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1) Chronic excess alcohol intake leads to all of the following effects on folate EXCEPT
a.the small intestine recycles more folate
b.the liver releases more folate into the blood
c.the kidneys excrete more folate via the urine
d.the small intestine absorbs less folate from the diet
2) Which of the following is a characteristic of free radicals?
a.They are destroyed by cigarette smoking
b.They arise from normal metabolic reactions
c.They typically stop chain reactions associated with the production of peroxides
d.They are known to accumulate even in the presence of abundant antioxidant nutrients
3) Under normal circumstances, what is the average percentage of dietary iron that is
absorbed from a mixed diet?
a.10
b.18
c.33
d.60
4) Jim, a college baseball player, tells you that he has started to take glutamine
supplements. How would you advise him?
a.As long as he keeps the dose under 10 g/day, the benefits outweigh the costs
b.Since he plays baseball, he should consider taking alanine supplements instead
c.Since he plays baseball, he should consider taking tryptophan supplements instead
d.Since single amino acids do not occur naturally in foods, they offer no benefit to the
body and may even be harmful
5) Common symptoms of foodborne illness caused by the Salmonella organism include
all of the following EXCEPT
a.diarrhea
b.vomiting
c.abdominal cramps
d.low body temperature
6) Which of the following describes an infant born during the 43rd week of pregnancy?
a.Term
b.Preterm
c.Post term
d.Caesarean
7) Which of the following is a characteristic of antibiotic use in animals raised for
human consumption?
a.Antibiotics are used in animal feed to enhance growth
b.Antibiotic use in dairy cows often gives the milk off-flavors
c.The antibiotic levels are essentially zero by the time the food reaches consumers
d.Although some antibiotics may be present in the food, the level is too low to induce
adverse side effects even in sensitive people
8) Which of the following is most likely to occur from a prolonged dietary deficiency of
vitamin A?
a.Osteomalacia
b.Osteoporosis
c.Xerophthalmia
d.Prolonged blood-clotting time
9) A person who is starving is losing
a.fat only
b.glycogen only
c.glycogen and fat only
d.glycogen, protein, and fat
10) What minimum percentage of body weight loss as water results in fatigue,
weakness, and loss of appetite?
a.1-2
b.3-4
c.5-6
d.7-8
11) Since 1960, how have blood cholesterol levels and deaths from CVD among U.S.
adults changed over time?
a.A continuous upward trend for both
b.A continuous downward trend for both
c.A fall in cholesterol but a rise in CVD deaths
d.An upward trend for cholesterol but a reduction in CVD deaths
12) Which of the following is a role for diet in physical activity?
a.Diets high in fat lead to a fall in amino acid utilization for fuel
b.Diets lacking in carbohydrates lead to increased amino acid utilization for fuel
c.Deficiencies of vitamins have no effect on performance provided that all other
nutrients are adequate
d.Deficiencies of minerals have no effect on performance provided that all other
nutrients are adequate
13) What ratio (mg:g) of calcium to protein intake is believed to promote optimal bone
health?
a.2:1
b.9:1
c.20:1
d.45:1
14) Which of the following is NOT a feature of vitamin D nutrition?
a.A dietary source is oily fish
b.The DRI fails to account for skin synthesis of vitamin D
c.Excessive exposure to the sun increases risk for vitamin D toxicity
d.People who are not outdoors are advised to drink at least 2 cups of vitamin D-fortified
milk daily
15) How much more grain is consumed by livestock than by people?
a.About the same
b.One-half as much
c.5 times as much
d.10 times as much
16) It is acceptable for people with diabetes to consume all of the following EXCEPT
a.alcohol in moderation
b.protein intakes representing 15-20% of total kcalories
c.sugar intake in amounts similar to the general population
d.saturated fat intake in amounts similar to the general population
17) The percent bioavailability of a folate supplement taken on an empty stomach is
a.5
b.25
c.50
d.100
18) To serve its function in oxygen delivery to body tissues, iron must interact closely
with
a.copper and vitamin C
b.selenium and iodine
c.zinc and vitamin A
d.chromium and calcium
19) Which of the following is an effect of exercise on protein metabolism?
a.Protein synthesis is inhibited during exercise
b.Protein use as a fuel is lowest in endurance athletes
c.Protein use during physical performance is generally not related to carbohydrate
content of the diet
d.Protein synthesis is increased slightly during exercise but thereafter diminishes by a
like amount to remain in balance
20) Your nephew Jimmy, who is 10 years old, has told you that his body doesnt make
insulin. He confides in you that he craves candy but was told by his parents that he can
only eat sugar-free snacks. From which of the following conditions does Jimmy most
likely suffer?
a.Hyperactivity
b.Type 1 diabetes
c.Type 2 diabetes
d.Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
21) Which of the following is a feature of copper nutrition?
a.Absorption efficiency is similar to that of iron
b.It is involved in collagen synthesis and wound healing
c.Soft water may provide significant amounts in the diet
d.Deficiency is common in children of Middle East countries
22) Which of the following is a characteristic of sports anemia?
a.It requires prolonged treatment
b.It is a temporary condition requiring no treatment
c.It responds to treatment only with high doses of iron
d.It is due primarily to increased iron loss via perspiration
23) What is the average lifespan of red blood cells?
a.Two weeks
b.One month
c.Four months
d.Six months
24) Approximately what fraction of the bodys total glycogen content is found in the
liver?
a.1/10
b.1/4
c.1/3
d.
25) Excess alcohol intake leads to a reduction in the synthesis rate of
a.liver fat
b.liver glucose
c.ketone bodies
d.acetyl CoA molecules
26) Which of the following is a characteristic of carotenoids in foods?
a.They are found in many vegetables and fruits
b.Most carotenoids can be converted to vitamin A
c.Carotenoid absorption is inhibited by foods rich in chlorophyll
d.The carotenoid with the highest conversion rate to vitamin A is lycopene
27) Which of the following is NOT among markers for inflammation as a risk factor for
cardiovascular disease?
a.CRP
b.Ephedra
c.Lp-PLA (2)
d.LDL cholesterol
28) Approximately how many more kcalories does the average active adult need versus
the average sedentary adult?
a.400-600
b.750-1,000
c.about 1,000
d.at least 2,000
29) Surveys show that U.S. adults average intake of fat as a percentage of total energy
intake is
a.20
b.27
c.34
d.55
30) Studies show that a 1% increase in dietary saturated fatty acids will raise the risk of
heart disease by what percentage?
a.0.5
b.1.0
c.2.0
d.5.0
31) What happens to the risk for CVD for a person with a blood pressure of 120/90?
a.It is halved
b.It is doubled
c.It is unchanged
d.It is reduced by 25%
32) According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, how many people in
the United States experience foodborne illnesses every year?
a.0.5 million
b.12 million
c.48 million
d.150 million
33) Which of the following does NOT typically decrease in starvation?
a.Metabolic rate
b.Mental alertness
c.Immune function
d.Body temperature
34) As a registered dietitian at Jones Hospital, you are instructed to write a policy
statement on nutrition assessment procedures for all new patients. Which of the
following are the most useful parameters for the nutrition assessment of individuals?
a.Diet recall, food likes and dislikes, allergies, favorite family recipes
b.Anthropometric data, physical examinations, food likes and dislikes, family tree
c.Diet record that includes what the patient usually eats, which will provide sufficient
information
d.Historical information, anthropometric data, physical examinations, laboratory tests
35) Which of the following has a favorable influence on fertility?
a.Having excess body fat
b.Being an underweight female
c.Choosing diets high in antioxidants if youre male
d.Eliminating low-glycemic carbohydrates from the diet
36) Which of the following is a characteristic of botulism?
a.It is rarely fatal and victims usually recover completely
b.It is caused by a toxic compound rather than by invasion of pathogenic bacteria
c.It is caused by ingestion of food contaminated with a combination of aflatoxin and
mold
d.It most often occurs from eating foods that were stored under aerobic conditions of
high pH
37) An omega-3 fatty acid has its first double bond on the
a.third carbon from the acid end
b.first 3 carbons from the acid end
c.third carbon from the methyl end
d.first 3 carbons from the methyl end
38) What fraction of the days energy expenditure of the average person is represented
by the basal metabolism?
a.About 1/10
b.Up to 1/2
c.About 2/3
d.Over 9/10
39) Describe the consequences of malnutrition on conception and early pregnancy.
40) What is the poverty-obesity paradox?
41) What is the association between chronic inflammation and the metabolic syndrome?
42) Cite one guideline to determine if an infant is getting enough food.
43) List dietary guidelines for fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol for children older than
age 2.
44) Discuss riboflavin nutrition including functions, risk factors for deficiency,
symptoms of deficiency, food sources, and stability.
45) The function of belching is to rid the small intestine or stomach of
46) What is the rationale for consuming liberal quantities of fruits, vegetables, nuts,
low-fat milk, and low-fat foods in the prevention and treatment of hypertension?
47) Cite examples of outbreaks of foodborne infections from consumption of food
products sold by the food industry.
48) Discuss the health benefits of substituting nuts for other sources of fat in the diet.
