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1) Which among the following is most commonly deficient in the worldwide
population?
a.Zinc
b.Folate
c.Calcium
d.Vitamin C
2) Which of the following is NOT among the features of the fat-soluble vitamins?
a.Require bile for absorption
b.Found in the fat and oily parts of foods
c.Transported permanently to the liver and adipose tissue
d.Pose a greater risk for developing a toxicity than water-soluble vitamins
3) Which of the following is a program that provides low-income older adults with
coupons that are exchangeable for fresh vegetables and fruits at community-supported
farmers markets and roadside stands?
a.Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program
b.Food Security for the Disadvantaged Elderly
c.Old Age and Survivors Health Benefits Program
d.Elderly Nutrition and Maintenance Food Co-Op
4) How many minerals are known to be required in the diet of human beings?
a.6
b.12
c.16
d.24
5) What is the highest age group recognized in the Dietary Reference Intakes?
a.40 years and over
b.50 years and over
c.65 years and over
d.71 years and older
6) Which of the following is NOT among the nutrient characteristics of human breast
milk?
a.The sodium content is low
b.The zinc is highly bioavailable
c.The iron is highly bioavailable
d.The vitamin D content meets optimal growth requirements
7) Which of the following is a feature of the exchange list system?
a.Foods are grouped according to their source
b.Adequate intakes of minerals and vitamins are virtually guaranteed
c.A fat portion provides about twice the energy as a carbohydrate portion
d.All foods are grouped according to their content of carbohydrate, protein, and fats
8) The lower esophageal sphincter is also known as the
a.reflux restrainer
b.cardiac sphincter
c.perihepatic control valve
d.reverse peristalsis inhibitor
9) Which of the following is a feature of folate nutrition?
a.The coenzyme form is FAD
b.Dairy foods are a poor source of folate except for goats milk
c.Insufficient folate intake results in deficiency of homocysteine
d.Synthetic folate is 70% more available than naturally occurring food folate
10) What is the minimum amount of fluid that an athlete should drink for each pound of
body weight lost during an activity?
a.1/4 liter
b.1/2 liter
c.1 liter
d.2 liters
11) Which of the following is NOT among the common food sources of potassium?
a.Cheeses
b.Potatoes
c.Fresh fruits
d.Orange juice
12) Which of the following is a feature of blood triglycerides and risk for coronary
heart disease?
a.High triglyceride levels are now designated as a major risk factor
b.Elevated triglycerides are not an independent risk factor
c.High triglyceride levels correlate strongly with high HDL levels, which is a predictor
for low risk
d.Triglyceride concentrations are low in very-low-density lipoproteins, which correlate
with risk for metabolic syndrome
13) Which of the following is a characteristic of heavy metals in the U.S. food supply?
a.Virtually all fish contain mercury
b.Mercury contamination of fish is most severe in tuna
c.Toxicity is most severe in the elderly population group
d.Contamination is usually greater in farm-raised fish than in ocean fish
14) What is the function of MFP factor?
a.Enhances iron absorption
b.Acts as an iron enrichment nutrient
c.Simulates metallothionein synthesis
d.Acts as chelating agent for iron toxicity treatment
15) Matching
1>Term that designates the ability of a substance to harm living organisms if enough is
consumed
2>Term designating that a substance is possibly toxic under normal use conditions
3>Typical foodborne infection that results from eating undercooked or raw shellfish
4>The act of concentrating contaminants within the flesh of animals high on the food
chain
5>Toxic compound common in cabbage, turnips, and radishes
6>Poisonous narcotic-like substance present in potato sprouts
7>Term that describes the maximum amount of a pesticide residue permitted on a food
when the chemical is used according to directions
8>Term that indicates that the risks for consumption of pesticides on foods are
acceptable
9>Acronym for a list of food additives long believed to be safe
10>Zone between the normal concentration used and that in which a hazard exists
11>Class of substances that are purposely added to foods
12>Substance added to cured meats to preserve color
13>Carcinogenic substances formed within the stomach
14>Organization that is responsible for certifying food colors
15>A food additive known to destroy thiamin
16>A preservative commonly used in snack foods to slow the development of
off-flavors, odors, and color changes
17>Flavor enhancer
18>Hormone that promotes growth and milk production in cows
19>Substance used to remove caffeine from coffee
20>Organization that is responsible for ensuring that public water systems meet
minimum health standards
A.BGH B.BHT C.EPA D.FDA E.MSG F.GRAS G.Safe H.Sulfite I.Hazard J.Nitrite
K.Toxicity L.Solanine M.Hepatitis N.Goitrogen O.Nitrosamines P.Bioaccumulation
Q.Margin of Safety R.Tolerance
16) Approximately what minimum percentage of all grains consumed by a person
should be whole grains?
a.20
b.35
c.50
d.100
17) Which of the following is a feature of warfarin use and vitamin K utilization?
a.Warfarin blocks vitamin K absorption
b.Orange juice intake interferes with warfarins effects on vitamin K
c.Dietary vitamin K intake determines the amount of warfarin prescribed
d.The tyramine content of aged meats interferes with binding of vitamin K to warfarin
18) Tryptophan can be used in the body to synthesize
a.FAD
b.biotin
c.niacin
d.inositol
19) The cell's proteome consists of
a.all nucleotide bases
b.all the protein in the cell
c.the ratio of DNA to RNA
d.the protein metabolic apparatus
20) In the scientific method, a tentative solution to a problem is called the
a.theory
b.prediction
c.hypothesis
d.correlation
21) Which of the following is a common treatment for pernicious anemia caused by
inadequate absorption?
a.Injection of cobalamin
b.Topical administration of liver extract
c.Oral supplements of B-vitamin complex
d.A diet high in liver and green, leafy vegetables
22) What is the standard chemical used to remove caffeine from coffee beans?
a.Nitric acid
b.Sodium propionate
c.Methylene chloride
d.Polybrominated biphenyl
23) Taking into account the efficiency of intestinal absorption of iron, approximately
how much dietary iron must be consumed to account for the iron lost by donating a pint
of blood?
a.5 mg
b.15 mg
c.50 mg
d.100 mg
24) Which of the following describes a known association with coronary heart disease
(CHD)?
a.In men, CHD begins 10-15 years earlier than in women
b.Women who take estrogen to reduce the risk for osteoporosis are at significantly
higher risk for CHD
c.Men with blood cholesterol levels in the borderline-high range account for up to 10%
of all deaths from CHD
d.Women younger than 45 years of age tend to have higher LDL cholesterol than do
men of that age, but this difference disappears after menopause
25) Which of the following is NOT among the risk factors for coronary heart disease
that can be minimized by behavioral change?
a.Inactivity
b.Smoking
c.Heredity
d.Hypertension
26) Improvements in nutrient composition, such as when corn is genetically modified to
contain higher amounts of its limiting amino acids, is a strategy known as
a.biofortification
b.reverse DNA enrichment
c.USDA approved enrichment
d.frankenfood transdevelopment
27) As the newly appointed director of International Supplementation for the World
Health Organization (WHO), you propose supplementing the diets of malnourished
populations worldwide with nutrients that would markedly improve health and
well-being. Which of the following nutrients is least likely to be lacking?
a.Iron
b.Iodine
c.Vitamin A
d.Vitamin D
28) What is the approximate fluoride concentration in community water supplies?
a.1 ppm
b.2 ppm
c.2.5 ppm
d.4 ppm
29) Approximately what percentage of the worlds population experiences persistent
hunger?
a.4
b.13
c.19
d.50
30) Which of the following is a characteristic of aging and the immune system?
a.Immunity in older people does not seem to be affected by regular exercise
b.In the United States, infectious diseases are a minor cause of deaths in the elderly
c.Immune function does not decline with age in people who maintain good nutrition
d.Antibiotics are often ineffective in treating infections in older people who have
deficient immune systems
31) Why is taking vitamin C ineffective at enhancing iron absorption from standard
iron supplements?
a.The iron in the supplement is in a chelated form
b.The iron in the supplement is already in the ferrous form
c.The iron in the supplement binds irreversibly with vitamin C
d.The iron supplement already contains MFP to enhance absorption
32) Why do health care professionals prefer to use BMI and waist circumference in
preference to other measures of body composition for assessment of health risk?
33) An extreme surgical procedure, such as a gastric bypass, produces dramatic weight
loss in morbidly obese people by
restricting the size of the stomach so it holds less food
stimulating the hypothalamus to not respond to excess food
shortening the GI tract so that food is not absorbed
reducing the length of the colon so food passes quickly
34) Describe the psychological development of children who become overweight.
35) Fatigue is the first reliable sign that a person is
36) When food is overly important or not attended to properly in the family, experts
have found that there
are more eating disorders
are fewer incidences of binging and purging
is a greater chance for discipline problems
all of the above
37) People could reduce the edema that accompanies high salt intakes by increasing
their intake of
38) What are the major differences between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism? Give an
example of an aerobic reaction and an anaerobic reaction.
39) Marasmus can be characterized as a condition in which
overeating results in bloating and edema
the person is starving from total malnutrition
the immune system is impaired, allowing for microbe attack
b and c
40) Discuss common methods for determining the energy content of foods and energy
expenditure of individuals.
41) Discuss changes in brain neuron levels with aging and factors that protect brain
function.
