1) What is meant by protein turnover?
a.Nitrogen equilibrium
b.The antibody-antigen complex
c.The synthesis and degradation of body proteins
d.The secondary structure of proteins that initiates folding
2) Which of the following risk factors for disease may be modified by diet?
a.Age
b.Gender
c.Heredity
d.Low HDL level
3) All of the following may serve as precursors for oxaloacetate synthesis EXCEPT
a.fat
b.starch
c.glucose
d.protein
4) Which of the following nutrients is synthesized in significant amounts in the body?
a.Choline
b.Thiamine
c.Ascorbic acid
d.Pantothenic acid
5) A craving for non-food substances is known as
a.pica
b.bulimia
c.toxemia
d.hyperemesis
6) Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of age-related macular
degeneration?
a.It is the leading cause of vision loss in older people
b.Risk factors include sunlight-induced oxidative stress
c.Dietary omega-3 fatty acids from fish may be protective
d.Therapy includes elimination of purine-containing foods
7) People who use diuretics are most at risk of developing imbalances of
a.sodium
b.calcium
c.potassium
d.phosphate
8) Which of the following is a characteristic of solanine?
a.It is not destroyed by cooking
b.It enhances absorption of lead
c.It antagonizes the thyroid gland
d.It is degraded when potatoes start to sprout
9) How many sphincters does the anus contain?
a.1
b.2
c.3
d.4
10) Which of the following is associated with the presence of tissue edema in
kwashiorkor?
a.Inadequate intake of water
b.Excessive intake of dietary protein
c.Low concentration of blood protein
d.High concentration of blood protein
11) All of the following describe associations between vegetable preparation and
vitamin preservation EXCEPT
a.vegetables should be washed before cutting to reduce vitamin losses
b.after a vegetable is picked, vitamin synthesis stops but vitamin degradation continues
c.vegetables should be cooked in water rather than by steaming to minimize vitamin
losses
d.vegetables should be stored in the refrigerator until used to preserve vitamin content
12) Approximately what percentage of US consumers eat home-cooked meals at least 3
times per week?
a.20
b.40
c.60
d.80
13) Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of oysters in the diet?
a.They are the primary factor in travelers diarrhea
b.Eating them raw is a risk factor for some bacterial infections
c.Some oyster-borne microbes are destroyed when the consumer drinks alcohol
d.Many oyster-borne bacteria, but not viruses, are destroyed by some hot sauces
14) Which of the following is NOT one of the three major factors affecting world
population growth?
a.Birth rates
b.Death rates
c.Standard of living
d.Scientific knowledge
15) Currently, what is the chief source of rennin, an enzyme used by the food industry
for the production of cheese?
a.Calf stomach
b.Pig intestines
c.Genetically engineered viruses
d.Genetically engineered bacteria
16) If a dietary supplement poses a significant risk of illness to consumers, what agency
must prove harm before removing the product from the market?
a.FDA
b.CDC
c.USDA
d.USPHS
17) Which of the following is one of the recommendations to treat
pregnancy-associated heartburn?
a.Eat many small meals
b.Drink fluids only with meals
c.Exercise within 30 minutes after eating
d.Lie down within 15 minutes after eating
18) What classification is given to a substance that leaches from the inside lining of a
can into the fruit, resulting in an off-flavor?
a.Direct additive
b.Indirect additive
c.Migratory contamination
d.Peripheral contamination
19) Which of the following is a feature of the use of artificial sweeteners to control
body weight?
a.They may lead to weight gain in some people
b.They automatically lower a persons daily energy intake
c.They delay gastric emptying time, leading to enhanced satiety
d.They trigger epinephrine secretion, which suppresses appetite
20) Milk and milk products provide liberal amounts of which of the following
vitamins?
a.Folate
b.Biotin
c.Riboflavin
d.Pantothenic acid
21) What are the thickenings that occur to the lenses of the eye, thereby affecting
vision, especially in the elderly?
a.Retinitis
b.Keratoids
c.Cataracts
d.Rhodolipids
22) Which of the following is a component of all three dietary disaccharides?
a.Sucrose
b.Glucose
c.Fructose
d.Galactose
23) If a person consumes 100 kcalories in excess of energy needs from table sugar,
approximately how many of the kcalories are stored in the body?
a.25
b.50
c.75
d.100
24) Which of the following is the most significant rationale for eliminating alcohol
intake in athletic performance?
a.It is not metabolized in muscle
b.It inhibits glycogen breakdown
c.It inhibits creatine phosphate synthesis
d.It interferes with ATP synthesis in the liver
25) In a healthy individual with a daily requirement of 500 mg sodium, what would be
the sodium balance after an intake of 10 g of common salt?
a.Equilibrium
b.Slight positive balance
c.Strong positive balance
d.Moderate positive balance
26) Your old friend from high school has just moved to Northern Canada to do full-time
research on bats in caves. She typically works in the caves during the day when the bats
are there and leaves at sundown when the bats are active. Since your friend only
purchases organic and all-natural foods, which of the following would you most likely
advise she buy regularly at the grocery store?
a.Whole-grain bread
b.Vitamin D-fortified milk
c.Vitamin A-fortified carrot juice
d.Omega-3 fatty acid-fortified milk
27) Which of the following is a feature of adipose cell lipoprotein lipase?
a.The enzymes activity is reduced by high-fat diets
b.The enzymes activity is increased by signals from epinephrine and glucagon
c.The enzyme works to promote uptake of circulating triglycerides into storage
triglycerides
d.The enzyme is involved in release of free fatty acids from stored triglyceride into the
bloodstream
28) The component of weight gain during pregnancy that is similar to the average
weight of the infant at birth is the
a.placenta
b.amniotic sac fluid
c.maternal fat stores
d.uterus and supporting muscles
29) Which of the following is the standard classification for a very-low-birthweight
infant?
a.3 1/2 lbs or less
b.4 1/2 lbs or less
c.5 1/2 lbs or less
d.6 1/2 lbs or less
30) A person who exhibits a physiological need to eat is most likely experiencing the
sensation of
a.hunger
b.appetite
c.stress eating
d.neuropeptide Y suppression
31) Which of the following is NOT known to increase the risk for vitamin D deficiency
with advancing age?
a.Reduced exposure to sunlight
b.Lower milk intake of older people
c.Diminished absorption of dietary vitamin D
d.Less activation of vitamin D by the kidneys
32) Which of the following terms is NOT used to classify amino acids in the diet?
a.Essential
b.Nonessential
c.Partially essential
d.Conditionally essential
33) A meat described as prime cut means that it
a.has an extended shelf life
b.usually carries a high price
c.is served only in restaurants
d.is higher in fat than other cuts of meat
34) Which of the following factors has the most influence on the bodys metabolic rate?
a.Age
b.Gender
c.Amount of fat tissue
d.Amount of lean body tissue
35) Which of the following is representative of folate availability in foods?
a.Good sources are dairy products and meats
b.Poor sources are fruit juices and vegetable juices
c.Much of the vitamin is lost due to heat and oxidation
d.Only about 10% of the amount in foods is bioavailable
36) Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body?
a.Tryptophan
b.Chlorophyll
c.Xanthophyll
d.Beta-carotene
37) Which of the following is a characteristic of HIV or AIDS?
a.HIV but not AIDS is curable
b.AIDS develops from HIV infection
c.Optimal nutrition can prevent but not cure HIV
d.Since the 1990s, the death rate from HIV and AIDS has increased markedly
38) _____ is second only to _____ in causing premature deaths.
a.Underweight, obesity
b.Tobacco, underweight
c.Tobacco, obesity
d.Obesity, tobacco
39) Give several examples of naturally occurring toxicants in foods and appropriate
methods to minimize exposure to them.
40) What are the signs and symptoms of sickle-cell anemia and what causes it?
41) Compared to average weight for women in the U.S., fashion models are
10% below the average
18% below the average
23% below the average
35% below the average
42) What are the effects on colonic function from insufficient fluid intake, insufficient
fiber intake, or intestinal infection?
43) What is the association between breastfeeding and body weight in later life?
44) How does vitamin D function to raise blood levels of calcium and phosphorus?
45) Discuss the formation and significance of acrylamide and dioxins in food.
46) Which of the following disorders is positively correlated with the presence of high
blood iron?
Dermatitis
Diverticulosis
Heart Disease
Neural tube defects
47) In studies performed on women who were able to maintain their lost weight,
findings showed that
they attended regular support groups.
they kept regular track of food intake.
all of them exercised regularly.
all of the above.
48) Discuss the role of physical activity in reducing the risk for osteoporosis.