1) To convert the number of tocopherol equivalents to alpha-tocopherol, multiply by the
factor
a.0.8
b.1.4
c.2.0
d.3.3
2) A person wishing to increase consumption of polyunsaturated fats should choose
a.coconut oil
b.beef products
c.vegetable oils
d.dairy products
3) When consumed in excess, which of the following is most likely to lead to diarrhea?
a.Fiber
b.Sucrose
c.Wheat starch
d.Sugar alcohols
4) Margarine enriched with phytosterols is known to
a.reduce blood cholesterol
b.lower thermogenesis by 10%
c.stimulate soluble fiber fermentation
d.raise absorption efficiency of vitamin B12
5) All of the following are mild symptoms of dehydration EXCEPT
a.thirst
b.fatigue
c.weakness
d.spastic muscles
6) Which of the following is inappropriate advice on sanitation for someone traveling
to another country?
a.Drink all beverages without ice
b.Drink bottled carbonated beverages
c.Boil the local water before use to kill microbes
d.Eat fruits and vegetables raw with their skins to decrease risk from wash-water
contamination
7) Which of the following is FALSE regarding iron nutrition in pregnancy?
a.The mineral is conserved during this period
b.Absorption of the mineral increases due to higher blood transferrin
c.Most women enter pregnancy with adequate stores of the mineral
d.Stores of the mineral are transferred to the fetus even with low dietary intake
8) Which of the following substances is known to adversely affect folate utilization?
a.Insulin
b.Calcium supplements
c.Regular use of antacids
d.Vitamin B12 supplements
9) With few exceptions, all of the following substances or practices should be totally
eliminated during pregnancy EXCEPT
a.cigarette smoking
b.weight-loss dieting
c.artificial sweeteners
d.alcohol consumption
10) A health magazine contacted you for your expert opinion on what measure best
describes the amounts of nutrients that should be consumed by the population. Your
reply should be:
a.The Dietary Reference Intakes because they are a set of nutrient intake values for
healthy people in the United States and Canada
b.The Tolerable Upper Intake levels because they are the maximum daily amount of a
nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people
c.The Estimated Average Requirements because they reflect the average daily amount
of a nutrient that will maintain a specific function in half of the healthy people of a
population
d.The Recommended Dietary Allowances because they represent the average daily
amount of a nutrient considered adequate to meet the known nutrient needs of
practically all healthy people
11) The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n)
a.peroxide
b.coenzyme
c.antioxidant
d.free radical
12) Approximately what percentage of alcohol in the body is eliminated via the urine
and breath?
a.1
b.2
c.10
d.25
13) What is the function of bile?
a.Emulsifies fats
b.Initiates digestion of protein
c.Enhances absorption of complex carbohydrates
d.Protects the stomach and small intestine from the action of hydrochloric acid
14) Which of the following is NOT among the features of potassium deficiency?
a.It leads to hyperglycemia
b.It leads to higher blood pressure
c.It can be prevented by consumption of potatoes
d.It is common due to availability of only a few good food sources
15) Potatoes that are fried or baked at high temperatures are a source of the carcinogen
a.glioma
b.creatine
c.acrylamide
d.benzo(a)pyrene
16) What term describes agricultural practices that are designed to minimize use of
energy and chemicals?
a.Integrated production
b.Progressive agriculture
c.Sustainable agriculture
d.Resource management production
17) Which of the following is a characteristic of iron deficiency and behavior?
a.Erythrocyte iron levels fall before mental alertness is affected
b.Moderate iron deficiency promotes constipation and hyperactivity
c.Mild iron deficiency impairs energy metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis
d.Iron deficiency increases risk for infections that promote dysfunctional behavior
18) Lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of
a.amino acids
b.double bonds
c.saccharide units
d.peptide linkages
19) About how much iron is absorbed from a vegetarian diet compared with an
omnivorous diet?
a.The same
b.One-half as much
c.Twice as much
d.Three times as much
20) What nutrient deficiency during pregnancy may give rise to a child with cretinism?
a.Iodine
b.Copper
c.Chromium
d.Molybdenum
21) Which of the following is a characteristic of farm irrigation?
a.It makes the soil more porous
b.It helps preserve the water supply
c.It contributes to soil preservation
d.It increases the salt content in the soil
22) Clinically severe obesity is also known as
a.morbid obesity
b.metabolic syndrome
c.leptin-resistant obesity
d.psychological-resistant syndrome
23) Which of the following is a characteristic of fat cell development?
a.The amount of fat in the body is substantially determined by the size of the fat cells
b.More and larger fat cells are found in obese people compared with healthy-weight
persons
c.Fat cell number increases most readily during early adulthood, when energy
expenditure declines
d.Fat cells may enlarge but not increase in number upon reaching the age of 50 in males
and reaching menopause in women
24) Pat has gained about 20 pounds in the past 5 years and has come to you for help
with a diet and exercise regimen. In order to promote optimal fat loss through exercise,
in which of the following activities should Pat participate?
a.Wearing an electrical impulse belt throughout the day
b.Low- to moderate-intensity aerobic exercise like hiking
c.High-intensity aerobic activity like cycling, swimming, or running
d.Very high-intensity anaerobic activity like a 1/4-mile run at maximal speed
25) Which of the following is NOT among the general characteristics of the
water-soluble vitamins?
a.They must be consumed daily
b.Toxic levels in the body are rarely found
c.They are absorbed directly into the blood
d.Excesses are eliminated by the kidneys
26) Which of the following symptoms is indicative of a deficiency of vitamin C?
a.Hair loss
b.Muscle spasms
c.Bilateral symmetrical dermatitis
d.Subcutaneous pinpoint hemorrhages
27) Which of the following is a leading cause of both blindness and kidney failure?
a.Cancer
b.Diabetes
c.HIV/AIDS
d.Atherosclerosis
28) A.Discuss the bioavailability of the various calcium supplements.
B.How can you easily test a supplement pills ability to dissolve?
29) Which of the following is a feature of weight-loss remedies?
a.Dietary supplements are not necessarily tested for safety or effectiveness
b.Body wraps and creams that have FDA approval are helpful for weight-reduction
regimes
c.Sauna baths may reach temperatures high enough to melt visceral but not
subcutaneous fat stores
d.Hot baths raise the metabolic rate by 5-10% for 1-2 hours and may serve as part of a
general weight-loss program
30) What is the risk of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome for a woman who is
40 years old compared with a 20 year old?
a.One-half as much
b.About the same
c.25 times higher
d.100 times higher
31) Regular use of antacids is known to interfere significantly with absorption of all of
the following EXCEPT
a.iron
b.biotin
c.folate
d.vitamin B12
32) What is a major function of hemosiderin?
a.Enhances absorption of zinc and copper
b.Protects the body against free iron release
c.Transports iron from the intestines to the liver
d.Recycles iron from old red blood cells to the bone marrow
33) Which of the following is a characteristic of maternal nutrition and the development
of abnormal metabolism?
a.Malnutrition during pregnancy leads to macrosomia and GI disturbances in the
offspring
b.Insufficient nutrient intake during pregnancy promotes hypertrophy of the kidneys
and hypotension in adulthood
c.Nutrition during pregnancy is the chief determinant of pancreatic beta cell growth and
thus affects the risk for type 2 diabetes of the offspring
d.Malnutrition during pregnancy programs the fetus to modify the genetic composition
of the placenta and thereby alter nutrient delivery through the umbilical cord
34) Recommended Dietary Allowances are based on the
a.Lower Tolerable Limit
b.Upper Tolerable Limit
c.Subclinical Deficiency Value
d.Estimated Average Requirement
35) Which of the following statements reflects current knowledge of food choices in
pregnancy?
a.A craving for pickles is a strong indicator that the body needs salt
b.A craving for milk is a strong indicator that the body needs calcium and/or
phosphorus
c.Careful and appropriate selection of foods can meet all nutrient needs for most
women
d.Cravings and aversions to certain foods are probably the result of altered taste and
smell sensitivities induced by hormones
36) The process by which bile acts on fat so enzymes can attack the fat is known as
a.condensation
b.emulsification
c.enzymification
d.phosphorylation
37) The function of a protease is to
a.hydrolyze proteins
b.synthesize proteins
c.hydrolyze ribosomes
d.synthesize ribosomes
38) The process whereby messenger RNA is made from a DNA template is
a.expression
b.sequencing
c.transcription
d.ribosome assembly
39) Explain, through the use of examples, the risk versus benefit relationship of
therapeutic intervention.
40) List at least 6 symptoms that are associated with the contraction of foodborne
illness.
41) Compare and contrast the properties of four common sugars (added sugars) used by
the food industry.
42) Provide examples of nonfood cravings common in pregnant women.
43) Describe the features of marasmus in children and rehabilitation methods.
44) Fluoride deficiency is best known to lead to
dental decay
osteoporosis
discoloration of teeth
nutritional muscular dystrophy
45) Explain the feeding pattern of healthy breastfed infants.
46) Compare and contrast the features of kwashiorkor and marasmus.
47) What factors are associated with vitamin B12 inadequacy other than low intake?
48) While shopping at the supermarket, you overhear a man say that, because he was
diagnosed with a mild case of atherosclerosis, he intends to become a vegan so as to
eliminate all cholesterol from his diet and his body. Discuss the validity of his rationale.