The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a
selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but
not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium
chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M
sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same..
Refer to the figure. If you examine side A after three days, you should find _____.
A) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water
level
B) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl, an increase in water level, and no change in
the concentration of glucose
C) a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level
D) no change in the concentration of NaCl and glucose and an increase in the water
level
Cattle are able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material because
cattle _____.
A) are autotrophic
B) re-ingest their feces
C) manufacture all fifteen amino acids out of sugars in the liver
D) have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs
Flying insects typically _____.
A) decrease metabolism as much as 200-fold during flight
B) switch from diffusion of tracheal gases to active transport during flight
C) utilize high numbers of mitochondria in flight muscles
D) generate fuel molecules from catabolism of carbon dioxide
The heartworms that can accumulate within the hearts of dogs and other mammals have
a pseudocoelom, an alimentary canal, and an outer covering that is occasionally shed.
To which phylum does the heartworm belong?
A) Platyhelminthes
B) Arthropoda
C) Nematoda
D) Annelida
Which of the following is a true statement about body size and physiology?
A) The amount of food and oxygen an animal requires and the amount of heat and
waste it produces are inversely proportional to its mass.
B) The rate at which an animal uses nutrients and produces waste products is
independent of its volume.
C) Small and large animals face different physiological challenges because an animal’s
body mass increases cubically while its surface area increases as a squared function.
D) The wastes produced by an animal double as its volume doubles and triple as its
surface area triples.
A population of organisms will not evolve if _____.
A) all individual variation is due only to environmental factors
B) the environment is changing at a relatively slow rate
C) the population size is large
D) the population lives in a habitat without competing species present
What is the only type of chemical signal that does not alter the physiology of the animal
producing that signal?
A) neural
B) paracrine
C) neuroendocrine
D) pheromones
What is the definition of one map unit?
A) the physical distance between two linked genes
B) a 1% frequency of recombination between two genes
C) 1 nanometer of distance between two genes
D) the recombination frequency between two genes assorting independently
The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a
selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but
not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium
chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M
sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same..
Refer to the figure. At the beginning of the experiment,
A) side A is hypertonic to side B.
B) side A is hypotonic to side B.
C) side A is hypertonic to side B with respect to glucose.
D) side A is hypotonic to side B with respect to NaCl.
In lettuce seeds, blue light initiates germination. If you measured hormone levels within
the seed, which hormone would be produced upon exposure to blue light?
A) gibberellin
B) ethylene
C) abscisic acid
D) cytokinins
Food web for a particular terrestrial ecosystem
(arrows represent energy flow and letters represent species)
Examine this food web for a particular terrestrial ecosystem. Which species is
autotrophic?
A) A
B) C
C) D
D) E
Which of the following is most critical for the association between histones and DNA?
A) Histones are small proteins.
B) Histones are highly conserved (that is, histones are very similar in every eukaryote).
C) There are at least five different histone proteins in every eukaryote.
D) Histones are positively charged.
What is true of the fossil record of mammalian origins?
A) It shows that mammals and birds evolved from the same kind of dinosaur.
B) It includes transitional forms with progressively specialized teeth.
C) It indicates that mammals and dinosaurs did not overlap in geologic time.
D) It includes a series that shows the gradual change of scales into fur.
The figure above shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are
_____.
A) isotopes
B) enantiomers
C) cis-trans isomers
D) structural isomers
Of the following, which is the most current description of a gene?
A) a unit of heredity that causes formation of a phenotypic characteristic
B) a DNA subunit that codes for a single complete protein
C) a DNA sequence that is expressed to form a functional product: either RNA or
polypeptide
D) a discrete unit of hereditary information that consists of a sequence of amino acids
The operation of the sodium-potassium “pump” moves _____.
A) sodium and potassium ions into the cell
B) sodium and potassium ions out of the cell
C) sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out of the cell
D) sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell
Use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
In onions (Allium), cells of the sporophyte have 16 chromosomes within each nucleus.
Match the number of chromosomes present in each of the following onion tissues.
How many chromosomes should be in an embryo nucleus?
A) 8
B) 16
C) 24
D) 32
The success of plants extending their range northward following glacial retreat is best
determined by _____.
A) whether there is simultaneous migration of herbivores
B) their tolerance to shade
C) their seed dispersal rate
D) their size
The mitotic spindle is a microtubular structure that is involved in _____.
A) splitting of the cell (cytokinesis) following mitosis
B) triggering the compaction and condensation of chromosomes
C) dissolving the nuclear membrane
D) separation of sister chromatids
Most land-dwelling invertebrates and all of the amphibians _____.
A) are ectothermic organisms with variable body temperatures
B) alter their metabolic rates to maintain a constant body temperature of 37C
C) are endotherms but become thermoconformers when they are in water
D) become more active when environmental temperatures drop below 15C
Refer to the metabolic pathway illustrated above. If A, B, and C are all required for
growth, a strain that is mutant for the gene-encoding enzyme A would be able to grow
on medium supplemented with _____.
A) nutrient A only
B) nutrient B only
C) nutrient C only
D) nutrients A and C
Which of the following would be useful in creating a phylogenetic tree of a taxon?
I) morphological data from fossil species
II) genetic sequences from living species
III) behavioral data from living species
A) I
B) II
C) III
D) I, II, and III
If an African violet has chlorosis, which of the following elements might be a useful
addition to the soil?
A) molybdenum
B) copper
C) iodine
D) magnesium
When a person gets dehydrated while exercising on a hot day, their pituitary gland
releases ADH, a hormone that signals the kidneys to retain more water. This is an
example of
A) Positive feedback regulation
B) Negative feedback regulation
C) Chemical cycling
D) Emergent properties
Suppose you attend a town meeting at which some experts tell the audience that they
have performed a cost-benefit analysis of a proposed transit system that would probably
reduce overall air pollution and fossil fuel consumption. The analysis, however, reveals
that ticket prices will not cover the cost of operating the system when fuel, wages, and
equipment are taken into account. As a biologist, you know that if ecosystem services
had been included in the analysis, the experts might have arrived at a different answer.
Why are ecosystem services rarely included in economic analyses?
A) Their cost is difficult to estimate and people take them for granted.
B) They are not worth much and are usually not cost effective.
C) Ecosystem services only take into account abiotic factors that affect local
environments.
D) Federal laws of the United States exclude their inclusion in any cost benefit analysis.
The phosphate transport system in bacteria imports phosphate into the cell even when
the concentration of phosphate outside the cell is much lower than the cytoplasmic
phosphate concentration. Phosphate import depends on a pH gradient across the
membranemore acidic outside the cell than inside the cell. Phosphate transport is an
example of _____.
A) passive diffusion
B) facilitated diffusion
C) active transport
D) cotransport
Forms of the Ras protein found in tumors usually cause which of the following?
A) DNA replication to stop
B) cell-to-cell adhesion to be nonfunctional
C) cell division to cease
D) excessive cell division
A boy falls while riding his bike. A scrape on his hand almost immediately begins to
bleed and becomes red, warm, and swollen. What response is occurring?
A) inflammatory response
B) lytic response
C) adaptive immune response
D) autoimmune response
Currently the only predators of Galpagos marine iguanas are Galpagos hawks. Iguana
body size is not correlated with risk of hawk predation, although small iguanas can
sprint faster than large iguanas. If predators (for example, cats) that preferably catch
and eat slower iguanas are introduced to the island, iguana body size is likely to _____
in the absence of other factors; the iguanas would then be under _____ selection.
A) increase; directional
B) increase; disruptive
C) decrease; directional
D) decrease; disruptive
Refer to the information and figure below to answer the following question(s).
A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the
consequence of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short
antennae as the result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in the figure.
A certain female’s number 12 chromosomes both have the blue gene and number 19
chromosomes both have the long gene. As cells in her ovaries undergo meiosis, her
resulting eggs (ova) may have which of the following?
A) either two number 12 chromosomes with blue genes or two with orange genes
B) either two number 19 chromosomes with long genes or two with short genes
C) either one blue or one orange gene in addition to either one long or one short gene
D) one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene
Which portion of the figure above may ultimately be better depicted as a “ring”?
A) the bacterial lineage
B) the archaean lineage
C) the eukaryotic lineage
D) the trunk of the tree