What does the circled part of the phylogenetic tree above indicate?
A) an adaptive radiation
B) a mass extinction event
C) rapid speciation
D) an adaptive radiation and rapid speciation
Which of the following are qualities of any good scientific hypothesis?
I. It is testable.
II. It is falsifiable.
III. It produces quantitative data.
IV. It produces results that can be replicated.
A) I only
B) III only
C) I and II
D) III and IV
Arrange the following five events in an order that explains the mass flow of materials in
the phloem.
1. Water diffuses into the sieve tubes.
2. Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis.
3. Solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes.
4. Sugar is transported from cell to cell in the leaf.
5. Sugar moves down the stem.
A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 2, 4, 3, 1, 5
C) 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
D) 2, 4, 1, 3, 5
Vaccination increases the number of _____.
A) lymphocytes with receptors that can bind to the pathogen
B) epitopes that the immune system can recognize
C) macrophages specific for a pathogen
D) major histocompatability (MHC) molecules that can present an antigen
Which habitat type in the figure above makes available the most new tissue to
consumers?
A) tropical wet forest
B) open ocean
C) algal beds and reefs
D) wetlands
Use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
The most recently discovered phylum in the animal kingdom (1995) is the phylum
Cycliophora. It includes three species of tiny organisms that live in large numbers on
the outsides of the mouthparts and appendages of lobsters. The feeding stage
permanently attaches to the lobster via an adhesive disk and collects scraps of food
from its host’s feeding by capturing the scraps in a current created by a ring of cilia. The
body is sac-like and has a U-shaped intestine that brings the anus close to the mouth.
Cycliophorans are coelomates, do not molt (though their host does), and their embryos
undergo spiral cleavage.
Basing your inferences on information in the paragraph above, to which clade(s) should
cycliophorans belong?
1. Eumetazoa
2. Deuterostomia
3. Bilateria
4. Ecdysozoa
5. Lophotrochozoa
A) 1 and 3
B) 1, 3, and 5
C) 2, 3, and 4
D) 2, 3, and 5
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a carrier protein in a plasma
membrane?
A) It exhibits a specificity for a particular type of molecule.
B) It requires the expenditure of cellular energy to function.
C) It works against diffusion.
D) It has no hydrophobic regions.
The common ancestor of the protostomes had a coelom. What does this suggest?
A) All lophotrochozoans have a coelom.
B) There are no pseudocoelomates within the protostomes.
C) There are no acoelomates within the protostomes.
D) The body cavity evolved before the lophophore.
Use the following information to answer the questions below.
Nucleotides can be radiolabeled before they are incorporated into newly forming DNA
and, therefore, can be assayed to track their incorporation. In a set of experiments, a
studentfaculty research team used labeled T nucleotides and introduced these into the
culture of dividing human cells at specific times.
Which of the following questions might be answered by using the method described?
A) How many cells are produced by the culture per hour?
B) What is the length of the S phase of the cell cycle?
C) How many picograms of DNA are made per cell cycle?
D) When do spindle fibers attach to chromosomes?
In the nematode C. elegans, ced-9 prevents apoptosis in a normal cell in which of the
following ways?
A) It prevents the caspase activity of ced-3 and ced-4.
B) Ced-9 remains inactive until it is signaled by ced-3 and other caspases.
C) Ced-9 cleaves to produce ced-3 and ced-4.
D) Ced-9 prevents blebbing by its action on the cell membrane.
A fasting animal whose energy needs exceed those provided in its diet draws on its
stored resources in which order?
A) fat, then glycogen, then protein
B) glycogen, then protein, then fat
C) liver glycogen, then muscle glycogen, then fat
D) muscle glycogen, then fat, then liver glycogen
Van der Waals interactions may result when _____.
A) electrons are not symmetrically distributed in a molecule
B) molecules held by ionic bonds react with water
C) two polar covalent bonds react
D) a hydrogen atom loses an electron
Gene therapy requires _____.
A) knowledge and availability of the normal allele of the defective gene
B) the ability to introduce the normal allele into the patient
C) the ability to express the introduced gene at the correct level, time, and tissue site
within the patient
D) knowledge and availability of the normal allele of the defective gene, an ability to
introduce the normal allele into the patient, and an ability to express the introduced
gene at the correct level, and time, and tissue site within the patient
Stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales are all _____.
A) female reproductive parts
B) capable of photosynthesis
C) modified leaves
D) found on flowers
Wetlands are standing bodies of freshwater, just like lakes and ponds. However,
wetlands are different from lakes and ponds because wetlands have _____.
A) emergent vegetation
B) oxygen-poor water
C) shallow water and emergent vegetation
D) emergent vegetation and oxygen-poor water
Osteoporosis is a condition in which the density of bones is decreased so much that the
individual is at a higher risk of fractures. The more calcium in the bones, the better the
bone density. Which of the following would produce the greatest increase in bone
calcium levels?
A) calcitonin injection
B) calcitonin receptor blocker
C) parathyroid hormone injection
D) glucagon receptor blocker
Use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
A plantlike organism on the planet Pandora can have three recessive genetic traits:
bluish leaves, due to an allele (a) of gene A; a feathered stem, due to an allele (b) of
gene B; and hollow roots due to an allele (c) of gene C. The three genes are linked and
recombine as follows:
A geneticist did a testcross with an organism that had been found to be heterozygous for
the three recessive traits and she was able to identify progeny of the following
phenotypic distribution (+ = wild type):
Which of the following are the phenotypes of the parents in this cross?
A) 2 and 5
B) 1 and 6
C) 4 and 8
D) 3 and 7
A reproductive hormone that is secreted directly from a structure in the brain is _____.
A) estradiol
B) progesterone
C) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Which of the following sex and generation combinations directly produces the fruit of
angiosperms?
A) male gametophyte
B) female gametophyte
C) male sporophyte
D) female sporophyte
Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?
A) chromosome replication
B) synapsis of chromosomes
C) alignment of chromosomes at the equator
D) condensation of chromosomes
The concentrations of ions are very different inside and outside a nerve cell due to
_____.
A) osmosis
B) diffusion
C) sodium-potassium pumps
D) symports and antiports
An immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule, of whatever class, with regions symbolized as C or
V, H or L, has a light chain made up of _____.
A) one C region and one V region
B) one H region and one L region
C) three H regions and one L region
D) two C regions and two V regions
Which of the following is an example of cryptic coloration?
A) bands on a coral snake
B) brown or gray color of tree bark
C) markings of a viceroy butterfly’s wings
D) a “walking stick” insect that resembles a twig
Use this description to answer the following questions.
A major group of G protein-coupled receptors contains seven transmembrane α helices.
The amino end of the protein lies at the exterior of the plasma membrane. Loops of
amino acids connect the helices either at the exterior face or on the cytosol face of the
membrane. The loop on the cytosol side between helices 5 and 6 is usually substantially
longer than the others.
Where would you expect to find the carboxyl end?
A) at the exterior surface
B) at the cytosol surface
C) connected with the loop at H5 and H6
D) between the membrane layers
Atmospheric pressure at sea level is equal to a column of 760 mm Hg. Oxygen makes
up 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume. The partial pressure of oxygen ( ) in
such conditions is _____.
A) 160 mm Hg
B) 16 mm Hg
C) 21/760
D) 760/21
Mucus occurs in both the respiratory and digestive tracts. What is its main
immunological function?
A) sweeping away debris
B) physically trapping pathogens
C) destruction of pathogens because it is acidic
D) increasing oxygen absorption
Based on the data in the figure above, which of the following statements are correct?
I) Area 1 would be considered a desert because of its high average temperature.
II) Area 1 has more average precipitation than Area 2.
III) Area 2 would be considered a desert because of its low average precipitation.
IV) Area 2 has a larger annual temperature variation.
A) only I and III
B) only II and IV
C) only I, II, and IV
D) only II, III, and IV
People who attempted to plant Brazil nuts in hopes of establishing plantations of Brazil
nut trees played roles most similar to those of _____.
A) agoutis
B) orchid bees
C) pollen tubes
D) harpy eagles
Philippe Bouchet and colleagues conducted a massive survey of marine molluscs on the
west coast of New Caledonia. Twenty percent of the species found were represented by
a single specimen. What does that suggest about the diversity of molluscs in this area?
A) The west coast of New Caledonia is not an appropriate habitat for molluscs.
B) Many of the species from this 20 percent are probably rare.
C) They were not sampling uniformly throughout the area.
D) Many of the species from this 20 percent are most likely just dispersing through the
area.
Which of the following statements about human population in industrialized countries
are correct?
I) Life history is r-selected.
II) The population has undergone the demographic transition.
III) The survivorship curve is Type III.
IV) Age distribution is relatively uniform.
A) only I and III
B) only II and IV
C) only I, II, and IV
D) only II, III, and IV
What should be true of the cell wall of this bacterium?
A) Its innermost layer is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.
B) After it has been subjected to Gram staining, the cell should remain purple.
C) It has an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide.
D) It is mostly composed of a complex, cross-linked polysaccharide.
When Mendel crossed yellow-seeded and green-seeded pea plants, all the offspring
were yellow seeded. When he took these F1 yellow-seeded plants and crossed them to
green-seeded plants, what genotypic ratio was expected?
A) 1:2:1
B) 3:1
C) 1:1
D) 1:1:1:1
Which of the following criteria have to be met for a species to qualify as invasive?
A) endemic to the area, spreads rapidly, and displaces foreign species
B) introduced to a new area, spreads rapidly, and displaces native species
C) introduced to a new area, spreads rapidly, and displaces other invasive species
D) endemic to the area, spreads slowly, and displaces native species