Biology & Life Sciences Chapter 33 If a lung were to be found in a mollus

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Use the following information to answer the question(s) below.

An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a saltwater

aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise.

First, the teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the tank with various

marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp,

several sea anemones of different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a sea

star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she added some vertebrates—a

parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish.

28) If the teacher wanted to show the students what a lophophore is and how it works, the

teacher would point out a feeding _____.

A) hydra

B) sponge

C) gastropod

D) ectoproct

29) The teacher was unaware of the difference between suspension feeding and predation. The

teacher thought that providing live copepods (2 mm long) and feeder fish (2 cm long) would

satisfy the dietary needs of all of the organisms. Consequently, which two organisms would have

been among the first to starve to death (assuming they lack photosynthetic endosymbionts)?

A) sponges and corals

B) sea stars and sponges

C) shrimp and bivalves

D) bivalves and sponges

30) What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of blood flukes in a

human population?

A) reduce the mosquito population

B) reduce the population of the intermediate snail host

C) avoid contact with rodent droppings

D) carefully wash all raw fruits and vegetables

Use the following information and figure to answer the question(s) below.

The sea slug Pteraeolidia ianthina (P. ianthina) can harbor living dinoflagellates (photosynthetic

protists) in its skin. These endosymbiotic dinoflagellates reproduce quickly enough to maintain

their populations. Low populations do not affect the sea slugs very much, but high populations (>

5 x 105 cells/mg of sea slug protein) can promote sea slug survival.

Percent of sea slug respiratory carbon demand provided by indwelling dinoflagellates.

31) According to the graph, during which season(s) of the year is the relationship between the

sea slug and its dinoflagellates closest to being commensal?

A) winter

B) spring

C) summer

D) spring and summer

32) Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because _____.

A) none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external

environment

B) they lack mesoderm as embryos and, therefore, lack the adult tissues derived from mesoderm

C) their flame bulbs can carry out respiratory and circulatory functions

D) their body cavity, a pseudocoelom, carries out these functions

33) Which one of these mollusk groups can be classified as suspension feeders?

A) bivalves

B) gastropods

C) chitons

D) cephalopods

34) Which characteristic is shared by cnidarians and flatworms?

A) dorsoventrally flattened bodies

B) radial symmetry

C) a digestive system with a single opening

D) a distinct head

35) If a lung were to be found in a mollusc, where would it be located?

A) mantle cavity

B) incurrent siphon

C) visceral mass

D) excurrent siphon

36) Parasitism is one of the most widespread life strategies ever to evolve. Which of the

following is consistent with this finding?

A) Parasites almost always predigest their hosts’ tissues and, therefore, spend less energy and

require fewer structural adaptations.

B) Parasites, unlike predators, feed on almost all the tissues of their host.

C) Parasites do not generally kill their hosts; thus they can feed on the same host throughout the

host’s normal life span and do not have competition from decomposers.

D) Parasites generally kill their host and can feed for a very long time because they are much

smaller than their host.

37) Nematodes and arthropods both _____.

A) develop an anus from the blastopore (pore) formed in the gastrula stage

B) are suspension feeders

C) grow by shedding their exoskeleton

D) have ciliated larvae

38) Arthropod exoskeletons and mollusk shells both _____.

A) completely replace the hydrostatic skeleton

B) are secreted by the mantle

C) help retain moisture in terrestrial habitats

D) are comprised of the polysaccharide chitin

39) You find a multi-legged animal in your garden and want to determine if it is a centipede or a

millipede. You take the animal to a university where a myriapodologist quickly tells you that you

have found a centipede. Which of the following may have allowed her to make this distinction?

A) segmentation

B) poisonous fangs

C) egg-laying

D) molting

40) Whiteflies are common pest insects found on cotton, tomato, poinsettia, and many other

plants. Nymphs are translucent and mostly sessile, feeding on their host plants’ phloem (sap)

from the undersides of leaves. They undergo incomplete metamorphosis into winged adults.

Because whitefly nymphs cannot escape predation by moving, you hypothesize that their

translucent bodies make them hard to spot by predators. How could you directly test this

hypothesis?

A) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs on plant leaves of different colors (for

example, red vs. green poinsettia leaves).

B) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs coated with a nontoxic dye vs. undyed

whitefly nymphs.

C) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs vs. whitefly adults.

D) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs by predators that are translucent vs. predators

that are not translucent.

41) All arthropods _____.

1) undergo complete metamorphose

2) have jointed appendages

3) molt

4) have segmented bodies

5) have an exoskeleton or cuticle

A) 1, 2, and 4

B) 3 and 5

C) 2, 3, 4, 5

D) 1, 4, 5

Use the following information when to answer the question(s) below.

Many terrestrial arthropods exchange gases with their environments by using tracheae, tubes that

lead from openings (called spiracles) in the animal’s exoskeleton or cuticle directly to the

animal’s tissues. Some arthropods can control whether their spiracles are opened or closed;

opening the spiracles allows the carbon dioxide produced in the tissues to travel down the

tracheae and be released outside the animal. Klok et al. measured the carbon dioxide emitted

over time (represented by ) by several species of centipedes. The figure below presents

graphs of their results for two species, Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. (C. J.

Klok, R. D. Mercer, and S. L. Chown. 2002. Discontinuous gas-exchange in centipedes and its

convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:1019-29.)

42) Look at the graph for Cormocephalus morsitans in the figure above. What is the best

interpretation of these results?

A) The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time.

B) The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time.

C) The centipede had its spiracles open when carbon dioxide (CO2) emission peaked and closed

when CO2 emission was low.

D) The centipede had its spiracles closed when carbon dioxide (CO2) emission peaked and open

when CO2 emission was low.

43) Look at the graph for Scutigerina weberi (note the scale of the y-axis) in the figure above.

What is the best interpretation of these results?

A) The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time.

B) The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time.

C) The centipede had its spiracles open when carbon dioxide (CO2) emission peaked and closed

when CO2 emission was low.

D) The centipede had its spiracles closed when carbon dioxide (CO2) emission peaked and open

when CO2 emission was low.

44) How would a terrestrial centipede most likely benefit from the ability to close its spiracles?

Closing spiracles would _____.

A) allow the centipede to move more quickly

B) allow the centipede to retain more moisture in its tissues

C) allow the centipede to stay warmer

D) allow more oxygen from the environment to reach the centipede’s tissues

45) Compare the graphs in the figure above of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission for

Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. What hypothesis can you make about each

centipede’s habitat?

A) C. morsitans lives in a habitat that provides more carbon dioxide than does S. weberi.

B) C. morsitans lives in a habitat with more predators than does S. weberi.

C) C. morsitans lives in a colder habitat than does S. weberi.

D) C. morsitans lives in a drier habitat than does S. weberi.

46) What would be the most direct effect of removing or damaging an insect’s antennae? The

insect would have trouble _____.

A) hearing

B) mating

C) seeing

D) smelling

47) The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a

pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which

phylum does the heartworm belong?

A) Platyhelminthes

B) Arthropoda

C) Nematoda

D) Annelida

48) A terrestrial animal species is discovered with the following larval characteristics:

exoskeleton, system of tubes for gas exchange, and modified segmentation. A knowledgeable

zoologist should predict that the adults of this species would also feature _____.

A) eight legs

B) two pairs of antennae

C) a sessile lifestyle

D) an open circulatory system

49) In a tide pool, a student encounters an organism with a hard outer covering that contains

much calcium carbonate, an open circulatory system, and gills. The organism could potentially

be a crab, a shrimp, a barnacle, or a bivalve. The presence of which of the following structures

would allow for the most certain identification of the organism?

A) a mantle

B) a heart

C) a body cavity

D) a filter-feeding apparatus

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below.

Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various protuberances (that is, extensions)

on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear

many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas

exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.

50) The claws (fangs) on the foremost trunk segment of centipedes have a function most similar

to that of _____.

A) rhinophores

B) dorsal plummules

C) cerata

D) chemoreceptors

51) The stingers of honeybees have a function most similar to that of _____.

A) rhinophores

B) dorsal plummules

C) cerata

D) chemoreceptors

52) The spiracles and tracheae of insects have a function most similar to that of _____.

A) rhinophores

B) dorsal plummules

C) cerata.

D) chemoreceptors

53) The antennae of insects have a function most similar to that of _____.

A) rhinophores

B) dorsal plummules

C) cerata

D) chemoreceptors

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below.

A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and aquatic pond life during the

summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the family farm from college. Observing the pond, she is

fascinated by some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces or, when

disturbed, seemingly “jet” through the water. Watching further, she is able to conclude that the

“mystery organisms” are ambush predators, and their prey includes everything from insects to

small fish and tadpoles.

54) If the pond organisms are larvae, rather than adults, Sarah should expect them to have all of

the following structures, EXCEPT _____.

A) antennae

B) an open circulatory system

C) an exoskeleton of chitin

D) sex organs

55) Sarah observed that the mystery pond organisms never come up to the pond’s surface. If she

catches one of these organisms and observes closely, perhaps dissecting the organism, she should

find _____.

A) gills

B) spiracles

C) tracheae

D) book lungs

56) As you are walking along a beach, you find an animal and believe that it belongs to the class

Asteroidea. Which of the following characteristics would support your hypothesis that the animal

is a sea star and not another type of echinoderm?

A) It is pentaradially symmetric.

B) It feeds on other animals.

C) It has a hydrostatic skeleton, formed from its water vascular system.

D) Its central region is not well-delineated from its appendages.

57) The water vascular system of echinoderms _____.

A) functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells

B) functions in locomotion and feeding

C) is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal is not bilaterally symmetrical

D) is analogous to the gastrovascular cavity of flatworms

58) Which of the following combinations correctly matches a phylum to its description?

A) Echinodermata — bilateral symmetry as a larva, water vascular system

B) Nematoda — segmented worms, closed circulatory system

C) Cnidaria — flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate

D) Platyhelminthes — radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms

59) Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic?

A) Mollusca

B) Crustacea

C) Echinodermata

D) Nematoda