1) You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments
on vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C
pill bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles to the boys. The researcher
instantly informs you that there are two errors in your research practice. What steps
should you have done differently?
a.Given all the boys the vitamin C and the girls the placebo, and told them what they
were getting
b.Distributed the bottles randomly, randomized the subjects, and told them what they
were getting
c.Told the subjects which group they were in, and prevented yourself from knowing the
contents of the pill bottles
d.Prevented yourself from knowing what was in the pill bottles, and distributed the
bottles randomly to the subjects
2) Which of the following CANNOT be formed from pyruvate in human beings?
a.Glucose
b.Fructose
c.Lactic acid
d.Linoleic acid
3) Sugar and salt are used as antimicrobial agents in foods because they prevent
microbial use of the foods
a.fat
b.water
c.protein
d.carbohydrate
4) If muscle work is anaerobic, which of the following CANNOT serve as fuel?
a.Fat
b.Protein
c.Carbohydrate
5) Of the total fat content of the most commonly eaten nuts in the United States, what is
the approximate percentage of monounsaturated fat?
a.5
b.30
c.45
d.60
6) Compared with cows milk, breast milk contains
a.less protein and calcium
b.less lactose and vitamin C
c.more fat and less carbohydrate
d.more energy and less vitamin E
7) What are the usual consequences of removing a diseased gallbladder?
a.Inability to digest fats
b.Some damage to the pancreas
c.Inability to digest carbohydrates
d.Delivery of bile directly to the small intestine
8) Which of the following is a feature of FDA regulations for genetically engineered
foods?
a.All of these foods must be specially labeled
b.All foods are required to be tested for safety
c.Only those foods for children under 5 years of age are required to be tested for safety
d.The foods are not required to be tested if their new gene simply prevents synthesis of
a protein
9) Which of the following is NOT among common side effects of taking a high-dose
calcium supplement?
a.Constipation
b.Excessive gas
c.Intestinal bloating
d.Increased iron absorption
10) Which of the following is NOT among the general characteristics of the fat-soluble
vitamins?
a.Excesses are eliminated by the kidneys
b.Absorption is via the lymphatic circulation
c.Several of them require protein carriers for transport
d.They can be stored in relatively large amounts in certain body tissues
11) What is a congregate meal?
a.A meal provided for the elderly in a place such as a community center
b.A meal prepared for the elderly that meets one-third of the Dietary Recommended
Intakes
c.A meal prepared for disadvantaged people of all ages to encourage communal
gathering of diverse population groups
d.A meal provided through the Nutrition Screening Initiative for the elderly and served
primarily to church congregations
12) Which of the following mechanisms explains why fluoride is effective in
controlling tooth decay?
a.It helps regulate calcium levels in saliva
b.It helps form decay-resistant fluorapatite
c.It inhibits growth of decay-producing bacteria
d.It changes the pH of the mouth, inhibiting bacterial growth
13) Which of the following is NOT among the direct contributors to the metabolic
syndrome?
a.Obesity
b.Hypertension
c.Insulin resistance
d.High sodium intake
14) Physiological stresses such as blood loss, burns, measles, and cancer are known
particularly to increase the risk of deficiency for
a.biotin
b.folate
c.riboflavin
d.pantothenic acid
15) Which of the following ergogenic aids increases the risk for acromegaly?
a.HMB
b.Creatine
c.Octacosanol
d.Growth hormone
16) Which of the following conditions is associated with edema?
a.Excessive use of certain drugs, which causes high excretion of water and amino acids
b.Above-normal concentration of blood proteins, which causes fluid to leak from the
blood vessels
c.Diminished concentration of the blood protein albumin, which causes fluid to leak
from the blood vessels
d.Excessive protein in the diet leading to increased retention of fluid, especially in the
extravascular spaces
17) What is the approximate weight gain (lbs) during the adolescent growth spurt?
a.5-10
b.15-25
c.35-45
d.55-75
18) A similar type of anemia is produced when there is a deficiency of either
a.riboflavin or niacin
b.vitamin B12 or folate
c.thiamin or riboflavin
d.vitamin B6 or vitamin B12
19) Which of the following is a feature of the body mass index?
a.It correlates with disease risks
b.It decreases by 1 unit for every 10 years of life
c.It provides an estimate of the fat level of the body
d.It is defined as the persons height divided by the square of the weight
20) Your roommate Demetrius is participating in a weightlifting course and complains
of a burning pain during workouts. You explain to Demetrius that the rapid breakdown
of glucose in his muscles produces large amounts of pyruvate, which leads to a fall in
pH within the muscle and that the muscle responds by converting excess pyruvate to
a.lactate
b.glycerol
c.acetyl CoA
d.amino acids
21) All of the following are features of vitamin B6 metabolism EXCEPT
a.a deficiency or toxicity leads to depression
b.its destruction and excretion are promoted by alcohol intake
c.it functions primarily as the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate
d.it enhances physical performance when supplied at a level of l mg/g of dietary protein
22) The strongest predictor for loss of bone density is a persons
a.sex
b.age
c.calcium intake
d.blood estrogen level
23) Which of the following contains the least cholesterol per serving?
a.Steamed fish
b.Steamed corn
c.Broiled chicken
d.Very lean grilled steak
24) What is the percent digestibility of most animal proteins?
a.50-65
b.70-75
c.80-85
d.90-99
25) What term describes the outcome of a diagnostic test that apparently indicates that
you do not have an infection when in reality you do?
a.True positive
b.True negative
c.False positive
d.False negative
26) Which of the following is a major binding protein for zinc?
a.Ligand
b.Ferritin
c.Hemosiderin
d.Metallothionein
27) A popular eating plan that promises quick weight loss is known as a(n)
a.fad diet
b.discretionary diet
c.spot reduction program
d.aggressive bariatric program
28) Which of the following is NOT known to be an advantage of breastfeeding?
a.Breastfed infants have lower blood pressure as adults compared with formula-fed
peers
b.Breastfed infants have lower blood cholesterol as adults compared with formula-fed
peers
c.Breastfed infants have a lower incidence of allergic reactions compared with
formula-fed infants
d.Breastfed infants born prematurely grow more slowly than formula-fed infants born
prematurely
29) Which of the following is a feature of iron nutrition in vegetarians?
a.Vegetarians absorb iron more efficiently
b.Iron utilization is inhibited by the high zinc content in grains
c.The absorption of iron is low due to the high vitamin C intake
d.More iron deficiency is found in vegetarians than in people eating a mixed diet
30) When a slice of fresh apple turns a brown color, this is most likely the result of
a.oxidation
b.dehydration
c.microbial contamination
d.ethylene oxide treatment in the ripening process
31) Discuss the role of WIC programs for women in high-risk pregnancies. Why is WIC
so effective?
32) What are the chief concerns with the use of antibiotics in livestock?
33) Explain the differences between groundwater and surface water as sources of
drinking water.
34) What is textured vegetable protein and how is it used in nutrition?
35) An effective way of treating heartburn or acid indigestion is to
drink milk
hold your breath
take antacids
drink water
36) Describe the importance of exercise with respect to stress reduction and balance in
people’s lives and its impact on type II diabetes, high blood cholesterol, and overweight.