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Use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a saltwater
aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise.
First, the teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the tank with various
marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp,
several sea anemones of different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a sea
star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she added some vertebrates—a
parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish.
28) If the teacher wanted to show the students what a lophophore is and how it works, the
teacher would point out a feeding _____.
A) hydra
B) sponge
C) gastropod
D) ectoproct
29) The teacher was unaware of the difference between suspension feeding and predation. The
teacher thought that providing live copepods (2 mm long) and feeder fish (2 cm long) would
satisfy the dietary needs of all of the organisms. Consequently, which two organisms would have
been among the first to starve to death (assuming they lack photosynthetic endosymbionts)?
A) sponges and corals
B) sea stars and sponges
C) shrimp and bivalves
D) bivalves and sponges
30) What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of blood flukes in a
human population?
A) reduce the mosquito population
B) reduce the population of the intermediate snail host
C) avoid contact with rodent droppings
D) carefully wash all raw fruits and vegetables
Use the following information and figure to answer the question(s) below.
The sea slug Pteraeolidia ianthina (P. ianthina) can harbor living dinoflagellates (photosynthetic
protists) in its skin. These endosymbiotic dinoflagellates reproduce quickly enough to maintain
their populations. Low populations do not affect the sea slugs very much, but high populations (>
5 x 105 cells/mg of sea slug protein) can promote sea slug survival.
Percent of sea slug respiratory carbon demand provided by indwelling dinoflagellates.
31) According to the graph, during which season(s) of the year is the relationship between the
sea slug and its dinoflagellates closest to being commensal?
A) winter
B) spring
C) summer
D) spring and summer
32) Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because _____.
A) none of their cells are far removed from the gastrovascular cavity or from the external
environment
B) they lack mesoderm as embryos and, therefore, lack the adult tissues derived from mesoderm
C) their flame bulbs can carry out respiratory and circulatory functions
D) their body cavity, a pseudocoelom, carries out these functions
33) Which one of these mollusk groups can be classified as suspension feeders?
A) bivalves
B) gastropods
C) chitons
D) cephalopods
34) Which characteristic is shared by cnidarians and flatworms?
A) dorsoventrally flattened bodies
B) radial symmetry
C) a digestive system with a single opening
D) a distinct head
35) If a lung were to be found in a mollusc, where would it be located?
A) mantle cavity
B) incurrent siphon
C) visceral mass
D) excurrent siphon
36) Parasitism is one of the most widespread life strategies ever to evolve. Which of the
following is consistent with this finding?
A) Parasites almost always predigest their hosts' tissues and, therefore, spend less energy and
require fewer structural adaptations.
B) Parasites, unlike predators, feed on almost all the tissues of their host.
C) Parasites do not generally kill their hosts; thus they can feed on the same host throughout the
host's normal life span and do not have competition from decomposers.
D) Parasites generally kill their host and can feed for a very long time because they are much
smaller than their host.
37) Nematodes and arthropods both _____.
A) develop an anus from the blastopore (pore) formed in the gastrula stage
B) are suspension feeders
C) grow by shedding their exoskeleton
D) have ciliated larvae
38) Arthropod exoskeletons and mollusk shells both _____.
A) completely replace the hydrostatic skeleton
B) are secreted by the mantle
C) help retain moisture in terrestrial habitats
D) are comprised of the polysaccharide chitin
39) You find a multi-legged animal in your garden and want to determine if it is a centipede or a
millipede. You take the animal to a university where a myriapodologist quickly tells you that you
have found a centipede. Which of the following may have allowed her to make this distinction?
A) segmentation
B) poisonous fangs
C) egg-laying
D) molting
40) Whiteflies are common pest insects found on cotton, tomato, poinsettia, and many other
plants. Nymphs are translucent and mostly sessile, feeding on their host plants' phloem (sap)
from the undersides of leaves. They undergo incomplete metamorphosis into winged adults.
Because whitefly nymphs cannot escape predation by moving, you hypothesize that their
translucent bodies make them hard to spot by predators. How could you directly test this
hypothesis?
A) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs on plant leaves of different colors (for
example, red vs. green poinsettia leaves).
B) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs coated with a nontoxic dye vs. undyed
whitefly nymphs.
C) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs vs. whitefly adults.
D) Compare rates of predation on whitefly nymphs by predators that are translucent vs. predators
that are not translucent.
41) All arthropods _____.
1) undergo complete metamorphose
2) have jointed appendages
3) molt
4) have segmented bodies
5) have an exoskeleton or cuticle
A) 1, 2, and 4
B) 3 and 5
C) 2, 3, 4, 5
D) 1, 4, 5
Use the following information when to answer the question(s) below.
Many terrestrial arthropods exchange gases with their environments by using tracheae, tubes that
lead from openings (called spiracles) in the animal's exoskeleton or cuticle directly to the
animal's tissues. Some arthropods can control whether their spiracles are opened or closed;
opening the spiracles allows the carbon dioxide produced in the tissues to travel down the
tracheae and be released outside the animal. Klok et al. measured the carbon dioxide emitted
over time (represented by ) by several species of centipedes. The figure below presents
graphs of their results for two species, Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. (C. J.
Klok, R. D. Mercer, and S. L. Chown. 2002. Discontinuous gas-exchange in centipedes and its
convergent evolution in tracheated arthropods. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:1019-29.)
Copyright 2002 The Company of Biologists and the Journal of Experimental Biology.
42) Look at the graph for Cormocephalus morsitans in the figure above. What is the best
interpretation of these results?
A) The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time.
B) The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time.
C) The centipede had its spiracles open when carbon dioxide (CO2) emission peaked and closed
when CO2 emission was low.
D) The centipede had its spiracles closed when carbon dioxide (CO2) emission peaked and open
when CO2 emission was low.
43) Look at the graph for Scutigerina weberi (note the scale of the y-axis) in the figure above.
What is the best interpretation of these results?
A) The centipede had its spiracles open the entire time.
B) The centipede had its spiracles closed the entire time.
C) The centipede had its spiracles open when carbon dioxide (CO2) emission peaked and closed
when CO2 emission was low.
D) The centipede had its spiracles closed when carbon dioxide (CO2) emission peaked and open
when CO2 emission was low.
44) How would a terrestrial centipede most likely benefit from the ability to close its spiracles?
Closing spiracles would _____.
A) allow the centipede to move more quickly
B) allow the centipede to retain more moisture in its tissues
C) allow the centipede to stay warmer
D) allow more oxygen from the environment to reach the centipede's tissues
45) Compare the graphs in the figure above of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission for
Cormocephalus morsitans and Scutigerina weberi. What hypothesis can you make about each
centipede's habitat?
A) C. morsitans lives in a habitat that provides more carbon dioxide than does S. weberi.
B) C. morsitans lives in a habitat with more predators than does S. weberi.
C) C. morsitans lives in a colder habitat than does S. weberi.
D) C. morsitans lives in a drier habitat than does S. weberi.
46) What would be the most direct effect of removing or damaging an insect's antennae? The
insect would have trouble _____.
A) hearing
B) mating
C) seeing
D) smelling
47) The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have a
pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed. To which
phylum does the heartworm belong?
A) Platyhelminthes
B) Arthropoda
C) Nematoda
D) Annelida
48) A terrestrial animal species is discovered with the following larval characteristics:
exoskeleton, system of tubes for gas exchange, and modified segmentation. A knowledgeable
zoologist should predict that the adults of this species would also feature _____.
A) eight legs
B) two pairs of antennae
C) a sessile lifestyle
D) an open circulatory system
49) In a tide pool, a student encounters an organism with a hard outer covering that contains
much calcium carbonate, an open circulatory system, and gills. The organism could potentially
be a crab, a shrimp, a barnacle, or a bivalve. The presence of which of the following structures
would allow for the most certain identification of the organism?
A) a mantle
B) a heart
C) a body cavity
D) a filter-feeding apparatus
Use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
Nudibranchs, a type of predatory sea slug, can have various protuberances (that is, extensions)
on their dorsal surfaces. Rhinophores are paired structures, located close to the head, which bear
many chemoreceptors. Dorsal plummules, usually located posteriorly, perform respiratory gas
exchange. Cerata usually cover much of the dorsal surface and contain nematocysts at their tips.
50) The claws (fangs) on the foremost trunk segment of centipedes have a function most similar
to that of _____.
A) rhinophores
B) dorsal plummules
C) cerata
D) chemoreceptors
51) The stingers of honeybees have a function most similar to that of _____.
A) rhinophores
B) dorsal plummules
C) cerata
D) chemoreceptors
52) The spiracles and tracheae of insects have a function most similar to that of _____.
A) rhinophores
B) dorsal plummules
C) cerata.
D) chemoreceptors
53) The antennae of insects have a function most similar to that of _____.
A) rhinophores
B) dorsal plummules
C) cerata
D) chemoreceptors
Use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
A farm pond, usually dry during winter, has plenty of water and aquatic pond life during the
summer. One summer, Sarah returns to the family farm from college. Observing the pond, she is
fascinated by some six-legged organisms that can crawl about on submerged surfaces or, when
disturbed, seemingly "jet" through the water. Watching further, she is able to conclude that the
"mystery organisms" are ambush predators, and their prey includes everything from insects to
small fish and tadpoles.
54) If the pond organisms are larvae, rather than adults, Sarah should expect them to have all of
the following structures, EXCEPT _____.
A) antennae
B) an open circulatory system
C) an exoskeleton of chitin
D) sex organs
55) Sarah observed that the mystery pond organisms never come up to the pond's surface. If she
catches one of these organisms and observes closely, perhaps dissecting the organism, she should
find _____.
A) gills
B) spiracles
C) tracheae
D) book lungs
56) As you are walking along a beach, you find an animal and believe that it belongs to the class
Asteroidea. Which of the following characteristics would support your hypothesis that the animal
is a sea star and not another type of echinoderm?
A) It is pentaradially symmetric.
B) It feeds on other animals.
C) It has a hydrostatic skeleton, formed from its water vascular system.
D) Its central region is not well-delineated from its appendages.
57) The water vascular system of echinoderms _____.
A) functions as a circulatory system that distributes nutrients to body cells
B) functions in locomotion and feeding
C) is bilateral in organization, even though the adult animal is not bilaterally symmetrical
D) is analogous to the gastrovascular cavity of flatworms
58) Which of the following combinations correctly matches a phylum to its description?
A) Echinodermata — bilateral symmetry as a larva, water vascular system
B) Nematoda — segmented worms, closed circulatory system
C) Cnidaria — flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate
D) Platyhelminthes — radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms
59) Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic?
A) Mollusca
B) Crustacea
C) Echinodermata
D) Nematoda
Use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a saltwater
aquarium. Knowing that saltwater aquaria can be quite a hassle, the teacher proceeded stepwise.
First, the teacher conditioned the water. Next, the teacher decided to stock the tank with various
marine invertebrates, including a polychaete, a siliceous sponge, several bivalves, a shrimp,
several sea anemones of different types, a colonial hydra, a few coral species, an ectoproct, a sea
star, and several herbivorous gastropod varieties. Lastly, she added some vertebrates—a
parrotfish and a clownfish. She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish.
60) The bivalves started to die one by one; only the undamaged shells remained. To keep the
remaining bivalves alive, the teacher would most likely need to remove the _____.
A) sea anemones
B) sea star
C) gastropods
D) ectoprocts
