evolution of life on Earth? 1. origin of mitochondria 2. origin of multicellular eukaryotes 3. origin of chloroplasts 4. origin of cyanobacteria […]

Foods can be preserved in many ways by slowing or preventing bacterial growth. Which of these methods should be LEAST effective at inhibiting bacterial growth? A) Refrigeration: slows bacterial metabolism and growth. B) Closing previously opened containers: prevents more bacteria […]

When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what happens? The more electronegative atom is _____. A) reduced, and energy is released B) reduced, and energy is consumed C) oxidized, and energy is consumed D) oxidized, and energy is […]

Fat digestion yields fatty acids and glycerol, whereas protein digestion yields amino acids; both digestive processes _____. A) are catalyzed by the same enzyme B) use water molecules when breaking bonds (hydrolysis) C) require the presence of hydrochloric acid to […]

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of an earthworm is based on the operation of _____. A) protonephridia B) metanephridia C) Malpighian tubules D) nephrons Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations? A) A grandparent and grandchild each have […]

The veins of leaves are _____. I) composed of xylem and phloem II) continuous with vascular bundles in the stem and roots III) finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells A) only I B) only II C) […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 1 Evolution, the Themes of biology, and Scientific Inquiry 1) Cells are _____. A) only found in pairs, because single cells cannot exist independently B) limited in size to […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 10 Photosynthesis 1) The process of photosynthesis probably originated _____. A) in plants B) in prokaryotes C) in fungi D) three separate times during evolution Answer: B Bloom’s Taxonomy: […]

1 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 12 The Cell Cycle 1) In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of _____. A) DNA and RNA B) DNA only C) DNA and proteins D) DNA and phospholipids […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression 1) Which of the following is a protein produced by a regulatory gene? A) operon B) inducer C) promoter D) repressor Answer: D Bloom’s […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 19 Viruses 1) Which of the three types of viruses shown above would you expect to include glycoproteins? A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life 1) About twenty-five of the ninety-two natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which four of these twenty-five elements make up […]

12 Use the following description to answer the question(s) below. On the Bahamian island of Andros, mosquitofish populations live in various, now-isolated, freshwater ponds that were once united. Currently, some predator-rich ponds have mosquitofish that can swim in short, fast […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life The questions below refer to the following phylogenetic trees. I. II. III. IV. 1) Which tree depicts the microsporidians as a sister […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 32) Bacteria able to perform the NH4+ + NO2– → N2 + 2H2O reaction have been discovered in laboratory bioreactors and wastewater treatment systems. Researchers predicted that these bacteria should exist in oceans. They […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 30 Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants 1) Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution? A) the trend toward smaller size B) the […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 32 An Overview of Animal Diversity 1) A researcher is trying to construct a molecular-based phylogeny of the entire animal kingdom. Assuming that none of the following genes is […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various protuberances (that is, extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a saltwater aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria can be quite a hassle, the […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 33 An Introduction to Invertebrates 1) One should expect to find cilia associated with the feeding apparatus of _____. A) annelids B) coral animals C) tapeworms D) sponges Answer: […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 34 The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates 1) Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates at some point during their life cycle? A) jaws B) post-anal […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 35 Plant Structure, Growth, and Development 1) Which part of a plant absorbs most of the water and minerals taken up from the soil? A) root cap B) root […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 36 Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants 1) Given that early land plants most likely share a common ancestor with green algae, the earliest land plants were most […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 37 Soil and Plant Nutrition 1) What soil composition would be best for availability of nutrients, water, and root development? A) equal amounts of sand, clay, and humus B) […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 38 Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology 1) Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower? A) petals […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 39 Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals 1) The detector of light during de-etiolation (greening) of a tomato plant is (are) _____. A) carotenoids B) xanthophylls C) phytochrome […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function 1) Penguins, seals, and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming, because _____. A) all share a recent common ancestor […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 41 Animal Nutrition 1) The following table shows the contents of a multivitamin supplement and its percentage of recommended daily values (%DV). 1 Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge/Comprehension Section: […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 42 Circulation and Gas Exchange 1) The circulatory systems of bony fishes, rays, and sharks are most similar to _____. A) those of birds, with a four-chambered heart B) […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 43 The Immune System 1) Innate immunity _____. A) is activated immediately upon infection B) depends on an infected animal’s previous exposure to the same pathogen C) is based […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 44 Osmoregulation and Excretion 1) The force driving simple diffusion is _____, while the energy source for active transport is _____. A) the concentration gradient; ADP B) the concentration […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 45 Hormones and the Endocrine System 1) You are dissecting a fish in your biology laboratory section. Your teaching assistant points out a long oval structure and tells you […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 46 Animal Reproduction 1) Regeneration, the regrowth of lost body parts, normally follows _____. A) all types of asexual reproduction B) fission C) fragmentation D) parthenogenesis Answer: C Bloom’s […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 47 Animal Development 1) Even in the absence of sperm, metabolic activity in an egg can be artificially activated by _____. A) abnormally high levels of carbonic acid in […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 48 Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling 1) A simple nervous system _____. A) must include chemical senses, mechanoreception, and vision B) includes a minimum of twelve effector neurons C) has […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 49 Nervous Systems 1) An organism that lacks integration centers _____. A) cannot receive stimuli B) will not have a nervous system C) will not be able to interpret […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules 1) Which of these classes of biological molecules does NOT include polymers? A) lipids B) carbohydrates C) proteins D) nucleic […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 50 Sensory and Motor Mechanisms 1) When the mammalian brain compares the actual temperature of the body to the preferred temperature of the body, which general component is being […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 37) Fred and Joe, two unrelated, mature male gorillas, encounter one another. Fred is courting a female. Fred grunts as Joe comes near. As Joe continues to advance, Fred begins drumming (pounding his chest) […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 51 Animal Behavior 1) What type of signal is long-lasting and works at night? A) olfactory B) visual C) auditory D) electrical Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application/Analysis Section: 51.1 […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 52 An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere 1) Which level of ecological study focuses the most on abiotic factors? A) speciation ecology B) population ecology C) community ecology […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 36) According to the logistic growth equation, = rmaxN, A) the number of individuals added per unit time is greatest when N is close to zero. B) the per capita growth rate (r) increases […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 53 Population Ecology 1) In the figure above, which of the following survivorship curves implies that an animal may lay many eggs, of which a regular number die each […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 54 Community Ecology 1) Some birds follow moving swarms of army ants in the tropics. As the ants march along the forest floor hunting insects and small vertebrates, birds […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 55 Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology 1) If the sun were to suddenly stop providing energy to Earth, most ecosystems would vanish. Which of the following ecosystems would likely survive […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 37) The main purpose of wildlife (movement) corridors is to _____. A) slow down the introduction of new individuals of a species B) slowly introduce a species to a new preserve C) create more […]

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Campbell Biology, 10e (Reece) Chapter 56 Conservation Biology and Global Change 1) Philippe Bouchet and colleagues conducted a massive survey of marine molluscs on the west coast of New Caledonia. Twenty percent of the […]

In the process of science, which of these is tested? A) a result B) an observation C) a hypothesis D) a control group Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have […]

One of the buffers that contribute to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid is a weak acid that, when placed in an aqueous solution, dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and a hydrogen ion (H+), […]

Rank the following one-base point mutations (from most likely to least likely) with respect to their likelihood of affecting the structure of the corresponding polypeptide. 1. insertion mutation deep within an intron 2. substitution mutation at the third position of […]

A human blastomere is _____. A) an embryonic cell that is smaller than the ovum B) an embryonic structure that includes a fluid-filled cavity C) that part of the acrosome that opens the egg’s membrane D) a cell that contains […]

After blood flow is artificially reduced at one kidney, you would expect that kidney to secrete more of the hormone known as _____. A) angiotensinogen B) renin C) antidiuretic hormone D) atrial natriuretic peptide Use the following information to answer […]

A plant developed a mineral deficiency after being treated with a fungicide. What is the most probable cause of the deficiency? A) Mineral receptor proteins in the plant membrane were not functioning. B) Mycorrhizal fungi were killed. C) Active transport […]

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. The citric acid cycle. For each mole of glucose (C6H12O6) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO2 are released in the citric acid cycle (see the accompanying figure)? A) […]

Besides the ability of some cancer cells to overproliferate, what else could logically result in a tumor? A) changes in the order of cell cycle stages B) lack of appropriate cell death C) inability to form spindles D) inability of […]

Suppose two AaBbCc individuals are mated. Assuming that the genes are not linked, what fraction of the offspring are expected to be homozygous recessive for the three traits? A) 1/4 B) 1/8 C) 1/16 D) 1/64 The following figure depicts […]

Stem cell transplants may someday be used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Researchers are hopeful that these cells would alleviate the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease by _____. A) preventing temporal lobe seizures B) repairing sites of traumatic brain injury C) replenishing […]

What does the circled part of the phylogenetic tree above indicate? A) an adaptive radiation B) a mass extinction event C) rapid speciation D) an adaptive radiation and rapid speciation Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific […]

Most of the exchange surfaces of multicellular animals are lined with _____. A) connective tissue B) smooth muscle cells C) neural tissue D) epithelial tissue Refer to the following information to answer the questions below. Fossils of Lystrosaurus, a dicynodont […]

Predict the effects of a drug that increases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) synthesis. A) increase in glucocorticoid production B) increase in release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) C) decrease in cortisol release D) decrease in release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) You sample […]

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by _____. A) hydrogen bonds B) nonpolar covalent bonds C) polar covalent bonds D) ionic bonds The first genetic material on Earth was probably […]

If a meteor impact or volcanic eruption injected a lot of dust into the atmosphere and reduced the sunlight reaching Earth’s surface by 70 percent for one year, which of the following marine communities most likely would be least affected? […]

Why has C. elegans proven to be a useful model for understanding apoptosis? A) The animal does not naturally use apoptosis, but can be induced to do so in the laboratory. B) The nematode undergoes a fixed and easy-to-visualize number […]

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone’s _____. A) secretory cell B) endocrine cell C) target cell D) regulatory cell What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids? A) […]

The bile salts _____. A) are enzymes B) are manufactured by the pancreas C) emulsify fats in the duodenum D) are normally an ingredient of gastric juice To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure […]

The eyes and the respiratory tract are both protected against infections by _____. A) interferons produced by immune cells B) the secretion of complement proteins C) the release of slightly alkaline secretions D) the secretion of lysozyme onto their surfaces […]

Nitrogen fixation is a process that_____. A) recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials B) converts ammonia to ammonium C) releases nitrate from the rock substrate D) converts nitrogen gas into ammonia Looking at the data in the figure […]

What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from earliest to most recent? 1. tetrapods 2. vertebrates 3. deuterostomes 4. amniotes 5. bilaterians A) 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 B) 5 […]

The fact that all seven of the pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of independent assortment most probably indicates which of the following? A) None of the traits obeyed the law of segregation. B) The diploid number […]

If global warming continues at its present rate, which biomes will likely take the place of the coniferous forest (taiga)? A) temperate broadleaf forest and grassland B) desert and chaparral C) tropical forest and savanna D) chaparral and temperate broadleaf […]

Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution? A) the trend toward smaller size B) the trend toward a gametophyte-dominated life cycle C) the trend toward a sporophyte-dominated life cycle D) the trend toward larger gametophytes Tumor-suppressor […]

Artificial electrical stimulation of a human’s capsaicin-sensitive neurons would likely produce the sensation of _____. A) cold temperature B) hot temperature C) tactile stimulus D) deep pressure When adenylyl cyclase is activated ________. A) cAMP is created B) cAMP is […]

The fact that plants can be cloned from somatic cells demonstrates that _____. A) differentiated cells retain all the genes of the zygote B) genes are lost during differentiation C) the differentiated state is normally very unstable D) differentiation does […]

Suppose you laid a seedling on its side so that the root was parallel to the ground as shown in the figure above. Several hours after the change in position, where in the root cells (position A, B, or C […]

Currently, two extant elephant species (X and Y) are classified in the genus Loxodonta, and a third species (Z) is placed in the genus Elephas. Thus, which statement should be true? A) Species X and Y are not related to […]

What determines whether a carbon atom’s covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration? A) the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen atoms B) the presence or absence of double bonds between the […]

What would be the expected effect on plants if the atmospheric CO2 concentration was doubled? A) All plants would experience increased rates of photosynthesis. B) C3 plants would have faster growth; C4 plants would be minimally affected. C) C4 plants […]

Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is a human disorder that causes gradual deterioration of the muscles. Only boys are affected, and they are always born to phenotypically normal parents. Due to the severity of the disease, the boys die in their teens. […]

Fossils of Thrinaxodon, a species that lived during the Triassic period, have been found in both South Africa and Antarctica. Thrinaxodon had a reptile-like skeleton and laid eggs, but small depressions on the front of its skull suggest it had […]

Which of the following was derived from an ancestral cyanobacterium? A) chloroplast B) mitochondrion C) flagella D) mitosome Which one of the atoms shown would be most likely to form an anion with a charge of -1? A) B) C) […]

Ionotropic receptors found at synapses are operated via _____. A) ligand-gated ion channels B) electrical synapses C) inhibitory, but not excitatory, synapses D) excitatory, but not inhibitory, synapses The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (A-E). Use the […]

For the following questions, match the labeled component of the cell membrane in the figure with its description. Which component is cholesterol? A) B B) C C) D D) E Which of the following terms includes all of the others? […]

Which of the following is released by platelets in the vicinity of an injury? A) PDGF B) MPF C) cyclin D) Cdk P680+ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Given its function, why is this necessary? A) […]

When the air in a testing chamber is specially mixed so that its oxygen content is 10 percent and its overall air pressure is 400 mm Hg, then is _____. A) 400 mm Hg B) 82 mm Hg C) 40 […]

A nonfunctional CD4 protein on a helper T cell would result in the helper T cell being unable to _____. A) respond to T-independent antigens B) lyse tumor cells C) stimulate a cytotoxic T cell D) interact with a class […]

When chemical, transport, or mechanical work is done by an organism, what happens to the heat generated? A) It is used to power yet more cellular work. B) It is used to store energy as more ATP. C) It is […]

The following questions refer to the generalized life cycle for land plants shown in the figure below. Each number within a circle or square represents a specific plant or plant part, and each number over an arrow represents either meiosis, […]

Which of the following can be said about light in aquatic environments? A) Water selectively reflects and absorbs certain wavelengths of light. B) Longer wavelengths penetrate to greater depths. C) Light penetration seldom limits the distribution of photosynthetic species. D) […]

Use the following description to answer the question(s) below. On the Bahamian island of Andros, mosquitofish populations live in various, now-isolated, freshwater ponds that were once united. Currently, some predator-rich ponds have mosquitofish that can swim in short, fast bursts; […]

If humans had been present to build log structures during the Carboniferous period (they were not), which plant types would have been suitable sources of logs? A) horsetails and bryophytes B) lycophytes and bryophytes C) ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes D) […]

Which of the following is a consequence of biological magnification (biomagnification)? A) Toxic chemicals in the environment pose greater risk to top-level predators than to primary consumers. B) Populations of top-level predators are generally smaller than populations of primary consumers. […]

Which molecule shown above can function as a base? A) A B) B C) C D) D Which of the following is a true statement about asexual reproduction in plants? A) Clones of plants do not occur naturally. B) Cloning, […]

The figure above shows a nephron. Filtration takes place in the structure labeled _____. A) a B) b C) c D) d Answer: A Which of the following life history traits can potentially influence effective population size? I) age of […]

What is a telomere? A) the mechanism that holds two sister chromatids together B) DNA replication during telophase C) the site of origin of DNA replication D) the ends of linear chromosomes What do all deuterostomes have in common? A) […]

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). […]

What is the biological significance of genetic diversity between populations? A) Genes for traits conferring an advantage to local conditions make microevolution possible. B) The population that is most fit would survive by competitive exclusion. C) Genetic diversity allows for […]

During aerobic respiration, H2O is formed. Where does the oxygen atom for the formation of the water come from? A) carbon dioxide (CO2) B) glucose (C6H12O6) C) molecular oxygen (O2) D) pyruvate (C3H3O3 –) Imagine you are resting comfortably on […]

After looking at the figure above, what can be said about productivity in this ecosystem? A) Nothing can be said based on this information. B) Between 80% and 90% of the energy is lost between most trophic levels. C) Between […]

Mendel’s second law of independent assortment has its basis in which of the following events of meiosis I? A) synapsis of homologous chromosomes B) crossing over C) alignment of tetrads at the equator D) separation of cells at telophase Refer […]

Two students studying physiology taste a known “bitter” substance, and both report sensing bitterness. They then sample another substance. Student A reports sensing both a bitter taste and a salty taste, but student B reports only a salty taste. What […]

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various protuberances (that is, extensions) on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear many chemoreceptors. […]