1) The most common cause of iodine deficiency is
a.insufficient intake of iodine from foods
b.overconsumption of other trace elements
c.overconsumption of anti-thyroid substances
d.pituitary deficiencies of thyroid-stimulating hormone
2) Which of the following describes the nutrient needs of older people?
a.They vary according to individual histories
b.They remain the same as in young adult life
c.They increase; therefore, supplementation is required
d.They decrease for vitamins and minerals due to changes in body composition
3) Which of the following is NOT among the consequences of making poor food
choices?
a.Over the long term, they will reduce lifespan in some people
b.They can promote heart disease and cancer over the long term
c.Over the long term, they will not affect lifespan in some people
d.When made over just a single day, they exert great harm to your health
4) Approximately what percentage of the worlds food supply outside of the home is
wasted?
a.2
b.9
c.19
d.33
5) The consumption of milk by children should not exceed 3 cups per day in order to
lower the risk for
a.solute overload
b.iron deficiency
c.vitamin A toxicity
d.vitamin D toxicity
6) What pituitary hormone regulates kidney retention of water?
a.Thyroxine
b.Cortisone
c.Epinephrine
d.Antidiuretic hormone
7) The DASH diet plan was devised to prevent
a.dehydration
b.constipation
c.osteoporosis
d.hypertension
8) Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of vitamin B12 nutrition in
older people?
a.The RDA is the same as for younger adults
b.Older adults are advised to obtain most of their vitamin B12 from fortified foods and
supplements
c.Up to 30% of those over 50 years of age are at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency due to
atrophic gastritis
d.The DRI Committee recommends that older people increase their meat intake to
provide adequate vitamin B12
9) Which of the following would NOT be part of a successful program of weight gain in
an underweight individual?
a.Eat energy-dense foods
b.Drink energy-dense beverages
c.Eat a large number of small meals
d.Engage in regular physical exercise
10) What is the major intracellular cation?
a.Sodium
b.Calcium
c.Phosphate
d.Potassium
11) Which of the following is a typical response of the body to changes in blood
glucose?
a.Blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of insulin
b.Blood glucose levels that fall too low signal the release of glucagon
c.Blood glucose levels that rise too high signal the release of glycogen
d.Blood glucose levels that rise too high signal the release of epinephrine
12) What is the process by which heat or acidity disrupts the normal shape of a protein
chain?
a.Digestion
b.Condensation
c.Denaturation
d.Hydrogenation
13) Which of the following is a purpose of both the Recommended Dietary Allowance
and Adequate Intake?
a.Setting nutrient goals for individuals
b.Identifying toxic intakes of nutrients
c.Restoring health of malnourished individuals
d.Developing nutrition programs for schoolchildren
14) What is thought to be the most important nutrition concern for people with
Alzheimer’s disease?
a.Maintenance of appropriate body weight
b.Ensuring adequate intakes of antioxidant nutrients and DHA
c.Monitoring intake of medications that may interfere with nutrient bioavailability
d.Treatment for iron overload to prevent formation of new neurofibrillary tangles
15) Which of the following diets is most likely to lead to beriberi?
a.High intakes of white rice
b.Low intakes of whole grains
c.High intakes of unrefined rice
d.Low intakes of enriched grains
16) A typical cell contains powerhouses, which is another name for the
a.DNA
b.ribosomes
c.mitochondria
d.electron transport chains
17) Keratinization of lung cells may result from
a.toxicity of vitamin A
b.toxicity of beta-carotene
c.deficiency of vitamin A
d.deficiency of vitamin D
18) You are presenting a general seminar at a food safety convention. At the end of your
talk, an audience member barrages you with questions about irradiation of foods
causing people to be exposed to radioactive food. How should you respond?
a.Irradiation techniques do not in any way produce radioactive foods
b.There is only cause for concern when treating foods such as milk, grapefruits, eggs,
and high-fat meats
c.Radioactive foods have been approved for consumption by the American Medical
Association, the FAO, and the WHO
d.Cold pasteurization is the only technique that results in radioactive foods and as long
as they are avoided, there is no cause for concern
19) Which of the following people are at known risk for potassium depletion?
a.Athletes who are body-builders
b.Construction workers in cold climates
c.Those who ingest low amounts of fresh fruits/vegetables
d.Those who consume insufficient amounts of salted foods
20) Which of the following would be the best choice for physically active people who
need to replace lost fluids?
a.Cool water
b.Sweat replacers
c.Salt tablets and tap water
d.Water warmed to body temperature
21) What term is used to describe the highest level of a pesticide that is allowed in a
food when the pesticide is used according to label directions?
a.Toxicity level
b.Tolerance level
c.Risk concentration
d.Optimum concentration
22) Which of the following is known to correlate most strongly with reduced risk of
deaths from heart disease when consumed in high amounts?
a.Fiber
b.Sugar
c.Levulose
d.Corn syrup
23) What cellular organelles are responsible for producing ATP aerobically?
a.Ribosomes
b.Golgi bodies
c.Mitochondria
d.Cell membranes
24) If a group of people consumed an amount of protein equal to the average
requirement for their population group, what percentage would receive insufficient
amounts?
a.2
b.33
c.50
d.98
25) Calcium-channel blockers are drugs chiefly for the treatment of
a.atherosclerosis
b.prostate cancer
c.type 2 diabetes
d.high blood pressure
26) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the vitamins?
a.Essential
b.Inorganic
c.Destructible
d.kCalorie-free
27) Describe the similarities and differences in fluid and nutrient losses between
vomiting and diarrhea.
28) Which of the following is a feature of cholesterol?
a.Synthesized by the body
b.No relation to heart disease
c.Recommended intake is zero
d.No function in the human body
29) Which of the following is a feature of osteoporosis?
a.It is most common in men over 45 years of age
b.It has virtually no effect on blood calcium levels
c.It results from short-term deprivation of dietary calcium
d.It causes significant alterations in the blood levels of parathormone and calcitonin
30) Which of the following defines nursing bottle tooth decay?
a.Caries development resulting from frequent use of non-sterile bottles and nipples
b.Bacterial attack of teeth due to severe tooth misalignment from sucking on oversized
bottle nipples
c.Marked tooth decay of an infant due to prolonged exposure to carbohydrate-rich
fluids from a bottle
d.Tooth decay resulting from constant exposure to food due to inability of the infant to
swallow normally
31) Which of the following is a possible metabolic reaction in the cell?
a.Pyruvate to urea
b.Lactate to pyruvate
c.Acetyl CoA to pyruvate
d.Carbon dioxide to glycerol
32) What is the term that defines foods that contain nonnutrient substances whose
known action in the body is to promote well-being to a greater extent than that
contributed by the foods nutrients?
a.Fortified foods
b.Enriched foods
c.Functional foods
d.Health-enhancing foods
33) What is ketosis and how can it be identified? What conditions typically induce a
state of ketosis? What are the adverse effects of this condition?
34) Discuss the effects of low-carbohydrate diets on short-term and long-term weight
loss.
35) Compare and contrast the features of congregate meals and Meals on Wheels.
36) Very often the first symptom that a person has osteoporosis is
a feeling of tenderness in the hips
lower back problems
a broken hip or wrist
numbness of the toes
37) High-fiber foods are helpful for people who wish to lose weight because they
take longer to eat
are more filling
provide few calories
all of the above
38) Provide explanations for the development of a primary and a secondary deficiency
of folate.
39) Explain the differences among amino acids that are classified as essential,
nonessential, or conditionally essential.