1) Of the following, which is NOT among the recommended strategies for weight gain
in an underweight person?
a.Behavior modification training
b.Increased physical activity, especially strength training
cForced awakening during the night for supplemental meals and snacks
d.Consumption of regular meals and snacks that provide high-kcalorie foods in small
volumes
2) Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic related to the fat content in
food?
a.High-fat foods are energy dense
b.Fat has a weak effect on satiation
c.Eating high-fat foods typically leads to underconsumption of kcalories
d.In the small intestine fat triggers release of a hormone that inhibits food intake
3) What is the chief transport substance for zinc in the circulation?
a.Albumin
b.Metallothionein
c.Carbonic anhydrase
d.High-density lipoproteins
4) What is the primary means for degradation of soluble fibers in the large intestines?
a.Bacterial enzymes
b.Pancreatic amylase
c.Peristaltic segmentation
d.Villus brush border hydrolases
5) Which of the following describes the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract?
a.A vat-like vessel
b.A rigid, solid tunnel
c.A flexible muscular tube
d.A firm, duct-like channel
6) Which of the following is NOT among the features of infant formulas?
a.They contain antibodies
b.They breed bacteria in bottles left at room temperature
c.They adhere to FDA standards for nutrient composition and safety
d.They contain fat and carbohydrate at concentrations resembling those in breast milk
7) Which of the following sugars is NOT found in plants?
a.Glucose
b.Lactose
c.Sucrose
d.Fructose
8) An infant diagnosed with goats milk anemia is most likely deficient in
a.iron
b.folate
c.vitamin B6
d.vitamin B12
9) Which of the following is NOT a feature of zinc supplements?
a.They induce nausea and bad taste reactions when administered in zinc lozenges
b.They reduce the incidence of goiter in developing countries
c.They reduce the incidence of diarrhea-related deaths in children
d.They reduce the incidence of pneumonia-related deaths in the elderly
10) Which of the following substances in the diet would typically have the lowest
margin of safety?
a.Table salt
b.Pesticides
c.Preservatives
d.Color additives
11) Mary is 75 years old and has been getting sick recently and losing weight. After
assessing all symptoms, her doctor diagnoses atrophic gastritis and prescribes an
antibiotic. All of the following are symptoms associated with this condition EXCEPT
a.bacterial overgrowth
b.acid reflux
c.impaired digestion
d.stomach pain
12) Which of the following is a feature of iodine in nutrition?
a.Excessive intakes shrink the thyroid gland
b.Processed foods in the United States do not use iodized salt
c.Iodization of salt is mandatory in the United States but not in Canada
d.Worldwide, the prevalence of iodine deficiency and iodine toxicity are approximately
the same
13) Commercially available zinc-containing lozenges are advertised as being effective
against
a.fatigue
b.vitamin A toxicity
c.the common cold
d.slowing of the BMR
14) Which of the following is a characteristic of food serving sizes?
a.Serving sizes for most foods have not yet been established by the FDA
b.The serving size for ice cream is 2 cups and the serving size for all beverages is 12
fluid ounces
c.Serving sizes on food labels are not always the same as those of the USDA Food
Patterns
d.Serving sizes must be listed in common household measures, such as cups, or metric
measures, such as milliliters, but not both
15) According to the principles of the USDA Food Patterns, the foundation of a
healthful diet should consist of
a.dairy
b.fruits
c.protein foods
d.nutrient-dense foods
16) Which of the following represents a chief source of short-chain and medium-chain
fatty acids?
a.Fish
b.Eggs
c.Dairy
d.Soybeans
17) All of the following foods contain liberal amounts of eicosapentaenoic and
docosahexaenoic acid EXCEPT
a.tuna
b.salmon
c.human milk
d.soybean oil
18) What amino acid is classified as conditionally essential when dietary intake of
phenylalanine is insufficient or the body cannot normally metabolize phenylalanine?
a.Cysteine
b.Tyrosine
c.Glutamine
d.Isoleucine
19) In general, which of the following is associated with the fewest adverse effects from
the treatment of constipation in adults?
a.Taking an enema
b.Taking a laxative
c.Ingestion of prunes
d.Ingestion of mineral oil
20) Which of the following is NOT among the features of low-density lipoproteins and
coronary heart disease?
a.LDL is more atherogenic than is HDL
b.Excess LDL cholesterol is vulnerable to oxidation
c.LDL-lowering treatments are designed to stabilize arterial plaques
d.Excess LDL cholesterol in the blood is removed by high-density lipoproteins
21) Which of the following is NOT a feature of dairy products consumption?
a.Fat-free milk contains no cholesterol
b.Yogurt is known to lower blood cholesterol
c.Fermented milk products raise the bacterial population in the colon
d.Fat-free milk is lower in kcalories but also lower in protein and calcium than whole
milk
22) When ingested in large quantities, the sugar alternative sorbitol and the fat
alternative olestra are known to induce
a.diarrhea
b.vomiting
c.pancreatitis
d.celiac disease
23) Which of the following describes an association between energy measurement and
foods?
a.Indirect calorimetry cannot be used to determine the energy value of alcohol
b.A bomb calorimeter measures the amount of oxygen released when a food is oxidized
c.Direct calorimetry and indirect calorimetry of the same food rarely give similar values
d.The physiological fuel value of a food is almost always lower than the energy value of
that food as determined by bomb calorimetry
24) What is the nitrogen balance of a person who consumed a 3500-kcalorie diet
containing 10% protein and excreted a total of 12 grams of nitrogen? (Protein is 16%
nitrogen.)
a.0 g
b.-3 g
c.-1 g
d.+2 g
25) Which of the following describes a feature of cis-fatty acids and trans-fatty acids?
a.In nature, most double bonds are trans
b.Hydrogenation converts trans-fatty acids to cis-fatty acids
c.The conversion of cis-fatty acids to trans-fatty acids is inhibited by the presence of
antioxidants
d.In the body, trans-fatty acids are metabolized more like saturated fats than like
unsaturated fats
26) How much calcium (mg) would typically be absorbed by a normal adult with a
calcium intake of 1,000 mg?
a.100
b.300
c.600
d.950
27) Limited or doubtful availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods is termed
food
a.insecurity
b.insufficiency
c.vulnerability
d.precariousness
28) Which of the following is a feature of the disorder hereditary hemochromatosis?
a.It is characterized by acrodermatitis
b.It is found primarily in women of child-bearing age
c.It is associated with defects of copper and zinc absorption
d.It is the most common genetic disorder in the United States
29) Production of excessive amounts of acetyl CoA molecules leads to the synthesis of
a.fatty acids only
b.fatty acids and glucose only
c.fatty acids and fructose only
d.fatty acids, glucose, and amino acids
30) Which of the following is a major function of chloride?
a.Participates in wound healing
b.Helps maintain gastric acidity
c.Acts as principal intracellular electrolyte
d.Protects bone structures against degeneration
31) What is the minimum recommended weight gain for the obese pregnant woman?
a.11 lbs
b.18 lbs
c.25 lbs
d.35 lbs
32) Important factors in the selection of a margarine product include all of the following
EXCEPT
a.it should be trans fat free
b.it should be soft instead of hard
c.it should contain primarily omega-3 fatty acids
d.it should list liquid vegetable oil as the first ingredient
33) According to the Dietary Guidelines, what should be the maximum daily intake of
cholesterol on a 2500-kcalorie diet?
a.50 mg
b.150 mg
c.300 mg
d.1,000 mg
34) Under which of the following conditions are supplements of zinc reported to be
beneficial?
a.In the treatment of childhood infections
b.In the treatment of Menkes disease
c.In the treatment of toxicity from certain vitamins
d.In the treatment of slow growth syndrome in U.S. children
35) The active components in black tea and green tea associated with favorable effects
on the cardiovascular system are
a.quercetins
b.flavonoids
c.resverotrols
d.sulforaphones
36) Which of the following is the most likely side effect for a person who regularly
consumes large quantities of carrots or carrot juice?
a.Bone pain
b.Dermatitis
c.Skin yellowing
d.Vitamin A toxicity
37) You are reading a case study from a researcher at World University. The researcher
has traveled to the largest city in India and is reporting on an illness present in a
15-month-old boy. The researcher described the child as extremely thin and bony, with
wrinkled skin and enlarged fatty liver. For the past year, this child has subsisted almost
entirely on diluted cereal drink. Your first thought is that all of these observations are
characteristic of marasmus except for the
a.wrinkled skin.
b.food intake pattern.
c.enlarged fatty liver.
d.extremely thin, bony appearance.
38) A tissue deprived of an oxygen supply during exercise would develop an
accumulation of
a.ATP
b.lactate
c.glucose-1-phosphate
d.TCA cycle intermediates
39) List several unpleasant characteristics associated with safe, potable water.
40) Deep, dark circles under the eyes; lethargy; increased heart rate for age; and a dry
mouth are all signs of
41) When preparing meat, fish, and poultry, what steps can be taken to reduce the
contribution of fat kcalories?
42) Distinguish between hemolytic anemia and erythrocyte hemolysis.
43) Meat-eaters can reduce fat in their diets by
baking, broiling, or braising meats
frying or sauteing meats in olive oil
using regular hamburger for meat loaf
selecting regular hamburger instead of sirloin steaks
44) As researchers found out more about blood cholesterol, the recommended
acceptable value for blood cholesterol has
dropped from 260 mg/dl to less than 200 mg/dl in a decade
steadily increased up to 200 mg/dl in the past decade
remained the same for 25 years
only reflected LDL values
45) An example of a parent giving children appropriate authority with regard to food
intake might be
allowing a four-year-old to choose a snack from a banana or whole wheat bread
telling a 16-year-old to eat all his meal before having dessert
begging an 18-year-old to eat homemade bean soup for dinner
allowing a six-year-old to go grocery shopping alone
46) Discuss the effects of obesity in childhood. What steps can be taken to prevent and
to treat this condition?