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1) The industrial application of heat to inactivate most but not all bacteria in a food is
commonly known as
a.sanitization
b.sterilization
c.pasteurization
d.depathogenation
2) What is another name for bovine spongiform encephalopathy?
a.Toxoplasmosis
b.Mad cow disease
c.Type 2 Alzheimer's
d.Hypercephalopathy
3) A major side effect from the regular use of some antipsychotics, antidepressants, and
corticosteroids is
a.anemia
b.chronic constipation
c.substantial weight gain
d.insomnia, loose stool, and acid reflux.
4) A person who produces a normal amount of insulin but whose cells show suboptimal
response is said to be
a.polydipsic
b.insulin resistant
c.hyperglucagonemic
d.pancreatic beta-cell deficient
5) A less severe form of fetal alcohol syndrome is known by all of the following terms
EXCEPT
a.prenatal alcohol exposure
b.fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
c.fetal subdevelopment syndrome
d.alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder
6) Approximately how many ATP molecules are synthesized from the complete
oxidation of a molecule of palmitic acid?
a.9
b.27
c.98
d.129
7) All of the following are features of herbicide use EXCEPT
a.it pollutes the water and air.
b.it often injures more than just weeds.
c.it usually is safe for farmers to practice.
d.it encourages evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds.
8) A patient reports that since returning from overseas travel to a developing country,
she has been experiencing stomach cramps and diarrhea. Which of the following
foodborne organisms is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
a.E. coli
b.Clostridium botulinum
c.Clostridium perfringens
d.Listeria monocytogenes
9) What is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet?
a.Processed foods
b.Unprocessed foods
c.Natural salt content of foods
d.Salt added during cooking and at the table
10) Of the following nutrient needs, which is considered the most difficult to meet
during pregnancy, often because of low body stores?
a.Iron
b.Protein
c.Vitamin D
d.Vitamin B6
11) How much vitamin C is needed daily to raise blood ascorbic acid concentrations to
a maximum?
a.10 mg
b.75 mg
c.125 mg
d.200 mg
12) A low risk of cardiovascular disease correlates with high blood levels of
a.triglycerides
b.free fatty acids
c.high-density lipoproteins
d.very-low-density lipoproteins
13) Which of the following is a feature of water and nutrition?
a.Water intoxication is rare but can result in death
b.Water losses from the body are highest through the feces
c.Chronic high intakes increase the risk for bladder cancer
d.Soft water has significant concentrations of magnesium and calcium
14) The DASH diet is actually the acronym for
a.Dramatic Alternatives to Solving HIV
b.Diabetes and Sodium Hyperglycemia
c.Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
d.Disorders-Associated Severe Hyperlipidemias
15) The average daily cholesterol intake (mg) of U.S. women is about
a.110
b.230
c.360
d.925
16) Which of the following compounds provides a major storage reservoir for iron?
a.Ferritin
b.Myoglobin
c.Transferrin
d.Hemoglobin
17) Which of the following is a feature of weight gain and genetics?
a.Obese people can change their genome but not their epigenome
b.Exercise has little, if any, effect on the genetic influence on weight gain
c.Identical twins are half as likely to weigh the same compared with fraternal twins
d.Adopted children tend to have body weights more like their biological parents than
their adoptive parents
18) Which of the following is a healthy choice for protein in the USDA Food Patterns?
a.Nuts
b.Bacon
c.Baked potatoes
d.Sweet potatoes
19) Which of the following is NOT contained in an amino acid?
a.An acid group
b.An amino group
c.An aldehyde group
d.A central carbon atom
20) Which of the following are features of physical activity and exercise?
a.Neither involves mandatory body movement
b.Neither involves enhanced energy expenditure
c.Physical activity, but not exercise, involves muscle contractions
d.Exercise, but not physical activity, is thought to be vigorous, structured, and planned
21) Absorption of iron from supplements is improved by taking them with
a.tea
b.water
c.milk
d.whole-grain bread
22) A food that represents a visible fat would be
a.nuts
b.butter
c.avocados
d.chocolate
23) The study of how environmental factors influence the expression of genes without
altering the DNA is known as
a.epigenetics
b.nucleotide sequencing
c.microarray technology
d.epidemiological consequences
24) In what capacity does vitamin C function?
a.Coenzyme for energy release
b.Cofactor in collagen formation
c.Cofactor with calcium in blood coagulation
d.Coenzyme in the formation of red blood cells
25) Atrophic gastritis is typically characterized by all of the following signs EXCEPT
a.inflamed stomach mucosa
b.lack of hydrochloric acid
c.abundant bacteria in the stomach
d.insufficient secretion of pepsinogen and gastrin
26) What fraction of the U.S. population receives food assistance of some kind?
a.1/25
b.1/15
c.1/5
d.1/3
27) Television watching contributes to obesity for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
a.it promotes inactivity
b.it promotes between-meal snacking
c.it replaces time that could be spent eating
d.it gives high exposure to energy-dense foods featured in the commercial
advertisements
28) The disorder dowager's hump is associated with a long-term deficiency of
a.calcium
b.potassium
c.magnesium
d.phosphorus
29) What is the response of the thyroid gland to an iodine deficiency?
a.Increase in its size to trap more iodine
b.Increase in its size to trap more thyroxine
c.Increased release of thyroid-stimulating hormone
d.Decreased release of thyroid-stimulating hormone
30) Naturally occurring salicylates in curry, paprika, and certain teas provide the same
protective effects as low-dose
a.statins
b.aspirin
c.insulin
d.diuretics
31) A tumor that releases cells, leading to the spread of cancer to other regions of the
body, is said to
a.promote
b.augment
c.metastasize
d.infiltrate downstream
32) Among the following groups, which has the highest percentage of body water?
a.Elderly
b.Children
c.Obese people
d.Female adolescents
33) In the time between meals, what organ releases glucose to help maintain normal
blood glucose levels?
a.Liver
b.Pancreas
c.Intestines
d.Skeletal muscle
34) How is vitamin E thought to prevent hemolytic anemia?
35) Discuss the interactions between fiber and bile.
36) Exercise is encouraged early on in the treatment of diabetes because exercise can
stimulate muscles to take up 10-20 times more glucose than nonexercising muscles
prevent the heart problems associated with diabetes
prevent amputations because exercising legs are stimulated to release stored glycogen
burn excess kcalories and reduce body fat associated with the onset of diabetes
37) List several health risks associated with being underweight and with being
overweight.
38) Why do cattle ranchers and dairy farmers use bovine growth hormone? What are
the effects in people who ingest the meat and milk from cows treated with BGH?
39) Explain the difference between satiety and satiation. Give examples of nutrients
with a high or low satiating index.
40) Provide examples of how the vitamins differ from the macronutrients in terms of
structure, function, and food contents.
41) What phytochemical is present in tomato-based products?
Limonene
Tannins
Lycopene
Indoles
42) Absorption of iron from supplements is improved by taking them with
tea
meat
milk
whole grain bread
43) The hormone that is secreted when blood glucose is high is
glucagon
insulin
thyroxin
epinephrine
