1) Which of the following is known to perform an essential function in the human
body?
a.Carnitine
b.Orotic acid
c.Methoxantin
d.Pangamic acid
2) Which of the following is NOT among the factors known to be related to the
appearance of Alzheimers disease?
a.An increase in free radicals
b.An increase in beta-amyloid
c.A decrease in acetylcholine synthesis
d.A decrease in homocysteine synthesis
3) What is the fate of any enzymes that are present in the foods we eat?
a.Hydrolyzed in the GI tract
b.Absorbed intact by the stomach
c.Absorbed intact by the small intestine
d.Passed through the GI tract and excreted in the stool
4) Which of the following is involved in the clotting of blood?
a.Opsin
b.Fibrin
c.Collagen
d.Transferrin
5) Which of the following describes an infant born during the 36th week of pregnancy?
a.Term
b.Preterm
c.Post term
d.Caesarean
6) On which organ or tissue does leptin primarily act?
a.Pancreas
b.Intestines
c.Adipocytes
d.Hypothalamus
7) If you were to exercise continuously, about how long would glycogen stores last?
a.A few minutes
b.A few hours
c.About 12 hours
d.About 1 day
8) What is administered by health care workers to help treat the diarrhea and
dehydration common to children suffering from diseases of poverty?
a.Oral rehydration therapy
b.Ozone purified waste water
c.Protein-energy repletion formula
d.Charcoal-filtered water and corn starch
9) What is the international poverty line per day for a single person?
a.$1.25
b.$3.75
c.$5.15
d.$10.00
10) Half of U.S. adults have at least one major risk factor for coronary heart disease by
age
a.20
b.30
c.40
d.50
11) Which of the following is a feature of the metabolism of surplus dietary fat?
a.Excess fat is almost all stored
b.Excess fat promotes increased fat oxidation
c.Excess fat spares breakdown of body proteins
d.Conversion of excess fat to storage fat is inefficient
12) How is soluble fiber in the diet thought to help lower blood cholesterol level?
a.It denatures cholesterol in the stomach
b.It hydrolyzes cholesterol in the intestinal tract
c.It traps cholesterol in the intestinal tract and thus inhibits its absorption
d.It enhances excretion of bile leading to increased cholesterol turnover
13) In food exchange lists, to what group are olives assigned?
a.Fat
b.Meat
c.Carbohydrate
d.Meat substitute
14) Approximately how many people in the United States are killed by foodborne
illness each year?
a.300
b.3,000
c.30,000
d.300,000
15) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of glucose?
a.It is soluble in water
b.It is a monosaccharide
c.It is part of the sucrose molecule
d.It is sweeter tasting than sucrose
16) Which of the following are precursors of urea synthesis?
a.All amino acids
b.Animal proteins only
c.Essential amino acids only
d.Nonessential amino acids only
17) When nitrogen taken into the body exceeds nitrogen losses, we say the person is in
a.a healthy state
b.nitrogen equilibrium
c.positive nitrogen balance
d.negative nitrogen balance
18) What should be the parents response when a one-year-old child wants to clumsily
spoon-feed himself?
a.Punish the child
b.Let the child eat with his fingers instead
c.Let the child try to feed himself so that he will learn
d.Gently take the spoon back and feed the child with it
19) Which of the following illustrates a deamination reaction?
a.Removal of the amino group from an amino acid
b.Separation of an amino acid from a peptide chain
c.Addition of an amino group to form a new amino acid
d.Addition of an amino acid to form a larger peptide chain
20) The easiest way to increase intake of oleic acid is to consume more
a.lard oil
b.corn oil
c.olive oil
d.safflower oil
21) Which of the following are NOT water-soluble fibers?
a.Gums
b.Pectins
c.Lignins
d.Mucilages
22) Given that protein is 16% nitrogen, how many grams of nitrogen are contained in a
2500-kcalorie diet that provides 15% of the energy as protein?
a.2.5
b.5
c.10
d.15
23) According to food labeling laws, which of the following is NOT an acceptable
synonym for nonfat milk?
a.Skim milk
b.No-fat milk
c.Zero-fat milk
d.Reduced-fat milk
24) Applying the principle of variety in food planning ensures the benefits of
a.moderation
b.vegetarianism
c.nutrient density
d.dilution of harmful substances
25) How does excess carbohydrate intake contribute to obesity?
a.It is efficiently converted to storage fat
b.It spares oxidation of body fat and dietary fat
c.It stimulates glucagon release, resulting in inhibition of fatty acid oxidation
d.It stimulates pancreatic lipase secretion, which results in higher dietary fat absorption
26) Which of the following foods is a very good source of vitamin A?
a.Corn
b.Pumpkin pie
c.Baked potato
d.Whole-grain bread
27) Which of the following is a characteristic of iron nutrition?
a.Absorption is improved on diets high in phytates
b.Iron deficiency and iron overload share some of the same signs and symptoms
c.The risk for acute iron toxicity is highest among women of childbearing age
d.Iron overload results from a genetic predisposition for excessive synthesis of ferritin
28) The environmental costs are generally lower when food is transported by
a.airplane than by train.
b.truck than by train.
c.ship than by airplane.
d.airplane than by ship.
29) Which of the following is a feature of zinc nutrition in the elderly?
a.Zinc intake is insufficient in older people
b.Excess zinc from supplements blunts the taste buds
c.Zinc deficiency stimulates the appetite for high-fat foods
d.Most medications affect zinc excretion but not absorption
30) Which of the following is a good plant source of omega-3 lipids?
a.Flax seeds
b.Safflower oil
c.Sunflower seeds
d.Corn oil margarine
31) Your aunt Thelma has been anemic for some time and was recently shown to be
deficient in copper. Which of the following explains the association of copper and
anemia?
a.Copper is required for hemoglobin synthesis
b.Copper plays a role in wound healing, which prevents excessive blood loss
c.Anemia affects synthesis of protoporphyrin, which interferes with iron absorption
d.Copper is known to protect against free radical formation, which prevents excess
damage of red blood cells
32) What are cytokines?
a.Scavengers of the immune system
b.Specialized antibodies that retain B-cell memory
c.Specialized proteins that activate responses to infection
d.Highly specific cells that attack only one type of antigen
33) Honey contains
a.both fructose and lactose
b.both glucose and galactose
c.more kcalories per teaspoon than sucrose
d.abundant amounts of calcium and iron
34) Which of the following is NOT one of the features of sulfites?
a.Improve flavor
b.Prevent oxidation
c.Destroy appreciable amounts of thiamin
d.Cause adverse reactions in some people
35) Which of the following foods provides iron in the most absorbable form?
a.Rice
b.Spinach
c.Chicken
d.Orange juice
36) Which of the following is characteristic of HIV infection in mothers who
breastfeed?
a.The virus cannot be transmitted through the breast milk
b.Breastfeeding is always prohibited for an HIV-infected mother
c.The HIV virus reverts to a dormant stage triggered by postpartum amenorrhea
d.The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding by
HIV-positive women for the first 6 months of infant life in developing countries
37) Outline the adverse effects and mechanisms of alcohol intake and of smoking on
bone health.
38) Give several examples of naturally occurring toxicants in foods and appropriate
methods to minimize exposure to them.
39) In patients with inflammatory bowel disease or Crohn’s disease, high-fiber intakes
may benefit them by
normalizing the intestinal contents throughout the colon
causing them to have lower blood pressure which accompanies Crohn’s disease
preventing weight gain that accompanies inflammatory bowel disease
all of the above
40) What is the role of vitamin A supplementation for the treatment and prevention of
infectious diseases, especially measles, in developing countries?
41) Osteoporosis can be prevented by practicing the following advice:
stop smoking
begin early administration of estrogen
take optimal amounts of calcium
all of the above
42) The American Heart Association recommends the percentage of total calories that
come from fat should not exceed
10%
20%
30%
40%
43) What are the three health concerns of the Pathway subjects being profiled for one
year?
44) Calculate a set of personal Daily Values for someone with a 3000-kcalorie diet.