1) Sugar and salt are used as antimicrobial agents in foods because they prevent
microbial use of the foods
a.fat
b.water
c.protein
d.carbohydrate
2) Magnesium is known to be involved in all of the following EXCEPT
a.blood clotting
b.muscle contraction
c.prevention of dental caries
d.production of red blood cells
3) What nutrient makes up most of the endosperm section of grains such as wheat and
rice?
a.Fat
b.Fiber
c.Starch
d.Protein
4) When thiamin is consumed in excess of needs, how does the body treat the excess?
a.Not absorbed
b.Excreted primarily in the urine
c.Excreted primarily in the feces
d.Stored in liver, bone, and adipose tissue
5) The higher risk for breast cancer in obese women after menopause is thought to
result mainly from chronic exposure to
a.estrogen
b.aflatoxin
c.high-fat diets
d.sedentary lifestyles
6) What is the primary action of the medication megestrol acetate?
a.It relieves depression
b.It promotes weight loss
c.It promotes weight gain
d.It lowers blood pressure
7) When a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon known as hitting the wall,
what nutrient is most likely depleted?
a.Water
b.Protein
c.Glucose
d.Fatty acids
8) Which of the following are all used to compute a womans BMR?
a.Body fat, height, and age
b.Body weight, height, and age
c.Physical activity level, body weight, and height
d.Energy intake, physical activity level, and body weight
9) Which of the following is NOT an essential amino acid in human nutrition?
a.Proline
b.Threonine
c.Methionine
d.Tryptophan
10) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of poverty and hunger?
a.Hunger and obesity may exist in the same household
b.The highest rates of obesity occur among the poorest
c.The provision of food to the poor actually helps to prevent obesity
d.The poor prefer to purchase energy-dense foods despite their higher cost compared
with vegetables
11) Which of the following is a major criticism of the use of the MyPlate educational
tool?
a.It allows for oversized portions
b.The Dairy group excludes ice cream
c.The five groups are not clearly identified
d.It treats all foods within a single group the same
12) What type of protein would the body make in order to heal a wound?
a.Ferritin
b.Albumin
c.Collagen
d.Hemoglobin
13) To assess body composition, health-care professionals most often use BMI and
a.skinfold thickness
b.hydrodensitometry
c.waist circumference
d.bioelectric impedence
14) All of the following components are part of the chemical structure of aspartame
EXCEPT
a.aspartic acid
b.methyl group
c.phenylalanine
d.methanol group
15) Research clearly shows that the risk of dying not only from heart disease but from
all causes is greatest for
elite athletes such as marathoners.
sedentary people, a.k.a. “couch potatoes.”
occasional exercisers, a.k.a. “week-end warriors.”
moderately active people who exercise 3-4 days/week
16) Which of the following vitamins undergoes significant enterohepatic circulation?
a.Folate
b.Niacin
c.Thiamin
d.Pyridoxine
17) What is the Tolerable Upper Intake
a.1 mg/day
b.2.5 mg/day
c.7.5 mg/day
d.10 mg/day
18) The health benefits of moderate alcohol intake occur in people _____ years of age
and older.
a.21
b.35
c.55
d.65
19) Results of research studying carnitine supplementation as an ergogenic aid showed
that it
a.does not seem to increase fat oxidation
b.enhanced carbohydrate oxidation rate but not fat oxidation
c.raised muscle carnitine concentration but did not improve performance
d.promoted retention of amino acids but did not lead to increased muscle mass
20) Which of the following population groups is least susceptible to iron-deficiency
anemia?
a.Older infants
b.Children 2-10 years of age
c.Women of childbearing age
d.Men 20-45 years of age
21) Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of body weight and older
people?
a.A higher body weight reduces the risk of sarcopenia
b.Being overweight at age 75 does not reduce longevity
c.Being moderately overweight may not carry health risks
d.A low body weight may be more detrimental than a high one
22) Which of the following is least likely to affect the size of the bodys glycogen
stores?
a.Exercise regimen
b.Fat content of the diet
c.Type of supplements taken
d.Carbohydrate content of the diet
23) Which of the following is associated with the presence of fat in the GI tract?
a.Inhibition of mucosal enzyme activities
b.Slowing of the process of digestion and absorption
c.Inhibition of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin absorption
d.Stimulation and hastening of digestion and absorption
24) What population group has the highest risk for vitamin K deficiency?
a.Adults
b.Elderly
c.Newborns
d.Teenagers
25) Approximately what percentage of naturally occurring dietary folate is
bioavailable?
a.10
b.25
c.50
d.80
26) What food makes a significant contribution to vitamin C intakes in the U.S.
population despite its modest vitamin C concentration?
a.Potatoes
b.Organ meats
c.Breaded fish
d.Whole-grain cereals
27) What is the largest single group of food additives?
a.Flavoring agents
b.Artificial sweeteners
c.Antimicrobial agents
d.Artificial coloring agents
28) Which of the following has the highest percentage of its fat in polyunsaturated
form?
a.Butter
b.Corn oil
c.Beef tallow
d.Coconut oil
29) What population group consumes the most soft drinks each day at school?
a.Teenage boys
b.Teenage girls
c.Pre-teen boys
d.Pre-teen girls
30) What term defines the measure of the probability and severity of harm?
a.Risk
b.Safety
c.Hazard
d.Toxicity
31) What is a normal range (mg/dL) for blood glucose?
a.60-80
b.70-100
c.120-140
d.140-180
32) Matching
1>Nutrient with the highest body concentration
2>Substance containing no carbon or not pertaining to living things
3>Number of indispensable nutrients for human beings
4>Most substances containing carbon-hydrogen bonds
5>Substance containing nitrogen
6>Energy (kcal) required to increase temperature of 1 kg of water from 0 C to 100 C
7>Nutrient with the highest energy density
8>Energy (kcal) yield of five grams of sugar
9>Energy (kcal) yield of one gram of alcohol
10>Number of indispensable minerals for human beings
11>An unproven statement
12>An inert medication
13>Possessing the quality of being evidence based
14>The recommended intake is set at the population mean
15>Excess nutrient intake leads to this
16>Deficient nutrient intake leads to this
17>Measurement of physical characteristics
18>Inspection of skin, tongue, eyes, hair, and fingernails
19>A nutrient deficiency showing outward signs
20>A nutrient deficiency in the early stages
A.7 B.16 C.20 D.40 E.100 F.Fat G.Water H.Energy I.Protein J.Organic K.Placebo
L.Inorganic M.Validity N.Hypothesis O.Undernutrition P.Overnutrition
Q.Anthropometrics R.Overt deficiency S.Physical examination T.Subclinical deficiency
33) The FDA considers the amount of pesticide intake to be acceptable if the daily
intake ingested over a lifetime appears to be
a.without appreciable risk
b.100% risk-free for everyone
c.safe for about 98% of the population
d.100% risk-free for infants and children
34) A decrease in the flow of blood to the intestines is known as
a.gut stasis
b.gut dysmotility
c.intestinal stroke
d.intestinal ischemia
35) Normally, what is the relationship of the amount of sodium excreted to the amount
ingested that day?
a.Intake is higher
b.Excretion is higher
c.Intake and excretion are equal
d.Excretion is unrelated to intake
36) If taken in excess, vitamin A can produce adverse effects, such as
intracranial pressure in the brain resulting in headaches
blurred vision resulting in headaches
bone mineralization resulting in rickets
all of the above
37) Explain how the provision of food to hungry poor people lowers their risk for
obesity.
38) Dietary interventions to improve osteoporosis include
increased calcium intakes
avoidance of meat and poultry
decreased salt intakes
all of the above
39) Describe the processes involved in cellular protein synthesis. How would synthesis
be affected by intake of an otherwise adequate diet which is very low in glycine or low
in tryptophan? How would synthesis be affected by a diet that is low in energy?
40) Describe the difference in physical traits of obese children as compared with their
normal-weight peers.
41) Explain the mechanism associated with the function of vitamin A in the visual
response.
42) How is food insecurity identified in U.S. households and how is it categorized?
43) Explain the difference between recommendations based on the population approach
and the individual approach.