1) What percentage of pregnant women in the United States smoke?
a.1-2
b.3-6
c.7-10
d.10-14
2) Which of the following is a feature of vitamin A in foods?
a.Anthocyanin in beets masks the presence of beta-carotene
b.Margarine made from corn oil is a poor source of vitamin A
c.Most carotenoids can be converted in the body to active vitamin A
d.Chlorophyll in dark green leafy vegetables masks the presence of beta-carotene
3) What do retinal and unsaturated fatty acids have in common?
a.Neither is found in animal fats
b.Neither is transported by chylomicrons
c.They may exist in the cis or trans form
d.They are both needed to prevent erythrocyte hemolysis
4) What percentage of people with normal blood pressure are salt sensitive?
a.10
b.25
c.50
d.100
5) Which of the following is a feature of bovine growth hormone use in the United
States?
a.It decreases udder infections in cows
b.None can be detected in meat or milk of cows receiving it
c.If consumed from foods, it is denatured by enzymes in the GI tract
d.If consumed from foods, it could potentially stimulate receptors for human growth
hormone
6) Approximately how many kcal per day does an average 6 year old need to obtain?
a.400
b.800
c.1600
d.2400
7) Which of the following vitamins has been noted as preventing the oxidation of
low-density lipoproteins?
a.A
b.E
c.K
d.D
8) Flaxseed is a rich source of
a.lutein
b.lignans
c.sulforaphane
d.organosulfur compounds
9) Which of the following is a feature of the muscular actions of digestion?
a.Peristalsis begins first in the stomach upon the initiation of the swallowing reflex
b.The colon has the thickest and strongest muscles of the GI organs to withstand the
pressure of stool evacuation
c.The jejunum has a third layer of diagonal muscles to enhance contraction and
relaxation phases for enhanced digestion
d.Segmentation in the intestines allows periodic squeezing along its length, resulting in
momentary reversal of the movement of intestinal contents
10) As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to
ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in men?
a.500
b.800
c.1200
d.1600
11) Which of the following is an early sign of vitamin C deficiency?
a.Bleeding gums
b.Pernicious anemia
c.Appearance of a cold
d.Hysteria and depression
12) Which of the following is present in highest concentration in soft water?
a.Sodium
b.Calcium
c.Magnesium
d.Phosphorus
13) Which of the following amino acids has been reported to lower blood pressure and
reduce homocysteine levels?
a.Arginine
b.Cysteine
c.Tryptophan
d.Phenylalanine
14) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of poverty and hunger?
a.Hunger and obesity may exist in the same household
b.The highest rates of obesity occur among the poorest
c.The provision of food to the poor actually helps to prevent obesity
d.The poor prefer to purchase energy-dense foods despite their higher cost compared
with vegetables
15) Which of the following vegetable oils is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?
a.Corn
b.Sesame
c.Coconut
d.Flaxseed
16) During physical performance, what is the role of creatine phosphate?
a.Removal of lactic acid
b.Transfer of energy to make ATP
c.Removal of nitrogen waste products
d.Transfer of phosphate to muscle fiber
17) How does vitamin C enhance iron absorption when consumed in the same meal?
a.It activates transferrin
b.It keeps iron in the reduced ferrous form
c.It releases iron from the proteins in the stomach
d.It complexes with iron and promotes mucosal transport
18) What government agency is primarily responsible for protecting agriculture and the
food supply?
a.The Food Safety and Security Agency
b.The FDA and the USDA
c.The Antiterrorism Subcommittee on Food Security
d.The CDC and the EPA
19) Pteroylglutamic acid is known as
a.folate
b.choline
c.inositol
d.pyridoxamine
20) Population groups such as sedentary older men, sedentary younger women, and
active older women have a daily energy need (kcalories) of approximately
a.1200
b.1500
c.2000
d.2700
21) Which of the following is a feature of the DASH diet?
a.It works synergistically with reduction of sodium intake
b.It was originally designed as therapy for atherosclerosis
c.It is effective due to the high intakes of iron and vitamin B12
d.It includes an exercise component and a limitation on trans-fat intake
22) Which of the following is known as an iron-overload protein?
a.Transferrin
b.Hemosiderin
c.Marrowferritin
d.Metallothionein
23) As a general rule, what minimum number of kcalories per day is necessary to
ensure nutritional adequacy in an eating plan for reducing body weight in women?
a.500
b.800
c.1200
d.1600
24) If a person consumed the upper AMDR limit for protein as part of a diet providing
2500 kcalories, approximately how many grams of protein would be ingested?
a.41
b.63
c.135
d.219
25) How would the body typically respond to loss of blood from hemorrhage?
a.More transferrin is produced to allow absorption and transport of more iron
b.The average life of the red blood cell is increased in order to allow better tissue
oxygenation
c.Fewer iron storage proteins are produced, which increases the amount of iron
available for synthesis of new red blood cells
d.The liver and muscles release their supply of stored red blood cells, which
compensates, in part, for the decrease in red blood cell concentration of the circulation
26) Which of the following is NOT a feature of the artificial fat replacer olestra?
a.It can be used in the frying of foods
b.It leads to constipation in some individuals
c.Its chemical structure is similar to a triglyceride
d.It lowers absorption of vitamins A and K from foods
27) What lipoprotein is largest in size?
a.Chylomicron
b.High-density lipoprotein
c.Low-density lipoprotein
d.Very-low-density lipoprotein
28) Substances that promote oxidation are usually termed
a.prooxidants
b.antioxidants
c.free radical generators
d.reactive electron oxidants
29) In pregnancy, a large weight gain over a short time is usually an indication of
a.excessive fat deposition
b.excessive fluid retention
c.abnormal fetal development
d.normal pregnancy only if it occurs during the second trimester
30) What is the lumen of the GI tract?
a.The epiglottis
b.The capillaries
c.The inner space
d.The mucosal surface
31) Hyponatremia refers to low blood levels of
a.water
b.sodium
c.glucose
d.potassium
32) Which of the following are good sources of dietary calcium?
a.Fruits
b.Breads
c.Enriched grains
d.Certain green vegetables
33) A person viewing an exciting sports match of her favorite team and eating because
of nervousness would be displaying a food choice behavior most likely based on
a.habit
b.availability
c.emotional comfort
d.positive association
34) What is the recommended increase in daily energy intake, in kcal, for the third
trimester of pregnancy?
a.200
b.300
c.450
d.540
35) The addition of calcium to some orange juice products by food manufacturers is
most properly termed nutrient
a.enrichment
b.restoration
c.fortification
d.mineralization
36) Approximately what percentage decline in total energy expenditure is seen in a 70
year old versus a 30 year old?
a.2
b.10
c.20
d.30
37) The feeling of satiety from weight-loss diets is best achieved by diets rich in
a.long-chain fats only
b.short-chain fats only
c.simple carbohydrates
d.complex carbohydrates
38) Because of adverse interactions with other vitamins, a safe daily folate intake is up
to
a.400 g
b.600 g
c.1,000 g
d.2,000 g
39) Discuss appropriate uses of vitamins and minerals as food additives.
40) Discuss the expected benefits of folate fortification of grain products. What are the
possible adverse effects of this practice?
41) Excessive intakes of vitamin A have been shown to produce intracranial pressure
resulting in
42) What is the benefit of using genetic engineering for the production of
herbicide-resistant crops? Name an example.
43) Compare and contrast the environmental effects of commercial fishing and
aquaculture.
44) What is meant by the expression: water follows electrolytes?
45) Why is cognitive behavior therapy an effective approach in helping overweight
smokers?