Understanding Nutrition 13th Edition

1) Which of the following is known to perform an essential function in the human body? a.Carnitine b.Orotic acid c.Methoxantin d.Pangamic acid Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is NOT among the factors known to be related to the appearance of Alzheimers disease? a.An increase in free radicals b.An increase in beta-amyloid c.A decrease in acetylcholine synthesis d.A decrease in homocysteine

1) Which of the following is a characteristic of lipids? a.A quick way to spoil fats is by exposure to carbon dioxide b.Typically, the shorter the carbon chain, the firmer the fat at 75 c.Corn and sunflower oils are more prone to spoilage than palm kernel oil d.Palm oil and coconut oil are very

1) Matching 1)Intermittent hunger caused by lack of money 2)The primary cause of hunger 3)USDA program aimed at preventing or remediating domestic malnutrition and hunger for the poor 4)Name of the largest national food recovery program 5)Approximate number, in billions, of people in the world 6)Extreme scarcity of food 7)Approximate amount, in $/day, of the international poverty line

1) The relaxation of the gastroesophageal sphincter which produces a burning sensation in the esophagus is called Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] acid indigestion (heartburn)[/cpmembership] 2) Explain the medicinal uses for niacin supplements. What conditions make people more susceptible to the side effects from niacin supplements? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 306-307[/cpmembership] 3) Compare and contrast the characteristics of hair, eyes, teeth, and

1) What is biopharming? Provide an example. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 654[/cpmembership] 2) Describe the potential hazards of excessive vitamin C intake. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 325-326[/cpmembership] 3) Cholesterol is necessary for the production of many other compounds in the body but can become harmful when blood levels exceed 135 mg/dl exceed the body's ability to use it can only be controlled

1) An important aid in any weight-loss diet program is to a.decrease water intake b.increase physical activity c.speed up thyroid activity with metabolic enhancers d.develop ketosis by keeping carbohydrate intake as low as possible Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) What happens after absorption of carcinogens that are produced on meats from grilling over a direct flame? a.They are detoxified by

1) Chronic excess alcohol intake leads to all of the following effects on folate EXCEPT a.the small intestine recycles more folate b.the liver releases more folate into the blood c.the kidneys excrete more folate via the urine d.the small intestine absorbs less folate from the diet Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is a characteristic

1) Discuss consumer concerns about irradiation. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 632-633[/cpmembership] 2) Discuss ways in which dietary planning guides can be applied to ethnic diets. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 45|46[/cpmembership] 3) What dietary components might athletes in wheelchairs need less of and more of, respectively, than other athletes? Protein and carbohydrates Fat and protein kCalories and water Vitamins and minerals Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 4) Discuss the

1) You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments on vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C pill bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles to the boys. The researcher instantly informs you that there are two

1) Which of the following is currently accepted as a medical treatment in the United States? a.Radiation therapy b.Biofield therapeutics c.Orthomolecular therapy d.Microwave resonance therapy Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Sulfur is present in practically all a.vitamins b.proteins c.fatty acids d.carbohydrates Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) In what organ does the digestion process begin? a.Mouth b.Stomach c.Duodenum d.Jejunum-ileum Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 4) What protein is intimately involved in the formation of scar tissue in

1) What primary factor governs the quality of a food protein? a.Fat content b.Essential amino acid content c.Complex carbohydrate content d.Nonessential amino acid content Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is a feature of the electron transport chain? a.It captures energy in the high-energy bonds of ATP b.It pumps carbon dioxide across the mitochondrial membrane c.It is composed

1) The industrial application of heat to inactivate most but not all bacteria in a food is commonly known as a.sanitization b.sterilization c.pasteurization d.depathogenation Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) What is another name for bovine spongiform encephalopathy? a.Toxoplasmosis b.Mad cow disease c.Type 2 Alzheimer's d.Hypercephalopathy Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) A major side effect from the regular use of some antipsychotics, antidepressants, and corticosteroids is a.anemia b.chronic constipation c.substantial weight gain d.insomnia,

1) How is fiber thought to exert an influence over cancer of the colon? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 116[/cpmembership] 2) In the proper sequence, describe the three stages in the development of iron deficiency. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 409[/cpmembership] 3) Discuss the role of dietary cholesterol and the endogenous production of cholesterol and heart disease. What is meant by good

1) About how many kcal are supplied by 8 oz of the typical sports drink? a.5-10 b.50-100 c.250-500 d.500-1,000 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following nutrients are required in higher amounts during pregnancy due to their roles in the synthesis of red blood cells? a.Protein and chromium b.Folate and vitamin B12 c.Calcium and vitamin A d.Vitamin E and vitamin C Answer:[cpmembership

1) Which of the following ages (years) is typically associated with people having the densest bone? a.15 b.28 c.35 d.46 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) What is the chief protein in human breast milk? a.Casein b.Lactose c.Albumin d.Alpha-lactalbumin Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 3) Of the following types of seafood, which should be consumed in the smallest amount by pregnant and lactating women? a.Shrimp b.Canned light tuna c.Pollack and catfish d.White albacore tuna Answer:[cpmembership

1) What is the first organ to receive carbohydrates absorbed from the intestine? a.Heart b.Liver c.Pancreas d.Skeletal muscle Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Approximately what percentage decline in basal metabolism is seen in an 80-year-old person compared with a 40-year-old? a.1-2 b.2-4 c.4-8 d.8-16 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following represents the results of well-controlled studies of vitamin C supplementation on the resistance to, and

1) Which of the following describes a fatty acid that has one double bond? a.Saturated b.Hydrogenated c.Monounsaturated d.Polyunsaturated Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following describes a trend of worldwide obesity? a.Nowadays, obesity is not seen in developing countries b.Prevalence of obesity has leveled out in the last few years in the U.S c.The cut-off figure of the BMI

1) Which of the following is NOT among the associations between smoking and coronary heart disease? a.Smoking damages platelets b.Smoking increases blood pressure c.Smoking as a risk factor for CHD is the same for women and men d.Cessation of smoking begins to lower the risk of CHD after 36 months Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) The first dietary objective

1) Ranking foods according to their overall nutrient composition is known as a.biological value b.nutrient profiling c.the risk reduction score d.the healthy eating index Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamin K nutrition? a.Deficiency may lead to hemophilia b.Toxicity may increase risk for hemophilia c.Absorption is inhibited when bile production diminishes d.Supplements are highly effective

1) All of the following are characteristics of electrolyte metabolism in sports EXCEPT a.the trained athlete actually loses fewer electrolytes than the untrained person b.replenishment of lost electrolytes in most athletes can be accomplished by ingesting a regular diet c.sweating leads to significant losses of calcium, sulfur, and chromium, which can be replaced by including

1) A persons level of C-reactive protein appears to be a strong predictor for a.cancer b.diabetes c.a heart attack d.HIV progression Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Glycolysis is the conversion of a.glycogen to fat b.glycogen to protein c.glucose to pyruvate d.glucose to glycogen Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) All of the following are features of the process of nutrient enrichment of flours EXCEPT a.it includes products such as

1) Discuss the importance of mercury in the food chain. What population groups are most susceptible to mercury toxicity? What are the recommendations concerning consumption of foods containing mercury? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 634-635|636[/cpmembership] 2) The nutrient that provides the most concentrated form of energy and carries essential vitamins along with it is carbohydrate minerals fat protein Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) Children with insulin-dependent

1) Summarize the trends in overweight and obesity in the United States and worldwide. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 261-262[/cpmembership] 2) The statement that best characterizes fiber with regard to its positive impact on the prevention of cancer is: eat soluble fiber, such as oat bran, to reduce cancer risk eat insoluble fiber, such as wheat bran, to

1) Present a sound diet plan for weight gain in the underweight person. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 286[/cpmembership] 2) Some research shows that introducing fruits before vegetables will cause the infant to develop a sweet tooth causes more allergic reactions has little impact on future food preferences causes excess weight gain in the infant Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) Explain the role

1) What is the approximate body mass index of a woman who is 55 and 125 lbs? a.21 b.26 c.31 d.36 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is characteristic of the tocopherols? a.Good food sources include lean meats and dairy b.The various tocopherols perform similar roles in the body c.They are usually found in foods high in polyunsaturated

1) Describe the major aspects of nutrition labeling regulations. List the information that must be displayed on food labels. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 53-55[/cpmembership] 2) Explain the processes involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 586-588[/cpmembership] 3) What are the meaning, significance, and utility of discretionary kcalories in the USDA Food Patterns? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 44[/cpmembership] 4) What are the

1) Which of the following is a feature of the substance BHT? a.It is a food antimicrobial b.It is a common food colorant c.It contributes significantly to the total additive intake from the diet d.It decreases cancer formation when given in large amounts to animals exposed to carcinogens Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following statements describes

1) The most common cause of iodine deficiency is a.insufficient intake of iodine from foods b.overconsumption of other trace elements c.overconsumption of anti-thyroid substances d.pituitary deficiencies of thyroid-stimulating hormone Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following describes the nutrient needs of older people? a.They vary according to individual histories b.They remain the same as in young adult life c.They

a. List the six nutrients contained in food and a major use of each nutrient. b. Identify the energy-providing nutrients and calculate the energy available from foods. a. List the six nutrients contained in food and a major use of each nutrient. b. Identify the energy-providing nutrients and calculate the

a. List and apply the six principles of diet-planning. b. Apply the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans to promote health and prevent chronic disease. a. List and apply the six principles of diet-planning. b. Apply the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans to promote health and prevent chronic disease. a. List

c. List the five organs and their secretions which assist in the breakdown of food. d. List the secretions that break down carbohydrates. e. List the secretions that break down protein. f. List the secretions that break down fat. 3.2 Describe the anatomical details of the intestinal cells that facilitate

53 Chapter 4 The Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibers Learning Objectives After completing Chapter 4, the student will be able to: 4.1 Identify the monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides common in nutrition by their chemical structures and major food sources. a. Classify carbohydrates as mono-, di-, or polysaccharides. b.

64 Worksheet 4-2: Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load Glycemic Index Factors Glycemic Load A method of classifying foods according to their potential for raising blood glucose as determined by the rate of their absorption. Definition A method of using the glycemic index as the basis for understanding

87 4. Trans-fatty acids behave more like saturated fats than unsaturated fats within the body. They raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol (at high intakes), and seem to increase inflammation and insulin resistance. Dietary trans-fatty acids are associated with heart disease risk. 5. Answers will vary. 87 4. Trans-fatty

75 Chapter 5 The Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols Learning Objectives After completing Chapter 5, the student will be able to: 5.1 Recognize the chemistry of fatty acids and triglycerides and differences between saturated and unsaturated fats. a. Describe the structure of a fatty acid and the effects

a. Describe how the chemical structure of proteins differs from the structures of carbohydrates and fats. b. List the 9 essential amino acids. a. Describe how the chemical structure of proteins differs from the structures of carbohydrates and fats. b. List the 9 essential amino acids. a. Describe how the

energy released during their breakdown. a. Discuss the chemical reactions that occur within the body, including metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism. energy released during their breakdown. a. Discuss the chemical reactions that occur within the body, including metabolism, anabolism, and catabolism. energy released during their breakdown. a. Discuss the chemical reactions

a. Explain the basal metabolic rate and the factors that affect it. b. Discuss the role of physical activity in balancing the energy budget. c. Use equations and tables to determine energy requirements. a. Explain the basal metabolic rate and the factors that affect it. b. Discuss the role of

145 New! Handout 9-5: The Claims and Truths of Fad Diets New! Handout 9-6: Guidelines for Identifying Fad Diets and Other Weight-Loss Scams 1 Worksheets 9-1, 9-2, and 9-3 contributed by Daryle Wane. 2 Worksheet 9-6 and Handouts 9-1, 9-2, 9-3, 9-4, 9-5, 9-6, 9-7, and 9-8 contributed by

159 Worksheet 9-3: Learn to Shape Up (Internet Exercise) Go to the following website to answer questions 1-10: http://www.shapeup.org/shape/sud10index.php. Do NOT close the window until you are finished answering all of the questions. You will have to click on each step of the sequence process including the introduction.

172 Chapter 10 The Water-Soluble Vitamins: B Vitamins and Vitamin C Learning Objectives After completing Chapter 10, the student will be able to: 10.1 Describe how vitamins differ from the energy nutrients and how fat-soluble vitamins differ from water-soluble vitamins. 10.1 Describe how vitamins differ from the energy

184 Study Card 10 Answer Key 1. c 2. a 3. Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, and pantothenic acid are involved in energy metabolism. Vitamin B6 is involved in protein metabolism. Folate and vitamin B12 are involved in cell division. 3. Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, and pantothenic acid are involved

11.3 Identify the main roles, deficiency symptoms, and food sources for vitamin E. 11.4 Identify the main roles, deficiency symptoms, and sources for vitamin K. 11.5 Describe how antioxidants defend against free radicals that contribute to diseases. a. Define the term free radical and explain its role in the development

208 Chapter 12 Water and the Major Minerals Learning Objectives After completing Chapter 12, the student will be able to: 12.1 Explain how the body regulates fluid balance. a. List the uses of water in the body. b. Describe water balance and the sources of water for the

219 minimum of about 500 mL or ~2 cups per day) plus additional water as needed to balance intake in the urine. In addition to urine, water is lost from the lungs as vapor and from the skin as sweat; some is also lost in feces. 3. Antidiuretic hormone

13.1 Summarize key factors unique to the trace minerals. 13.1 Summarize key factors unique to the trace minerals. 13.1 Summarize key factors unique to the trace minerals. a. Discuss factors that affect the absorption of trace minerals from foods. b. Explain how trace minerals are transported, recycled, and metabolized in

14.1 Describe the health benefits of being physically fit and explain how to develop the components of fitness. 14.1 Describe the health benefits of being physically fit and explain how to develop the components of fitness. 14.1 Describe the health benefits of being physically fit and explain how to develop

15.1 List the ways men and women can prepare for a healthy pregnancy. 15.1 List the ways men and women can prepare for a healthy pregnancy. 15.1 List the ways men and women can prepare for a healthy pregnancy. critical periods. a. Describe placental development and the importance of critical

infants diet. 16.2 Explain how childrens appetites and nutrient needs reflect their stage of growth and why iron deficiency and obesity are often concerns during childhood. a. Explain the nutritional needs of young children, including energy, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water. b. Discuss the effect of nutritional deficiency on

a. List the lifestyle behaviors that have an impact on health and aging. b. Discuss the research on energy restriction and aging. a. List the lifestyle behaviors that have an impact on health and aging. b. Discuss the research on energy restriction and aging. a. List the lifestyle behaviors that

in immunity. a. Describe the immune system and the cells that compose it. b. Identify nutrients that are known to enhance immunity. in immunity. a. Describe the immune system and the cells that compose it. b. Identify nutrients that are known to enhance immunity. in immunity. a. Describe the immune

a. Discuss foodborne infections and intoxications and common pathogens in each classification. b. List food production and preparation strategies that help to prevent foodborne illness. c. Discuss food irradiation, including benefits and risks. a. Discuss foodborne infections and intoxications and common pathogens in each classification. b. List food production and

a. Discuss food insecurity and hunger in the United States and their causes. b. Identify the federal, state, and community programs available to combat hunger. a. Discuss food insecurity and hunger in the United States and their causes. b. Identify the federal, state, and community programs available to combat hunger.

1) Discuss iodine availability and sources of iodine in the U.S. diet. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 418-419[/cpmembership] 2) Describe how fatty acids may differ in terms of chain length, saturation and unsaturation, position of the first double bond, and effects of partial hydrogenation, and explain how these differences influence the characteristics of the fatty acids. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page

1) When a balanced diet is consumed, approximately what percentage of the bodys energy expenditure is furnished by amino acids? a.1 to 5 b.10 to 15 c.25 to 35 d.50 to 65 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is NOT among the features of monosodium glutamate in foods? a.It is a GRAS ingredient b.It is not allowed in infant

1) A triglyceride always contains 3 a.carbons b.glycerols c.fatty acids d.double bonds Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is NOT a function of hydrochloric acid in digestion/absorption? a.It kills bacteria b.It activates pancreatic lipase c.It activates a proteolytic enzyme d.It promotes hydrolysis of dietary protein Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following is the most likely side effect of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet? a.Diarrhea b.Increased

1) To help maximize the long-term success of a persons weight-loss program, which of the following personal attitudes should be encouraged in the individual? a.Strongly believing that weight can be lost b.Viewing the body realistically as being fat rather than thin c.Refraining from expressing overconfidence in ability to lose weight d.Accepting that little or no

1) What is the term for the developing infant from the eighth week after conception until birth? a.Fetus b.Ovum c.Zygote d.Embryo Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Water that has the odor of rotten eggs is most likely contaminated with a.sulfur b.dioxins c.Giardia d.Cryptosporidium Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following is a feature of the minerals in nutrition? a.Some minerals are destroyed by heat b.Some minerals are

1) Discuss the association between maternal malnutrition and the increased risk for development of diabetes in her offspring. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 474-475[/cpmembership] 2) Compare and contrast the theory, strong points, and weak points of the Atkins diet with those of the Ornish diet. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 292-293|294[/cpmembership] 3) By eating a high carbohydrate diet the day before any

1) Compared to healthy people, AIDS patients require a higher intake of carbohydrate protein fat vitamins Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) A person who has lived with diabetes for 20 - 40 years is more likely to have complications associated with the disease is not likely to suffer any more ill effects than a younger person with the disease should pay

1) Exercise and nutrition are important components of a sound program for physically challenged people because they are investments in good physical health help support a positive mental health help people face the challenges of life and achieve dreams all of the above Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) What body system appears to improve when elderly people take vitamin

1) Sugar and salt are used as antimicrobial agents in foods because they prevent microbial use of the foods a.fat b.water c.protein d.carbohydrate Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Magnesium is known to be involved in all of the following EXCEPT a.blood clotting b.muscle contraction c.prevention of dental caries d.production of red blood cells Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 3) What nutrient makes up most of the endosperm section

1) What is the most common source of bottled water? a.Glacier run-off b.Springs and wells c.Rivers in the wilderness d.Municipal water supplies Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) For optimal breast-feeding benefits, it is recommended that the infant be encouraged to suckle on the first breast offered a.for about 1-2 minutes b.for no more than 5 minutes c.before he shows signs of hunger d.until

1) Beriberi results from a deficiency of a.niacin b.thiamin c.vitamin C d.vitamin B12 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Your uncle Carlos has survived two heart attacks, and recently asked if he might be deficient in selenium, which he had just heard is essential to heart health. You are aware of his food habits and explain that his condition could not

1) What are the chief concerns with the use of antibiotics in livestock? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 648[/cpmembership] 2) Discuss the role of diet in the possible prevention and treatment of HIV infection and AIDS. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 584[/cpmembership] 3) List and explain four common methods of food recovery. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 663[/cpmembership] 4) Describe the type of diet associated with

1) Approximately what percentage of the bodys store of vitamin K is derived from GI tract bacterial synthesis? a.Less than 5 b.25 c.50 d.85 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) What is reflux? a.Hard, dry, stools b.Backward flow of chyme c.Soft, poorly formed stools d.The mixture of bile and pancreatic juice Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Adequate Intake

1) Discuss the role of peer pressure in shaping food preferences of adolescents. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 540[/cpmembership] 2) Discuss the effects of food allergies and food intolerances on nutritional status. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 524-526[/cpmembership] 3) Explain the modes of action of vitamin C. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 323-324[/cpmembership] 4) Discuss optimal composition and timing of pregame and postgame meals. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page

1) To qualify for successful weight-loss maintenance, a 200-pound person who intentionally lost 20 lbs must hold the loss for at least a.3 months b.6 months c.1 year d.2 years Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Abnormally low blood sodium concentration is known specifically as a.hypertension b.hyponatremia c.hyperkalemia d.water intoxication Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) What is the primary mechanism associated with the role of fluoride in prevention

1) Which of the following fish is generally highest in mercury? a.Shark b.Catfish c.Salmon d.Canned light tuna Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is a property of chlorination of the public water system? a.It has a high cost to benefit ratio b.It imparts a pleasant taste to the water c.It reduces dental caries formation in children d.It is associated

1) What term defines the condition of infant tooth deterioration resulting from chronic exposure to carbohydrate-rich fluids from a bottle? a.Juice bottle erosion b.Suckling enamelosis c.Formula-induced gingivitis d.Nursing bottle tooth decay Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) After sitting through a two-hour lecture in math, your stomach is growling. You have just learned about surface area and its role in mathematics.

1) A child diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia would most likely benefit from increasing his or her consumption of a.milk b.red meat c.fresh fruits d.yellow vegetables Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) A major feature of the Mediterranean diet is liberal intake of a.eggs b.olive oil c.lean meat d.fortified butter Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) What is a chief function of the B vitamins? a.Antioxidation b.Anticoagulation c.Antibody stabilization d.Coenzyme participation Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 4) A graph

1) As you sit in the waiting room of a doctors office leafing through a magazine, you see a letter to the editor about world hunger. In it, the author takes issue with a statement made in a previous issue that stated, and thus, hunger worsens poverty.... The letter writer claims that this

1) Why are fad diets so popular? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 292-294[/cpmembership] 2) People with high waist-to-hip ratios have a higher risk for heart disease and are characterized by shape as "apples." 'slugs." "pears." 'sloths." Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 3) Stress in the mother who breastfeeds has been shown to inhibit the quality of milk produced cause greater milk production inhibit the let-down reflex cause weight loss

1) Which of the following defines a moderate level of alcohol intake per day for the average-sized woman? a.Up to 1 drink b.Up to 2 drinks c.Up to 3 drinks d.Up to 5 drinks Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) A persons VO2 max is the maximum a.velocity on a treadmill test b.rate of oxygen consumption c.intake of oxygen while at rest d.intake of

1) A meal providing 1200 kcalories contains 10 g of saturated fats, 14 g of monounsaturated fats, and 20 g of polyunsaturated fats. What is the percentage of energy supplied by the lipids? a.22 b.33 c.44 d.55 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Approximately what percent of people with high blood pressure are sensitive to salt? a.5-10 b.15-25 c.30-50 d.100 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following

1) What is the major cause of iron deficiency? a.Blood loss b.Poor nutrition c.Hereditary defect d.Parasitic infections of the GI tract Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is a prominent feature of mild iodine deficiency in children? a.Demineralization b.Growth retardation c.Discoloration of teeth d.Poor performance in school Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 3) Large doses of nicotinic acid are known to result in all

1) Matching: 1>Percentage of U.S. adults considered overweight or obese 2>An enzyme that promotes fat storage 3>A term that describes environmental influences that promote weight gain 4>A theory that the body tends to maintain a certain weight by internal controls 5>Substitution of positive, supportive thoughts for negative, self-defeating thoughts 6>Hormone that regulates appetite in response to

1) Which among the following is most commonly deficient in the worldwide population? a.Zinc b.Folate c.Calcium d.Vitamin C Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is NOT among the features of the fat-soluble vitamins? a.Require bile for absorption b.Found in the fat and oily parts of foods c.Transported permanently to the liver and adipose tissue d.Pose a greater risk for developing

1) What is intestinal ischemia? a.Reduced blood flow to the intestines b.Chronic episodes of reverse peristalsis c.Construction of intestinal lymph supply d.Inflammation of two or more sphincter muscles Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following sources of nutrition for infants is least likely to become contaminated with microorganisms? a.Soy formula b.Breast milk c.Iron-fortified formula d.Liquid concentrate formula Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) During digestion of

1) Which of the following is most likely to result from insufficient intake of fiber? a.Diarrhea b.Bloating c.Constipation d.Pancreatitis Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is responsible for transporting vitamin A from the liver to other tissues? a.Albumin b.Rhodopsin c.Retinol-binding protein d.Transcarotenoid protein Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following items is NOT among common foods approved for irradiation? a.Eggs b.Milk c.Wheat d.Strawberries Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 4) Which of the

1) Which of the following is a common source of lead poisoning in infants? a.Maternal passage of lead to fetus b.Baby bottles made from lead crystal c.Contaminated water used to make infant formula d.Preparation of infant formula in galvanized containers Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) At the end of your class presentation on Acute Malnutrition, a student asks

1) In the body, water that resides between cells is known as a.diuretic fluid b.interstitial fluid c.edematous fluid d.intravascular fluid Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Two or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the consumption of a common food is termed a(n) a.rash b.outbreak c.epidemic d.toxic incidence Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following is an organic nutrient? a.Fat b.Water c.Oxygen d.Calcium Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 4) Which of the following

1) What structure controls the release of material from the stomach to the small intestine? a.Ileocecal valve b.Pyloric sphincter c.Diaphragmatic valve d.Esophageal sphincter Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Diseases of poverty are known to include all of the following EXCEPT a.cholera. b.diabetes. c.dysentery. d.whooping cough. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following is NOT among the most common symptoms of foodborne infection? a.Fever b.Cramps c.Diarrhea d.Double vision Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 4) Approximately how

1) Why are fermented soy products, sea algae, and most nutritional yeast products poor sources of vitamin B12? a.The vitamin is not in a bioavailable form b.These foods contain high amounts of antiintrinsic factor c.The vitamin is readily destroyed by the presence of microbes d.These foods contain high levels of folate, which inhibits B12 absorption Answer:[cpmembership

1) To convert the number of tocopherol equivalents to alpha-tocopherol, multiply by the factor a.0.8 b.1.4 c.2.0 d.3.3 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) A person wishing to increase consumption of polyunsaturated fats should choose a.coconut oil b.beef products c.vegetable oils d.dairy products Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) When consumed in excess, which of the following is most likely to lead to diarrhea? a.Fiber b.Sucrose c.Wheat starch d.Sugar alcohols Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 4) Margarine enriched

1) What organ provides the major control for homeostasis of body fluids? a.Liver b.Heart c.Kidneys d.Skeletal muscle Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) In comparison to the well-defined structure of starch, which of the following is the most important factor that allows for the synthesis of thousands of different proteins? a.Number of cell ribosomes b.Number of different amino acids c.Availability of amino acids

1) Describe psychological problems encountered by obese people in their attempts to lose weight. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 269[/cpmembership] 2) Outline the recommendations for reducing the risk of coronary heart disease. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 591-594[/cpmembership] 3) Discuss the characteristics of binge-eating disorder. What is known about its treatment? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 257-258[/cpmembership] 4) Among the reasons young mothers lose sight of personal

1) Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of food safety in the kitchen? a.Cooks should refrain from washing meat and poultry b.Leftover food from a meal should be promptly refrigerated c.Hand washing is significantly more effective than hand sanitizers in decreasing bacterial contamination d.After each step of food preparation, countertops, cutting boards, and

1) Discuss the consequences of maternal alcohol intake on fetal development. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 501-502[/cpmembership] 2) Contrast the properties of minerals with those of vitamins. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 377-378[/cpmembership] 3) What factors account for the above average intake of iodine by many people in the U.S. population? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 418-419[/cpmembership] 4) One way to manage fruits and vegetables on

1) Riboflavin needs are more difficult to meet when the diet is low in a.meats b.grains c.vegetables d.dairy foods Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) The single most effective way to teach nutrition to children is by a.example b.punishment c.singling out only hazardous nutrition practices for attention d.explaining the importance of eating new foods as a prerequisite for dessert Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 3) What is the

1) Discuss the advantages of obtaining foods grown locally versus globally. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] page 680-682[/cpmembership] 2) Compare the recommended weight gains for pregnancy in women who, at conception, are normal weight, underweight, overweight, or obese. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 476-477[/cpmembership] 3) What are the adverse effects on vitamin metabolism from use of methotrexate and isoniazid? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 577[/cpmembership] 4) Which vitamin

1) The bodys amino acid pool consists of a.essential amino acids only b.endogenous amino acids only c.nonessential amino acids only d.both essential and nonessential amino acids Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) What is the AMDR for fat? a.10-30% b.20-35% c.40-55% d.60-75% Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following are common early symptoms of hypothermia in athletes? a.Headache and nausea b.Apathy and shivering c.Confusion and delirium d.Dizziness and clumsiness Answer:[cpmembership

1) The rare genetic disorders Menkes disease and Wilsons disease result from abnormal utilization of a.iron b.zinc c.copper d.manganese Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Luciannas energy requirement is 1600 kcal/day. What is her personal Daily Value for saturated fat? a.17 g b.20 g c.53 g d.65 g Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 3) In the average person, the amount of stored glycogen represents how many kcal? a.500 b.1000 c.2000 d.4000 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 4) What is

1) Discuss factors that influence the bioavailability of dietary iron. What are good sources of bioavailable iron? What factors interfere with iron absorption? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 406-407|412-414[/cpmembership] 2) Simplesse is a fat substitute made of protein particles whipped egg whites blended sugars sugar with a fatty acid Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 3) On the average and compared to men, women tend to

1) Explain the possible links between dietary fat intake and cancer. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 148[/cpmembership] 2) What practices should be avoided during pregnancy and why? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 489-491[/cpmembership] 3) Compare and contrast the rationales underlying dietary recommendations for individuals versus those for populations. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 20-21[/cpmembership] 4) Relative to muscle mass, which of the following nutrients should be

1) Which of the following conditions is associated with edema? a.Excessive use of certain drugs, which causes high excretion of water and amino acids b.Above-normal concentration of blood proteins, which causes fluid to leak from the blood vessels c.Diminished concentration of the blood protein albumin, which causes fluid to leak from the blood vessels d.Excessive protein

1) Which of the following is the primary factor in the development of milk anemia? a.Impaired absorption of iron b.Excessive intake of cows milk c.Low iron content of breast milk d.Insufficient intake of whole cows milk Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following vitamins has an RDA? a.Biotin b.Choline c.Cobalamin d.Pantothenic acid Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) What is the RDA for folate for

1) In pregnancy, a large weight gain over a short time period is evidence of a.edema b.poor glycemic control c.insufficient physical activity d.development of neural tube defects Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) The formation of glycogen by the liver cell is an example of a.oxidation b.glycolysis c.anabolism d.catabolism Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following accounts for the higher energy density of a fatty

1) Compare and contrast the various ways in which the body metabolizes carbohydrate, fat, and amino acids. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 203-208[/cpmembership] 2) When people go on high-fiber diets and reduce their blood cholesterol by as little as 10%, they can reduce their risk for heart attack by Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] 20%[/cpmembership] 3) The recommended age to introduce cow's milk

1) Which of the following describes an association between body weight and mortality? a.Obesity is the fourth leading cause of premature death b.Overweight men who are physically fit have a lower mortality risk than normal-weight, unfit men c.Normal-weight men who are physically unfit have a similar mortality risk versus normal-weight fit men d.The amount of weight

1) How does the body respond to intake of the same simple carbohydrates when consumed in solid form versus liquid form? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 125[/cpmembership] 2) List three major pathogenic microbes that are transmitted by foods; describe their food sources, symptoms of sickness, and methods of prevention. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 625[/cpmembership] 3) What happens to the body when

1) What is meant by protein turnover? a.Nitrogen equilibrium b.The antibody-antigen complex c.The synthesis and degradation of body proteins d.The secondary structure of proteins that initiates folding Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following risk factors for disease may be modified by diet? a.Age b.Gender c.Heredity d.Low HDL level Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 3) All of the following may serve as precursors for oxaloacetate

1) What are the criticisms of the MyPlate? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 46[/cpmembership] 2) Nearly every chemical reaction in the body occurs in an environment consisting of water minerals carbohydrate fat Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 3) List the sources of water intake and loss and the approximate amounts associated with each. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 368-370[/cpmembership] 4) Discuss five environmental problems that limit food production. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 670-673[/cpmembership] 5)

1) Discuss the role of medications in the treatment of high blood pressure. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 597[/cpmembership] 2) Factors that affect food intake include genetics. hunger and appetite. age. all of the above. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 3) Explain the role of the FDA in regulating food produced through biotechnology. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 655-656[/cpmembership] 4) Which of the following foods that delay gastric emptying

1) The absorption of which of the following vitamins is most affected by the disorder atrophic gastritis? a.Choline b.Vitamin C c.Vitamin B12 d.Pantothenic acid Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is NOT a common use for added sugars in the diet? a.Flavor enhancement b.Preservative in jams c.Balances the acidity of tomato-based products d.Provides a fermentable source of carbohydrates for GI

1) Which of the following is a feature of aerobic metabolism? a.Little or no oxygen is consumed b.Lactic acid is a major byproduct c.Energy is produced more slowly than in anaerobic metabolism d.Pyruvate is converted to glucose by reverse glycolysis to yield a net of 2 ATPs Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is a

1) What are potential hazards of consuming too much fiber? Give examples of the circumstances, conditions, and forms in which a person might ingest large amounts of fiber. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 117-118[/cpmembership] 2) Discuss the safety and efficacy of liposuction as a means of body fat reduction. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 271[/cpmembership] 3) Present examples of food crops that

1) Why do many people and especially athletes believe in ergogenic aids? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 463[/cpmembership] 2) Discuss the essential nature of selenium. Where and why are deficiencies observed in the world? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 419-420[/cpmembership] 3) Discuss the similarities between vitamins C and E in defending against heart disease. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 361-362[/cpmembership] 4) What is the primary reason

1) What is the average yearly intake (gallons) per person of bottled water in the United States? a.1 b.5 c.25 d.45 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) People are said to be constipated when they experience a.painful or difficult bowel movements b.reflux more than three times a month c.more than a day without a bowel movement d.soft or watery bowel movements with little notice Answer:[cpmembership

1) All of the following assumptions are made by the committee in setting the RDA for protein EXCEPT a.adequate kcalories will be consumed b.protein eaten will be of mixed quality c.the fat content of the diet will be high d.other nutrients in the diet will be adequate Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is a characteristic

1) As far as cooking vegetables is concerned, the key in preventing vitamin losses is to cook until soft to the touch not overcook--keep slightly crisp use a lot of water when cooking drink the water in which the vegetables were cooked Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) List the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics nutrition standards for meal

1) Regarding sodium intake, an average adult only needs 5 grams/day or 1 teaspoon 5000 milligrams/day or 1 teaspoon 500 milligrams/day or 1/10 of a teaspoon a and b Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) As a way to lose weight, "yo-yo" diets may produce quick weight loss with a subsequent higher regain of weight but no permanent weight lost and may

1) The diseases most common today include all of the following EXCEPT a.cancer b.diabetes c.tuberculosis d.heart disease Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) In kwashiorkor, the loss of hair color is indirectly related to a.inadequate intake of tyrosine. b.elevated levels of blood homocysteine. c.excessive exposure to the suns UV rays. d.being nursed by a poorly-nourished mother. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 3) In the body, lead is known

1) What is the primary organ that metabolizes fructose and galactose following absorption? a.Liver b.Pancreas c.Skeletal muscle d.Small intestines Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) People who have frequent, regular bouts of heartburn and indigestion have a medical condition known as a.colitis b.watery stools c.lymphatic malabsorption d.gastroesophageal reflux Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following has been shown to improve absorption of iron from iron supplements? a.Taking then with

1) List and discuss the causes of hunger in the United States. What population groups are most vulnerable? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 661[/cpmembership] 2) Discuss the influence of prenatal malnutrition on the appearance of degenerative diseases in the later life of the child. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 473-475[/cpmembership] 3) Discuss the importance of sodium nutrition for the athlete. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 455[/cpmembership] 4)

1) Which of the following is a feature of the minerals as nutrients? a.They are organic b.They yield 4 kcalories per gram c.Some become dissolved in body fluids d.Some may be destroyed during cooking Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is NOT a common dietary source of carbohydrate? a.Starch b.Maltose c.Cellulose d.Glycogen Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 3) In the otherwise stable person with

1) A.Explain the education and training requirements associated with obtaining registration as a dietitian. B.List several career areas in which registered dietitians are often employed. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 30-31[/cpmembership] 2) Irreversible nerve damage has been reported in people taking large doses of vitamin a.B1 b.B2 c.B6 d.B12 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following is a characteristic of the adolescent period? a.Obesity

1) Discuss the role of modern-day political crises as the primary cause of worldwide food shortages. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] page 664[/cpmembership] 2) Explain the association of leptin and bone health. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 399[/cpmembership] 3) Explain the relationship between eating disorders and osteoporosis in female athletes. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 253[/cpmembership] 4) If you wanted to reduce the fat and kcalories in mashed

1) Which of the following is NOT the same as fat-free milk? a.Skim milk b.No-fat milk c.1% milk d.Non-fat milk Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Five cans of soft drinks provide approximately how many kcalories? a.25 b.125 c.415 d.750 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following is a characteristic of chromium in nutrition? a.A deficiency leads to hypothyroidism b.Supplements are well known to be helpful c.Whole grains

1) Which of the following is a characteristic of the appendix? a.It ferments fiber b.It stores lymph cells c.It slows down peristalsis d.It stores preformed stools Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following terms describes an immune system that is inefficient and overactive in the aged? a.Inflammaging b.Dysphagic cell mass c.Sarcopenic undermining d.Endentulous-induced wasting Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 3) What are the odds that an

1) The normal resting pulse rate (beats per minute) for adults is approximately a.50 b.70 c.95 d.140 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) The flavor enhancer MSG represents a dietary source of a.sulfite b.sodium c.acrylamide d.bicarbonate Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following may best explain the relationship between excess body fat and higher risk for cancers of the female reproductive system? a.Obese women are more sedentary,

1) By what age do most people first have well-developed arterial plaque? a.30 b.40 c.50 d.60 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) What vitamin forms a part of coenzyme A? a.Biotin b.Folate c.Riboflavin d.Pantothenic acid Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following is a characteristic of fat in the diet of children? a.The recommended daily fat intake up to age 12 is age plus 20 g b.There

1) Discuss the association between marginal vitamin B12 deficiency and cognitive function. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 316-317[/cpmembership] 2) The most common cause of iron overload is an injury to the GI tract a genetic predisposition excessive use of iron cookware excessive use of iron supplements Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) Explain the meaning and significance of the downward spiral of malnutrition and disease. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page

1) Which of the following is NOT a classification for the food additives mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol? a.Polyols b.Sugar alcohols c.Alternative sweeteners d.Artificial sweeteners Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is NOT known to result from excessive zinc intake? a.Inhibition of iron absorption b.Galvanized liver and kidneys c.Inhibition of copper absorption d.Decreases in high-density lipoproteins Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) The enrichment of grain

1) Gluconeogenesis is a term that describes the synthesis of a.amino acids from glucose b.lactose from a source of sucrose c.fat from excess carbohydrate intake d.glucose from a noncarbohydrate substance Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) If a person consumes 65 grams of protein and a total of 2700 kcalories per day, approximately what percentage of energy would be derived

1) Although eating fish supports heart health and fish provides many vitamins and minerals, it is notably poor in a.iron b.protein c.unsaturated fats d.omega-3 fatty acids Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is the primary cause for hunger in the United States and in less developed countries? a.Poverty b.High cost of food c.Excessive food waste d.Lack of nutrition education Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 3) What

1) Why is it important to vary intake of foods within the same food group from day to day? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 38[/cpmembership] 2) How are supplements of vitamins C and E thought to benefit individuals who have risk factors for heart disease? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 361-363[/cpmembership] 3) As you age there is less of a need for

1) Other factors that can "get in the way" of achieving goals regarding lifestyle and nutrition changes include sessions with a health professional taking a course in nutrition jobs and everyday stresses all of the above Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) 0Supplementation of folic acid is known to prevent eclampsia in pregnant women gestational diabetes in pregnant women spina bifida and other

1) Name and describe the functions of three major hormones involved in digestion/absorption. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 83-85[/cpmembership] 2) Teen magazines could have a positive influence on adolescent body-image and self-image if the magazines would focus on things teens can do rather than on what teens look like show "real" teens of all ethnic backgrounds and shapes and

1) Compare and contrast the causes of kwashiorkor and marasmus. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] page 668-669[/cpmembership] 2) Discuss the origin of common drinking water contaminants such as heavy metals, microbes, and organic toxicants. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 648-649[/cpmembership] 3) To determine the source of bottled water, it is always best to ask the store manager read the label assume it is from a

1) List 10 goals of the Healthy People program. How successful is the program thus far? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 24-25[/cpmembership] 2) What is meant by the phrase Not all carbohydrates are created equal? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 95-100[/cpmembership] 3) Chronic alcohol use affects metabolism and the energy pathway by disrupting liver function damaging the liver leading to malnutrition all of the above Answer:[cpmembership

1) Which of the following is NOT a basic unit derived from food? a.Glycerol b.Starches c.Fatty acids d.Amino acids Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is an overt symptom of iron deficiency? a.Anemia b.Headaches c.Skin dryness d.Decreased red blood cell count Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following would NOT be permitted on a macrobiotic diet? a.Small amounts of dairy b.Small amounts of

1) Intracranial pressure resulting in headaches is a side effect of taking excessive amounts of vitamin A D E K Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Discuss the use of protein, fat, and carbohydrate as fuels during low-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercise. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 445-450[/cpmembership] 3) Compare and contrast the two major types of diabetes and their recommended dietary management. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 598-602[/cpmembership] 4) Protein is

1) The prescription drug phentermine acts by regulating the utilization of a.blood insulin b.norepinephrine c.hormone-sensitive lipase d.adipocyte lipoprotein lipase Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is NOT known to be a vitamin for human beings? a.Cobalamin b.Ubiquinone c.Pyridoxine d.Pantothenic acid Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) What list is composed of substances widely used for many years without apparent ill effects? a.FDA b.GRAS c.Delaney d.Additive Safety Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 4) What is

1) Which of the following is known to cause a reduction in fat cell number in mice? a.Injection of leptin b.Supplements of ghrelin c.Long-term resistance exercise d.Consumption of high-protein diets Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is NOT among the features of monosodium glutamate in foods? a.It is a GRAS ingredient b.It is not allowed in infant foods c.It

1) How does alcohol intake impact the body's use of B vitamins? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Prevents absorption (depletes vitamins)[/cpmembership] 2) Provide examples of the effects of environmental contaminants on pregnancy outcomes. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 490[/cpmembership] 3) Because onset is more gradual with type II diabetes, making diagnosis difficult, experts surmise that more than one-fourth of all people with diabetes remain

1) Binge drinking is defined as the successive consumption of a.1-2 drinks b.4-5 drinks c.6-9 drinks d.more than 10 drinks Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is the standard classification for a low-birthweight infant? a.3 1/2 lbs or less b.4 lbs or less c.5 1/2 lbs or less d.6 1/2 lbs or less Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following would

1) Examples of the adverse effects of oxidation reactions include headaches brought on by vitamin A toxicity bubbles forming when soap mixes with greasy dishes butter or oil turning rancid or having off-flavors all of the above Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) A fat substitute that has recently been approved by the FDA is Simplesse Olestra Fatestra Simpola Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) Why are the

1) What vitamins and minerals are most deficient in people living in poor countries, and what are the consequences of these deficiencies? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] page 667[/cpmembership] 2) Explain the difference between heme and nonheme iron. How can the efficiency of absorption be increased for both types of iron? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 406-407[/cpmembership] 3) List and discuss the causes

1) What is the benefit of using placebos in an experiment? a.All subjects are similar b.All subjects receive a treatment c.Neither subjects nor researchers know who is receiving treatment d.One group of subjects receives a treatment and the other group receives nothing Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following would be the most effective substitute for

1) Which of the following is known as blood sugar or dextrose? a.Glucose b.Maltose c.Sucrose d.Fructose Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following describes the capacity of a man to produce sperm and a woman to periodically produce a normal egg? a.Zygote b.Fertility c.Conception d.Implantation zone Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) In the practice of agriculture, approximately what percentage more energy is required to produce most

1) Of the following, which is NOT among the recommended strategies for weight gain in an underweight person? a.Behavior modification training b.Increased physical activity, especially strength training cForced awakening during the night for supplemental meals and snacks d.Consumption of regular meals and snacks that provide high-kcalorie foods in small volumes Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is

1) 0What percent of weight gain during pregnancy is due to maternal fat weight? 15% 20% 30% 45% Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Explain the association between folate deficiency and homocysteine metabolism. What are observations from the folate fortification program regarding risk for cardiovascular disease and death? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 313[/cpmembership] 3) List safe-handling practices for milk and cheeses, eggs, honey, mixed salads, seafood,

1) Explain the role of fiber in assisting weight loss. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 275-276[/cpmembership] 2) If people are trying to lose weight and are 20% below their predicted metabolic rate, they will have a harder time burning kcalories and not lose much weight. be tired most of the time and gain weight quickly. expect to lose weight

1) Approximately how much water is contained in a loaf of bread? a.2% of the loaf b.5% of the loaf c.20% of the loaf d.35% of the loaf Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is NOT one of the three major factors affecting world population growth? a.Birth rates b.Death rates c.Standard of living d.Scientific knowledge Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 3) The organism H. pylori

1) What are the major food and non-food sources of vitamin K? What factors may adversely affect vitamin K nutrition in the body? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 355-356[/cpmembership] 2) Discuss how overpopulation is related to the world hunger problem. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 665-666[/cpmembership] 3) Discuss the meaning and significance of the Tolerable Upper Intake Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 299-300[/cpmembership] 4) Describe the

1) If athletes are going to drink caffeinated beverages prior to competition, they should first try it out in practice to make sure it doesn't produce adverse side effects need to experiment during training to see if it helps make the exercise seem easier should drink them at least four hours before the

1) As a way of repelling certain pests from destroying preferred crops, plants in combination can be used such as tomato plants and basil oregano and basil plants basil and cabbage plants cabbage and tomato plants Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Discuss the role of nutrition in the development and treatment of three common degenerative diseases. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 586-606[/cpmembership] 3) What are

1) John is looking to increase his dietary sources of vitamin C. However, he expresses a strong dislike for all citrus fruits. Which of the following shopping lists would you recommend? a.Liver, yogurt, milk b.Brussels sprouts, broccoli, strawberries c.Banana, peanut butter, canned tuna fish d.Whole grains, pork, fortified corn flakes Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is

1) Which of the following is NOT among the signs of iron toxicity? a.Apathy b.Fatigue c.Hypochromic anemia d.Increases in infections Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following products is NOT generated via the TCA cycle or electron transport chain? a.Water b.Energy c.Ammonia d.Carbon dioxide Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following is an example of a food preservation technique? a.Irradiation used to sterilize spices b.Carotenoids

1) Some companies use a Wellness program or fitness facility as a vehicle to recruit employees increase morale of employees control employee exercise programs A and B Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) What type of testing is done by the U.S. Pharmacopeia to assure the quality and safety of certain vitamin and mineral supplements? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 334[/cpmembership] 3) An example of

1) High intakes of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to increase the risk for all of the following EXCEPT a.poor wound healing b.higher LDL cholesterol c.suppressed immune function d.inflammation of the pancreas Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is a function of prolactin? a.It reverses the effects of certain mutagens b.It reverses the effects of certain teratogens c.It

1) Describe the role of genetics in the risk for type 2 diabetes and heart disease in children. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 545[/cpmembership] 2) Discuss the special nutritional needs of the preterm infant and ways to meet these needs. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 512[/cpmembership] 3) Diagram the MyPlate icon. Explain how a consumer is expected to use it. Discuss the shortcomings

1) Which of the following is a feature of iron nutrition and behavior in children? a.Iron-deficient children respond better to liquid preparations of Fe+3 than to tablets of Fe+2 b.Children who had iron-deficiency anemia as infants perform poorly even after iron status improves c.Iron supplements can reverse the symptoms and restore normal behavior in children suffering

1) Provide a brief definition of a vitamin. Do all vitamins contain an amino group? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 297[/cpmembership] 2) What precautions should consumers take when selecting and consuming seafood? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 631[/cpmembership] 3) List the major antioxidant additives in the food supply and their side effects in human beings. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 644[/cpmembership] 4) Develop a modified MyPlate

1) When bacteria on meat is transferred to vegetables that were cut on the same board as the meat, the process is referred to as sanitation-inhibition cross-contamination error-in-preparation food-irresponsibility Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) By replacing meat sources of iron in the diet with plant sources of iron, someone with a high risk for heart disease would also be reducing the

1) Why are supplements of vitamin E thought to benefit people engaged in endurance activity? What does the evidence actually show? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 452[/cpmembership] 2) Explain the processes of protein digestion and absorption. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 171-172[/cpmembership] 3) Discuss regulations governing the production and labeling of organic foods. How can pesticide residues be monitored in the body? Answer:[cpmembership

1) Compare and contrast the effects of consuming hard water and soft water. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 370[/cpmembership] 2) List recommendations for building fitness while minimizing the risk of overuse injuries. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 440-442[/cpmembership] 3) Diagram the metabolic pathways that involve participation of B vitamins. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 319-320[/cpmembership] 4) List and define 5 major roles of proteins in the

1) What mineral is part of vitamin B12? a.Copper b.Cobalt c.Nickel d.Vanadium Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) What is meant by potable water? a.Water fit for drinking b.Water that must be boiled before drinking c.Water that must be chlorinated before drinking d.Water suitable only for use on lawns and gardens Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 3) The series of reactions involving the conversion of glucose to pyruvate

1) In obese pregnant women, the risk for neural tube defects in the infant is believed to result from a.insufficient exercise b.poor glycemic control c.insufficient folate intake d.higher prevalence of cesarean section Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following characteristics are shared by cholesterol and lecithin? a.Both are sterols b.Both are phospholipids c.Both are synthesized in the body d.Both are essential

1) A functional fiber is one that a.occurs naturally in the intact plant b.performs a specific function in the plant c.is extracted from plants and has a beneficial health effect d.is a polysaccharide that is stored primarily in muscle and liver of animals Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) What two systems coordinate all digestive/ absorptive processes? a.Enzyme and thoracic b.Portal

1) List 5 ways the food industry could substantially reduce fossil fuel use and still remain sustainable. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 671-672|674[/cpmembership] 2) Describe the bodys mechanisms for controlling blood glucose levels under normal and stress conditions. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 106-107[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following statements might be good advice from someone who has gone through many weight changes

1) For most of the worlds population, what is the effect of aging on the activity of lactase? a.Declines by 30-40% b.Declines by 90-95% c.Increases by 30-40% d.Increases by 90-95% Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is NOT a destination for cholesterol? a.Synthesized into bile b.Excreted in the feces c.Accumulates on walls of veins d.Accumulates on walls of arteries Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3)

1) List factors that increase risk for giving birth to an infant with a neural tube defect. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 472-473[/cpmembership] 2) What is meant by false positive and false negative medical test results? How might these tests be influenced by vitamin supplements? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 325[/cpmembership] 3) During a prolonged fast, the brain adapts to using 20-30

1) What percentage of pregnant women in the United States smoke? a.1-2 b.3-6 c.7-10 d.10-14 Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is a feature of vitamin A in foods? a.Anthocyanin in beets masks the presence of beta-carotene b.Margarine made from corn oil is a poor source of vitamin A c.Most carotenoids can be converted in the body to

1) Results of the Seven Countries Study found that the population groups with highest and lowest rates of heart disease both consumed at least 40% of their kcalories from fat but the healthier group was found to ingest more a.dairy b.olive oil c.fatty fish d.grass-fed livestock Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) To determine quickly if a particular glass or ceramic

1) Discuss the interrelationships of folate and vitamin B12 in the diagnosis and treatment of large-cell type anemia. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 314|317[/cpmembership] 2) The excessive thirst common in diabetes is known as a.hydration b.polyuresis c.polydipsia d.hyperhydration Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) What is the most likely explanation for the fatty liver that develops from protein deficiency? a.Increased uptake of circulating fats b.Increased absorption of dietary

1) What group of nutrients help to extract the energy from food during metabolism? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] B vitamins (coenzymes)[/cpmembership] 2) Discuss the essentiality, deficiency symptoms, and major food sources of biotin and pantothenic acid. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 307-309[/cpmembership] 3) Discuss the roles of leptin and ghrelin in the regulation of food intake and energy storage. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 264-265[/cpmembership] 4) Some

1) All of the following features are shared by the RDA and the AI EXCEPT a.both are included in the DRI b.both serve as nutrient intake goals for individuals c.neither covers 100% of the populations nutrient needs d.neither is useful for evaluating nutrition programs for groups of people Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) To fully utilize the concepts

1) What term describes factors that enhance the development of cancer after it has been initiated? a.Promoters b.Post-initiators c.Tumor formatives d.Tumor directives Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is a characteristic of enriched grain products? a.They have all of the added nutrients listed on the label b.They have the fiber restored from the refining procedure c.They have virtually all

1) Discuss the benefits and limitations of the U.S. grain enrichment legislation. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 49-50[/cpmembership] 2) Athletes or active individuals who require large amounts of energy should consume a diet high in protein fat carbohydrate water Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 3) Discuss the defenses of the GI tract against bacteria that cause infection. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 74|82[/cpmembership] 4) The study of how a persons

1) What part of the body is affected most by keratomalacia? a.Bone b.Liver c.Cornea d.Immune cells Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with 3 fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol would be known as a a.diglyceride b.triglyceride c.phospholipid d.monoglyceride Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following factors makes the greatest contribution to deaths in the United States? a.Guns b.Alcohol c.Tobacco d.Automobiles Answer:[cpmembership

1) In addition to being able to exercise at work, employees who have access to a Wellness program and fitness facility at the job site is more likely to make positive changes in lifestyle has less absenteeism from work becomes more educated in health issues all of the above Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 2) List the different forms of

1) Discuss the relationship between nutrition and Alzheimers disease. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 567[/cpmembership] 2) Describe the physical and mental abnormalities associated with fetal alcohol syndrome. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 501-503[/cpmembership] 3) 0Advice to pregnant women who want to exercise includes don't begin a new program swim, but do not lift weights walk, but not too intensely all of the above Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 4) Protein

1) A diagnosis of constipation is made when a persons number of bowel movements per week first drops to under a.one b.two c.three d.five Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) In what organ is pepsin active? a.Stomach b.Pancreas c.Small intestine d.Large intestine Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following is known to speed up the passage of substances through the large intestine, thereby decreasing exposure time to

1) In some studies, what population may benefit from chromium supplements? People wanting to build muscle mass People with diabetes People who are vegetarians People with high cholesterol Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Explain the functions of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and vitamin D in the regulation of calcium metabolism. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 385-386[/cpmembership] 3) A significant reduction in blood flow to the

1) How does atrophic gastritis interfere with nutritional status in the elderly? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 562[/cpmembership] 2) Vegetarians can apply the Food Guide Pyramid by substituting legumes for protein seeds/nuts for protein peanut butter for protein all of the above Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] d[/cpmembership] 3) Compare and contrast the terms total fiber, dietary fiber, and functional fiber. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 100[/cpmembership] 4) In what

1) What percentage of young school aged children exhibit hyperactivity? a.3% b.9% c.20% d.25-35% Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] b[/cpmembership] 2) Which of the following is a feature of irritable bowel syndrome? a.Abdominal discomfort is usually mild b.Effective treatment includes peppermint oil c.Constipation rather than diarrhea is the major adverse effect d.A combination of stress plus certain foods is needed to trigger an attack Answer:[cpmembership

1) Distinguish between alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder and alcohol-related birth defects. Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 501[/cpmembership] 2) Discuss the use of packaging materials for foods designed to be exposed to microwave cooking. How can you determine if an unlabeled glass or ceramic container is microwave-safe? Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] Page 646-647[/cpmembership] 3) Several conditions and/or chronic diseases might be prevented in the future

1) All of the following dietary measures are known to help relieve constipation EXCEPT a.eating fiber b.eating prunes c.eating less fat d.drinking more water Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] c[/cpmembership] 2) In the endurance athlete, the first priority of nutrient repletion should be a.fluids b.protein c.glycogen d.electrolytes Answer:[cpmembership level="2,3,4,5"] a[/cpmembership] 3) Which of the following is a feature of phospholipids? a.Resistant to digestion b.Soluble in both water and fat c.Highly susceptible