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1) behavioral therapies are based on the idea that: a.distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors b.behavior is learned c.behavior is influenced by unconscious motives d.none of the above 2) events that are particularly stressful for humans are those that are: a.boring […]

1) milo is training for an international chess competition and thinks that if he increases his brain volume he will do better in the competition. which of the following actions should milo take to increase his brain volume? a.reduce the […]

1) john wants to teach his pet to do a trick. based on the partial-reinforcement extinction effect, what type(s) of reinforcement should he use if he wants to ensure enduring, stable behavior? a.continuous b.partial c.first continuous, then partial d.first partial, […]

1) a psychophysicist would be most directly concerned with: a.our psychological reactions to physical stress b.the effects of genetics on the endocrine system c.the effect of neurotransmitters on depression d.the relation between the wavelength of light and the experience of […]

1) the phrase adrenaline rush refers to the action of the neurotransmitter: a.dopamine b.serotonin c.acetylcholine d.epinephrine 2) when did you first learn to recognize your mothers voice? a.while still in the womb b.after turning a week old c.not until about […]

1) the precise way a researcher measures and defines a variable is known as the: a.operational definition b.response accuracy c.stimulus judgment d.central tendency 2) two ways that hostility can affect the body are through stress on the heart and: a.increased […]

1) what does the occurrence of spontaneous recovery tell you about the functional properties of extinction? a.extinction is a new form of learning, but it only inhibits rather than deletes the learned association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned […]

1) which of the following philosophers is most noted for promoting dualism as an explanation of the mind/body problem? a.ren descartes b.leonardo da vinci c.hippocrates d.sigmund freud 2) which of the following statements is true? a.monozygotic twins have the same […]

1) if dr. arzun is using the biopsychosocial model as a frame of reference for understanding heart disease, she will be most likely to recommend which of the following for a patient with heart disease? a.medication b.exercise c.stress reduction d.all […]

1) which of the following does not characterize borderline personality disorder? a.social phobia b.weak sense of self c.self-mutilation d.emotional instability 2) which of the following sequences accurately reflects the order in which light stimulates cells early in the visual processing […]

1) one of the best ways to remember factual information is to relate it to something personal. in this way, you are taking advantage of your _____ memory to aid retrieval from your _____ memory. a.implicit; explicit b.semantic; episodic c.episodic; […]

1) scientists conduct _____, which involves the careful and systematic collection of data. a.hypotheses b.replication c.research d.reliability 2) immune functioning and the experience of positive events have been shown to: a.be negatively correlated b.have a random relationship c.be positively correlated […]

1) you know that genetics has given your new baby sister innate traits, such as how to suckle and cry. yet some people tell you that she is born knowing nothing. these people believe in _____, which says that the […]

1) frank tong and colleagues superimposed a house onto a face and asked participants to make judgments about what they saw. what were the participants brain responses? a.the brain activity changed depending on whether participants reported seeing a house or […]

1) which form of psychotherapy emphasizes the modification of distorted or faulty thinking? a.group therapy b.humanistic therapy c.cognitive therapy d.behavioral therapy 2) a person who has emotion regulation skills would be said to: a.act appropriately in difficult situations b.have awkward […]

1) in terms of how they explain their partners behavior, the happiest couples: a.explain each others behavior in very realistic terms b.criticize bad behavior c.make partner-enhancing attributions d.completely ignore bad behavior 2) the law that states that the just noticeable […]

1) as discussed in your textbook, the fact that monkeys tend to experience fear if fear is displayed by other monkeys suggests that: a.a biological predisposition to be generally anxious may exist b.situational factors play a role in anxiety development […]

1) hayley has a snake phobia. she has always avoided situations in which she may encounter a snake, and she will even avoid viewing pictures of them. if hayleys therapist approaches her problem from a behavioral perspective, he may use: […]

1) what are some of the changes that a developmental psychologist might be interested in studying? a.cognitive b.physiological c.social d.all of the above 2) alice and joanne take the same test of mathematical ability. alice is told about stereotype threat […]

1) someone who is interested in studying age-related developmental changes as they unfold over time would likely use what type of descriptive design? a.naturalistic observation b.participant observation c.longitudinal study d.cross-sectional study 2) the variable that a researcher manipulates in an […]

1) dr. haverford suggests to her patient that the patients mood problems stem from serotonin dysregulation, but mentions nothing about social or behavioral factors related to mood. dr. haverford is using which approach to understanding the patients problems? a.the intradisciplinary […]

1) if you hold a pencil in your teeth, forcing you to raise the edges of your lips into a sort of smile, you will _____, as predicted by the _____. a.begin to feel happy; facial feedback hypothesis b.begin to […]

1) if your house was selectively permeable like a neuron, which of the following situations would be most likely? a.everyone would be welcome to enter. b.all the doors would be open. c.only certain people would be allowed inside. d.no one […]

1) after surgery, split-brain patients typically seem very normal. why? a.it takes time for the brain to realize what has happened; the patients soon become disorganized. b.neurogenesis occurs rapidly and repairs the brain after the surgery. c.while the two hemispheres […]

1) the use of tranquilizers to control anxiety disorders: a.is problematic because many of these drugs are addictive b.is ideal because most of these drugs are not addictive c.increases the presence of an excitatory neurotransmitter d.is most effective for phobias […]

1) there is a loaf of bread behind a container of milk on the table in front of you. you see the bread as a single loaf rather than two half loaves, one on either side of the milk container. […]

1) across most of the anxiety disorders, it has been shown that the best treatment approach typically is: a.the use of drugs specifically developed to deal with the disorder b.the use of psychotherapy or some variant of it c.the use […]

1) when milgram decreased the physical distance between the teacher and the learner in his obedience studies so that the teacher could see the learner, the level of compliance: a.decreased b.increased c.did not change d.either a or c 2) your […]

1) you might think of the pituitary gland as the master gland because it: a.is in the brain, the master of the body b.allows for the mastery of skills c.facilitates cognitive mastery of problems d.controls the release of hormones throughout […]

1) the link between working memory and attention is most likely due to: a.processing speed b.storage capacity c.processing strategies d.maintaining attention 2) if culture y places a high value on conformity, when might people in culture y be likely to […]

1) who would be most likely to agree with the statement, psychologists should study that which is observable? a.cognitive psychologist b.behavioral psychologist c.developmental psychologist d.industrial/organizational psychologist 2) if working through unconscious conflicts is central to healthy personality in freuds theory, […]

1) the advantage of studying monozygotic twins is that: a.all of their behaviors are identical b.they are treated the same in their environment c.they are easy to locate and track for research d.they are genetically identical 2) it has gotten […]

1) according to the cognitive view of anxiety disorders: a.anxious individuals have a difference in their brains that predisposes them to develop anxiety disorders b.anxious individuals perceive ambiguous or neutral situations as more threatening than do nonanxious individuals c.anxious responses […]

1) according to an important current model of psychopathology, psychopathology is often the result of: a.both a diathesis and stress b.unconscious urges c.primarily environmental factors d.primarily biological dysfunction 2) evidence suggests that some individuals are more prone to become regular […]

1) a social interaction during which a person responds to suggestions to experience changes in memory, perception, and voluntary action is also called: a.a hallucination b.an illusion c.unconsciousness d.hypnosis 2) which of the following statements is false? a.self-esteem evaluates personal […]

1) an important criticism of the rorschach inkblot test is that: a.it identifies too many normal people as psychologically disturbed b.it works well for women but not for men c.children cannot be tested with it d.it reveals unconscious but not […]

1) in the nervous system, cells called _____ receive, integrate, and transmit information. a.axons b.neurons c.dendrites d.glial cells 2) margot is an air force pilot stationed for the past six months in a war zone. you would expect her immune […]

1) marijuana has been known to produce memory effects in long-time users. this result is most likely due to the altering of a large percentage of _____ receptors in the _____ of the brain. a.cannabinoid; frontal lobe b.cannabinoid; hippocampus c.acth; […]

1) data collection is particularly problematic when a researcher uses participant observation because: a.the researcher is able to make use of only closed-ended questions b.the researcher fails to recognize the third variable problem c.random error occurs in the initial stages […]

1) two longtime friends, joyce and laurie, want to get back in touch with their childhood friend rhonda, but they do not know whether she still lives in the area. joyce randomly selects phone numbers from the local phonebook and […]

1) dr. brierly wishes to study the response of the autonomic nervous system to emotionally arousing stimuli. the best approach for such research is that of: a.experience sampling b.psychophysiological assessment c.participant observation d.reactivity 2) according to skinner, what consequence is […]

1) a false sensory perception experienced without external sources is a: a.delusion b.hallucination c.loosening of association d.none of the above 2) in freuds model, mental activity is: a.divided into three zones or levels b.more important than the unconscious c.the domain […]

1) a grocery store manager decides to combat shoplifting by requiring customers to pay somewhat more than the estimated cost of their groceries when they enter the store, and get their change when they leave. customers are confused and unhappy […]

1) dr. jahoda sees his patients problems as a result of distorted beliefs based on prior learning experiences. dr. jahoda is most clearly a: a.behaviorist b.humanist c.neo-freudian d.cognitive-behavioralist 2) according to bowlbys theory of attachment: a.infants have a set of […]

1) a surgical team was operating in a rural hospital without a backup electrical generator. the power went out. to provide light for the surgery, they collected all the cell phones in the hospital and turned them on. the operation […]

1) which of the following types of evidence provided the foundation for freudian theory? a.survey responses of large samples of adults b.observations of adults in everyday contexts c.case studies of patients in therapy d.laboratory studies of animal behavior 2) an […]

1) floyd has always tended to have love-hate relationships with people who are close to him. he constantly worries about whether people will leave him so he smothers them with affection only to feel rejected and disappointed when they back […]

1) recall your texts discussion of the cognitive approach in psychology. during which decade did cognitive neuroscience become an influential field in cognitive psychology? a.the 1960s b.the 1970s c.the 1990s d.the 2000s 2) individuals suffering from serious anxiety have all […]

1) if a political candidate wants to create a positive image that will convince people to contribute throughout a long campaign, the candidate should use campaign materials that: a.feature endorsements from prominent people b.involve short emotional attacks on the opponent […]

1) remembering how to ride a bike is an example of which type of memory? a.declarative b.procedural c.sensory d.explicit 2) self-report questions in which the investigator provides answers from which the respondent chooses are called: a.closed-ended b.observational c.controlled d.experimental Answer: […]

1) in order for us to experience the world as a continuous stream of information, one experience is kept in the brain while we move to the next experience. this overlap is a function of: a.short-term memory b.long-term memory c.working […]

1) mandy believes all engineers are unimaginative. working on the literary magazine, she meets josiah, who is an engineering major and a writer of fascinating short stories. mandy is likely to handle this contradiction by deciding that: a.josiah is the […]

1) weiners theory argues that in addition to being either personal or situational, attitudes can vary on which dimensions? a.stable/unstable and controllable/uncontrollable b.positive/negative c.controlled/uncontrollable d.positive/negative and stable/unstable 2) dieting behavior: a.is largely successful in dealing with weight problems if it […]

1) what is the name commonly applied to the type of learning that skinner studied? a.classical conditioning b.operant conditioning c.antecedent learning d.optional learning 2) mick is getting a tattoo on his back. the tattoo artist creates tiny points adjacent to […]

1) brendon believes that he is worthless, that other people do not like him, and that he will never have satisfying interpersonal relationships. to counteract this belief, brendons therapist says to him, brendon, i like and appreciate you. i enjoy […]

1) in response to stress, the adrenal glands release cortisol as well as two neurotransmitters, _____, which activate the sympathetic nervous system. a.dopamine and serotonin b.norepinephrine and epinephrine c.acetylcholine and antihistamine d.norepinephrine and serotonin 2) which of the following statements […]

1) which of the following is a major risk factor for heart disease? a.lack of exercise b.smoking c.obesity d.all of the above 2) jason has recently been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. jasons treatment will probably involve one or both of […]

1) as you get older, you have fewer (less) _____ during sleep, suggesting that your brain actively has to work to keep you sleeping. a.sleep spindles b.delta waves c.k-complexes d.synchronization 2) according to selye, the general adaptation syndrome consists of […]

1) beatrices mother and father both carry a dominant gene for brown eyes and a recessive gene for blue eyes. the probability that beatrices eyes are brown is: a.0.75 b.0.50 c.0.25 d.1.00 2) june feels that she has too many […]

1) claude bouchard conducted research on the effects of overfeeding on weight gain and found that identical twins were similar in the amount of weight they gained. this study provides evidence for which of the following statements? a.environment plays an […]

1) one difference between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa involves: a.the degree of psychological disturbance present b.whether periods of dieting occur c.the amount of food that is typically consumed d.the race and class of the people who engage in each […]

1) according to the network of association theory, what words would come to mind when you hear the trigger word red ? a.rose; fire engine b.flower; vehicle c.cherry; police car d.pansy; toy wagon 2) capgras syndrome is an extreme case […]

1) kevin has been drinking heavily since his early teens. now, in his late 50s, he has begun to experience significant memory effects and intellectual deterioration in addition to the liver damage due to his heavy alcohol intake. kevin has […]

1) which of the following would not be an example of biological constraints rather than learned behavior? a.an ant following a food trail through a maze b.a horse rearing up in order to receive a carrot c.a raccoon picking up […]

1) a clear biological mechanism for the development and maintenance of antisocial behavior, demonstrated by david lykken and colleagues, is: a.an enlarged amygdala b.overactive frontal lobes c.reduced overall arousal d.overproduction of serotonin and dopamine 2) according to _____, people who […]

1) some psychologists use the term gender to refer to: a.biological differences between the sexes b.differences that are an outgrowth of socialization practices c.how you think about yourself in a sexual sense d.all of the above 2) infantile amnesia occurs […]

1) what part of the brain is known as the interpreter? a.the right hemisphere, in that it likes to construct a world that makes sense. b.the parietal lobe, because it regulates all information and helps translate speech. c.the left hemisphere, […]

1) how might television advertisements affect a persons decision to seek treatment for depression? a.television advertisements teach people what treatments are available. b.television advertisements only help encourage people with severe depression to seek help. c.television advertisements help to normalize the […]

1) which intelligence test involves measuring verbal skills and performance skills? a.miller analogy b.binet c.stanford-binet d.wechsler 2) damaging the ventromedial region of the hypothalamus of a rat will cause _____, and as a result the rat will become _____. a.hyperphagia; […]

1) orianna wants to ask her boyfriend to go to her familys house for thanksgiving. the night she is going to ask him, she invites him to her place, where she cooks his favorite meal, plays his favorite music, and […]

1) most people with schizophrenia are diagnosed with the disorder in young adulthood (around 2030 years of age). recent studies show that as children they: a.were almost indistinguishable from their peers b.showed more abnormal social behaviors compared to their peers […]

1) which of the following areas has played a role in better understanding the biology of psychology? a.advances in brain chemistry b.advances in neuroscience c.advances in understanding the human genome d.all of the above 2) over history, at different times […]

1) if you look at a sheet of white paper in a dim room and then look at it in bright sunlight, the paper will reflect more light to the eye when you are outside than inside. yet we see […]

1) in comparison to drug treatment for depression, cognitive-behavioral therapy is: a.less effective, except for the mildly depressed b.just as effective c.counterproductive if the patient is also being treated with drugs d.not a treatment of choice for this disorder 2) […]

1) which of the following statements is not a view that evolutionary psychologists would hold about human personality? a.some traits evolved because of the advantages associated with having those traits. b.human personality is based on both free will and biological […]

1) specific knowledge regarding important events during world war ii is an example of: a.crystallized intelligence b.fluid intelligence c.generative intelligence d.applying intelligence 2) how might behavioral techniques help treat phobias? a.by removing the central nucleus of the amygdala b.by conditioning […]

1) you and your friends are having a sleepover. one of the friends falls asleep and is snoring. the rest of you are talking loudly without waking her, but when you begin to make cookies, the smell jolts her from […]

1) due to the partial crossing of visual information at the _____, the _____ visual field(s) projects to the right hemisphere. a.blind spot; left b.optic chiasm; left c.blind spot; right d.optic chiasm; right 2) if clive was a doctor in […]

1) memory requires attention. if you want to remember something well, it is best to _____ because _____. a.attend to only one thing at a time; attention is limited b.attend to only one thing at a time; attention is unlimited […]

1) which of the following statements is true of serendipity in science? a.serendipity plays no important role in science because unexpected findings have always been unimportant. b.serendipity has led to groundbreaking discoveries that immediately resulted in the nobel prize for […]

1) ramos has symptoms of panic disorder and has been prescribed the drug xanax. due to the medication, he is most likely to have side effects such as: a.facial tics b.sexual dysfunction c.drowsiness d.white blood cell deficiency 2) though hormones […]

1) hardy individuals tend to view life events as less stressful than those who are low on this personality dimension. an important aspect of how they view their daily life is that: a.they tend to resist negative changes b.when stressed, […]

1) thabo is about to take the admissions exam for law school. he knows that anxiety can hurt test performance, so he deliberately makes himself very relaxed before going into the exam. he proceeds through the exam very calmly, without […]

1) as a 4-year-old, willey was much more awkward than his peers in social interactions. he experienced more severe negative emotions. other kids thought he had strange facial expressions and odd behaviors. although willey was never diagnosed with a disorder […]

1) in order to look good, respondents sometimes give incorrect answers on a questionnaire. this behavior illustrates: a.the better-than-average effect b.socially desirable responding c.an experimental confound d.selection bias 2) i think therefore i behavea version of descartes statement i think […]

1) gaba is to glutamate as _____ is to _____. a.control; out of control b.inhibit; excite c.arouse; paralyze d.awake; asleep 2) which of the following is true regarding unconscious decision making? a.research has shown that unconscious thought conditions result in […]

1) according to gate control theory, pain: a.is overwhelmingly biological b.is mainly psychological c.is largely immune to cultural influences d.reflects an interaction among biological, psychological, and cultural influences 2) which of the following sequences best reflects the order of events […]

1) in comparison to cocaine, methamphetamine does all of the following except: a.increases the release of dopamine b.stays in the body longer c.is easier to manufacture d.has fewer side effects 2) lokelani is a stunningly beautiful 5-year-old. the research on […]

1) a childs brain looks and behaves very differently than an adults brain due to changes in the structure of the brain over the lifetime. this phenomenon is due to a property known as: a.developmental restructuring b.neural plasticity c.neural networking […]

1) which memory system is most closely related to intelligence test scores? a.sensory b.working c.semantic d.episodic 2) cesar has done so well in his economics class that he needs to earn only 43 of 100 points on the final exam […]

1) which of the following terms is most nearly synonymous with the term disparity? a.difference b.distance c.constancy d.sensitivity 2) as a child, jonah was awkward and did not have many friends. consequently, he experienced low self-esteem. now that he is […]

1) ruomei has never liked biology, but she has a crush on her lab partner and always enjoys going to class because she sees him there. ruomeis friends are surprised to hear that ruomei now likes biology and is planning […]

1) if a seriously brain-damaged patient cannot give informed consent to participate in medical research, then researchers can: a.include the person in research only if they provide a complete debriefing at the conclusion of the study b.relax the requirements regarding […]

1) which type of reasoning process can lead to false reasoning? a.inductive reasoning b.deductive reasoning c.both a and b d.neither a nor b 2) studies examining erotic plasticity in men and women have found that: a.men have higher levels of […]

1) if prozac did not increase the activity of _____, it would not be effective in treating depression. a.norepinephrine b.dopamine c.acetylcholine d.serotonin 2) greg has grown up to be a very aggressive person. neither of his parents is aggressive. in […]

1) joe is especially talented at memorizing material that he reads in books. however, he has significant difficulty getting to work in the morning because the bus schedule confuses him. joe most likely: a.performs quickly on simple reaction time tests […]

1) attitudes are evaluations of: a.objects b.events c.ideas d.all of the above 2) red, yellow, and blue are the _____ primary colors; when they are combined they make _____. a.additive; white b.additive; black c.subtractive; white d.subtractive; black Answer: d 3) […]

1) the concept of a sensitive period for language learning in humans means that: a.if language is not learned by a certain age, it will never be learned b.first languages can be learned at any age, but second languages must […]

1) professor marcus believes that student athletes are lazy and academically incompetent. every time she has an athlete in one of her classes who is a poor student, she takes note of and remembers it. every time she has an […]

1) which type(s) of job(s) would use the skills learned in an undergraduate program in psychology? a.store manager b.police officer c.research assistant d.all of the above 2) posttraumatic stress disorder is an example of: a.retrograde amnesia b.persistence c.anterograde amnesia d.none […]

1) dr. black eagle is interviewing a patient who appears to have a serious psychological disorder. the patient rarely responds to the doctors questions, does not make eye contact, and moves his body in a slow, odd manner. when the […]

1) on the basis of recent research, the phrase misery loves company would be more accurate if it was: a.misery loves miserable company b.misery loves any company c.misery loves reassuring company d.misery loves happy company 2) one reason for a […]

1) after being in a car crash, yuri has the selective inability to recognize faces. he is most likely suffering from _____ due to damage to his _____. a.agnosia; primary visual cortex b.agnosia; fusiform gyrus c.prosopagnosia; primary visual cortex d.prosopagnosia; […]

1) alexithymia occurs because damage to the _____ causes the physiological messages associated with emotions to _____ the brain centers that interpret emotions. a.amygdala; fail to reach b.limbic system; be suppressed by c.frontal cortex; be suppressed by d.prefrontal cortex; fail […]

1) what is the difference between temperaments and personality traits? a.traits are broader than temperaments. b.temperaments are broader than traits. c.there is no difference; traits and temperaments are equally broad. d.it depends on the personalities of the people one is […]

1) a likely way in which suggestibility might cause new information to change an old memory is through: a.retroactive interference b.reconsolidation c.elaborative rehearsal d.proactive interference 2) if a researcher wants to see how quickly a person can process complex information, […]

1) sue is trying to remember how to complete a motor task, joe is trying to remember an event that occurred in the past, and mark is trying to remember the capital of oklahoma. joe is using _____ memory, sue […]

1) if a researcher does not have a clear operational definition of the behavior he is studying, he might experience: a.observer bias b.reactivity c.confounds d.a directionality problem 2) anke is working in a laboratory and comes across a rat that […]

1) in the cognitive-neoassociationistic model, frustration leads to aggression by which of the following paths? a.frustration → related cognition → negative affect → aggression b.frustration → negative affect → related cognition → aggression c.frustration → fight-or-flight response → suppressed cognition […]

1) this area of psychology studies how the mind processes, stores, and retrieves information: a.cognitive b.structuralism c.behaviorism d.functionalism 2) seeing personal growth through greater self-understanding is referred to as: a.a person-centered approach b.self-actualization c.subjective well-being d.none of the above Answer: […]

1) the two basic approaches to treating mental illness are: a.psychological and biological b.psychopharmacology and behavior therapy c.freudian therapy and client-centered therapy d.behavior modification and cognitive therapy 2) why is b. f. skinners dream of solving all social problems through […]

1) dr. johnson asks sam, how have you gotten your way in the past? sam says, by intimidating and bullying people. dr. johnson continues, and what consequences have resulted from your behavior? sam says, i have been in jail for […]

1) the matter of who has access to data collected in an experiment is associated with which ethical issue? a.deception b.informed consent c.anonymity d.confidentiality 2) ouch! a paper cut! the sharp sting travels along _____ pain fibers, which are _____. […]

1) according to cognitive-social theories of personality, which of the following factors do not shape our behaviors and personalities? a.our personal beliefs b.our expectancies c.other peoples expectations for us d.our interpretations of the world 2) the main reason that people […]

1) in new york city, it might be a dress shoe. in texas, it could be a cowboy boot. in florida, it might be a sandal. in montana, it could be a hiking boot. each of these is a(n) _____ […]

1) which one of the following findings is the best evidence that environment plays an important role in determining intelligence? a.identical twins raised by different families from birth have more similar iqs than fraternal twins raised together. b.nontwin siblings raised […]

1) like some other biological treatment techniques, _____ was originally developed to treat the medical condition _____, but after use with psychological disorders was found to be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression. a.electroconvulsive therapy; renauds disease b.deep brain […]

1) you are following the plot of a complicated shakespeare play quite clearly while you are watching it. however, the next week you find that you cannot remember the details. your loss of memory is most likely due to: a.transience […]

1) what does piaget call the process of changing or modifying a schema in response to environmental factors? a.assimilation b.accommodation c.maturation d.conservation 2) ted has suffered from schizophrenia for the last 10 years. he has several negative symptoms and has […]

1) a researcher that wants to get a sense of overall levels of electrical brain activity would use: a.pet scans b.mri imaging c.transcranial magnetic stimulation d.eeg recordings 2) a(n) _____ is a specific, testable prediction about the result that, if […]

1) which of the following is not one of kohlbergs stages of moral reasoning? a.preconventional b.conventional c.concrete operations d.postconventional 2) eva and garnet are identical twins who survived a traumatic accident in which a bus they were riding in plummeted […]

1) which of the following two anxiety disorders resemble each other the least? a.social anxiety disorder and specific phobia b.generalized anxiety disorder and specific phobia c.panic disorder and agoraphobia d.posttraumatic stress disorder and panic disorder 2) which of the following […]

1) propagation of the action potential occurs: a.along the axon at the nodes of ranvier b.along the dendrites at the nodes of ranvier c.between neurons at the synapse d.on the cell body 2) which of the following factors is not […]

1) given what you know about the role of gender in creating ingroup/outgroup biases, you could predict that the largest number of close friendship groups would be found in: a.all-male dormitories b.all-female dormitories c.dormitories that are coed by room d.dormitories […]

1) meagans economics professor argues that people are optimal decision makers. her psychology professor argues that people are often irrational decision makers. her economics professor believes in a _____ model of human decision making; her psychology professor believes in a […]

1) according to the world health organization, data suggest that _____ are most likely to engage in binge and heavy drinking. a.men b.women c.university students d.none of the above; it varies by culture 2) dr. hunskor is curious about what […]

1) individuals with antisocial personality disorder: a.are very responsive to treatment b.are responsive to treatment if it is used before age 40 c.tend to improve after age 40 without therapeutic intervention d.respond best to relationship-based psychotherapies, such as client-centered therapy […]

1) virtual reality environments are used in the treatment of phobias because: a.therapists cannot put clients in real phobic situations b.they can provide exposure to the feared situation without putting the client in danger c.it is superior to electroconvulsive therapy, […]

1) if a participant responds that she is getting a grade of a in a class but really is getting a b, she might not be lying; she might remember only her high test scores in that class. such behavior […]

1) by the mid-twentieth century, it was recognized that schizophrenia: a.was harder to treat than bipolar disorder b.was best treated with freudian psychoanalysis c.required intensive cognitive-behavioral therapy d.was probably a brain-based disorder that required medication 2) if human beings had […]

1) your roommate, who is very overweight, has an identical twin whom you have never met and who lived with an adoptive family while growing up. given what you know about genetic and environmental factors in weight status, you would: […]

1) a problem with schemas is that they can easily: a.promote stereotypes b.incorrectly categorize examples c.confuse prototypes and exemplars d.miss defining attributes 2) imagine you have a twin who has just been diagnosed with major depression. are your chances of […]

1) one of the more exciting treatments for depression has shown what your textbook calls stunning results in severely depressed people. four out of six patients in one study felt almost immediate relief from depression symptoms once this treatment program […]

1) psychoanalysis uses _____ to help patients gain insight into their psychological processes. a.free association b.learned maladaptive behaviors c.faulty thinking d.emotional expression 2) after split-brain surgery, a picture of a chair is shown to the right hemisphere of a patient. […]

1) katies professor is giving a test tomorrow, but has not told the students what will be on the test. katie is not sure how or what to study and feels nervous about her upcoming performance. the most effective coping […]

1) according to hull, a drive: a.creates homeostasis to achieve equilibrium b.can be replaced by a habit through reinforcement c.increases proportionally to the amount of deprivation d.operates according to a negative feedback model 2) the type b behavior pattern describes […]

1) ruth has weighed 130 pounds all her adult life. during her recent pregnancy, she gained 10 pounds. within a few months, ruths weight returned naturally to 130 pounds. for ruth, 130 pounds was a(n) _____, and her body went […]

1) what is the name of the field that studies the immune system response to psychological factors? a.psychophysiology b.psychoimmunology c.psychoneuroimmunology d.psychoneuropharmacology 2) memory researchers often ask participants in their studies to try to remember lists of words. which of the […]

1) the psychodynamic theorists who came after freud and are referred to as the neo-freudians modified his theory in a number of ways. adler and horney, for example, criticized freud for: a.underestimating the role of parents in child development b.giving […]

1) individuals with antisocial personality disorder are difficult to treat because they: a.are so focused on the future that they lose sight of their present difficulties b.care little about how others feel about their behavior c.have excessively low self-esteem and […]

1) the results of harlows research with infant monkeys: a.supported freuds notions of human development b.supported behavioral theories of development c.challenged freudian theories of development d.undermined the notion of sensitive periods during development 2) which of the following statements is […]

1) jered was adopted as an infant in 1973. jered has an identical twin who was also adopted in 1973 but by a different family. as an adult, jereds personality should most resemble that of: a.a sibling in his adoptive […]

1) what characterizes client-centered therapy? a.the use of dream interpretations to uncover unconscious conflicts b.the use of direct suggestions for how the patient could behave more effectively c.getting the patient to take the perspective of others so he or she […]

1) you want your dog to learn to lie down when you are about to give him a treat. if you first reinforce his behavior when he sits, then when he sits and stays, then when he lies down, you […]

1) the brain and the spinal cord make up the _____ nervous system. a.central b.peripheral c.primary d.autonomic 2) from an evolutionary perspective, pleasure _____ survival and reproduction, by _____. a.promotes; facilitating adaptive behaviors b.hinders; interfering with adaptive learning from painful […]

1) the statements i failed the quiz because i was tired and she failed the quiz because she is dumb are examples of: a.actor/observer discrepancy b.stereotypes c.prejudice d.discrimination 2) mr. smith is running for congress. alejandro does not know much […]

1) miko is from japan and is doing an exercise in a self-help book. one activity asks her to list all the things she is proud of and all the things she is ashamed of. miko is likely to list […]

1) melinda is an extremely successful surgeon. which of gardners multiple intelligences does she therefore possess in abundance? a.verbal and logical/mathematical b.spatial and kinesthetic c.spatial and interpersonal d.logical/mathematical and interpersonal 2) while a child watches, you hide a cheerio under […]

1) a computer program is developed that searches for the most items that are related to the search term or for items that are the most relevant to the search term. in terms of human behavior, a program that searches […]

1) which of the following is not a characteristic of people with a high achievement motive? a.having unrealistically high career goals b.setting attainable personal goals c.scoring high on exams d.obtaining high grades in career-related classes 2) an altered state of […]

1) according to a study by maguire and colleagues, which part of a taxi drivers brain is more likely to be larger than normal, and why? a.frontal lobe; quick motor reactions b.hippocampus; greater and more accurate representations of the spatial […]

1) rob plans to receive drug therapy for his depressive symptoms. should rob expect different kinds of results from drug treatment, compared to other kinds of therapy? a.he should expect that drugs, but not other therapies, will result in changes […]

1) fewer colds and flus, a better-functioning immune system, and reduced risk of serious diseases, such as heart disease, can be expected from which of the following? a.increasing the positive emotions one experiences b.decreasing the number of people in ones […]

1) you would most likely be diagnosed with _____ if you displayed negative mood, sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of suicide. a.anxiety disorder b.major depression c.dysthymia d.bipolar disorder 2) jaleesa thinks she may be depressed and decides to seek […]

1) people who cannot tolerate the idea of being abandoned, who have highly negative emotional reactions to relationship disruption, and who often act impulsively fit the description of someone with: a.borderline personality disorder b.narcissistic personality disorder c.bipolar disorder d.dysthymia 2) […]

1) juan-carlos is extremely afraid of being attacked and killed by sharks, even though he very rarely goes swimming in the ocean. this example illustrates the fact that: a.people often fear the wrong causes of death b.both common and rare […]

1) which one of the following findings is the best evidence that genetics plays an important role in determining intelligence? a.identical twins raised apart have more similar iqs than fraternal twins raised together. b.fraternal twins raised together have more similar […]

1) people often maintain stereotypes about groups even after they have met individuals who contradict the stereotype. given the phenomenon of memory bias, what might one reason be that a stereotype does not change with new information? a.the memory for […]

1) which of the following statements best describes the path of optic nerve impulses in the brain? a.impulses from the left eye travel to the right side of the brain; impulses from the right eye travel to the left side […]

1) evidence that humans have a set-point for weight is reflected in the fact that: a.when prisoners were fed large amounts of food they gained less weight than they should have and returned to their normal weight when they resumed […]

1) allanah has declared psychology as her major. which of the following alternatives best identifies what allanah will study? a.the structure and function of the brain b.mental disorders and their treatment c.feelings and other subjective states d.mind, brain, and behavior […]

1) there is a correlation between depression and memory: when people suffer from depression frequently, they often display worse memory than people who suffer from depression less frequently. genetics, however, may have an effect on a study participants depression and […]

1) false memories occur because: a.everyone is absentminded b.people have memory biases c.consolidation is an imperfect process d.encoding is a selective process 2) the system of rules that determine how words are combined into phrases and how phrases are used […]

1) the function of interneurons is to communicate: a.between the brain and the spinal cord b.between the brain and sensory neurons c.outside of the brain d.within a neural circuit 2) a split-brain patient is shown a frog in her right […]

1) philippe wants to study the number of times that close friends touch each other in their interactions. his interpretations of this behavior would need to take into consideration: a.cultural differences in the meaning of touches b.whether participants were randomly […]

1) the neural impulse, or _____, is a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. a.action potential b.resting membrane potential c.neurotransmitters d.all-or-none principle 2) regarding the role they play in behavior, neurotransmitters: a.are very specific, with a separate neurotransmitter […]

1) this principle states that rather than perceiving a car as a group of distinct entities, such as metal, tires, glass, door handles, hubcaps, and fenders, we perceive the car as a whole unit. a.bottom-up processing b.bottom-down processing c.gestalt d.ponzo […]

1) qiaohui never needed to study in high school. when she gets to college, she finds that she needs to study. she decides that she will go to the library and study for 6 hours every night after dinner. after […]

1) maria wants to determine whether genetics or environment has a greater influence on intelligence. the best technique for determining this influence would be a study using: a.monozygotic twins who are reared apart b.dizygotic twins who are reared apart c.fraternal […]

1) which of the following developments was most important in the rise of the cognitive approach in psychology? a.the identification of the unconscious b.the understanding of the effects of reward and punishment on behavior and thinking c.the emergence of computers […]

1) imagine that you work for a foundation that has a particular interest in reducing the prevalence of antisocial personality disorder. on the basis of what we know regarding therapy for people who have this disorder, how could you best […]

1) according to the _____ approach, the study of personality should focus on how people vary across common traits. a.idiographic b.nomothetic c.objective d.projective 2) a region of this area in the right hemisphere of the brain appears to be specialized […]

1) when a researcher joins a social group and talks to the members in order to study that group, the approach is referred to as: a.a self-report method b.participant observation c.experience sampling d.response performance 2) the fact that more antidepressants […]

1) an evidence-based approach to psychological treatment would lead one to favor _____ for a wide variety of psychological disorders. a.cognitive-behavioral therapy b.long-term psychoanalysis c.scream therapy d.deep brain stimulation 2) in correlational studies, it is always possible that an unmeasured […]

1) dr. chen studies several traits that distinguish one person from another. dr. doherty investigates how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood. dr. chen is a _____ psychologist; dr. doherty is a _____. a.personality; personality psychologist, […]

1) oren is a very rigid person and must have things his own way. other people find his attitude annoying, but oren refuses to change. in freuds view, oren is fixated at which stage of development? a.the oedipal stage b.the […]

1) axons: a.transmit nerve impulses to terminal buttons and vary in length b.are always bundled with other axons to form nerves and are individually very short in length c.vary in length depending on whether they send or receive information d.are […]

1) human beings have evolved as social animals who live in groups, in part because: a.members of the same group do not constitute a danger to each other b.mating within a group increases the probability of a healthy offspring c.groups […]

1) a paradoxical aspect of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is that: a.although people think that the brains of children with this disorder are overactive, they are actually underactive b.treating it too early results in an intensification of the disorder later […]

1) neurotransmitters affect the behavior of a cell because they: a.are exclusively inhibitory or excitatory b.mimic psychotropics c.bind to the postsynaptic receptor and produce changes on the neuron cell wall, creating a cascade of further changes d.increase the size of […]

1) using logic to draw conclusions from specific events about general rules is an example of: a.inductive reasoning b.deductive reasoning c.both a and b d.neither a nor b 2) having a memory for an event but not being able to […]

1) the cocktail party phenomenon provides evidence that: a.most people prefer being around others to being alone b.when people gossip about others, they tend to do so in small groups rather than in large groups c.people automatically and deeply process […]

1) the words i and a are examples of: a.syntax b.morphemes c.phonemes d.morphemes and phonemes 2) imagine you are visiting your sister and her 1-year-old child, jamie. you note that jamie becomes distressed whenever your sister leaves the room, can […]

1) the minimum amount of change required for a person to detect a difference between two stimuli is referred to as the: a.absolute threshold b.minimum threshold c.difference threshold d.signal change 2) your brothers son shows evidence of understanding both abstract […]

1) which of the following individuals is most likely to use marijuana for a medicinal purpose? a.an alzheimers patient for memory loss b.a schizophrenic to reduce fearful hallucinations c.an alcoholic to reduce the withdrawal symptoms d.a cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy […]

1) dualism is the idea that: a.the mind and the brain are separate entities b.the mind and the brain are the same entity c.the mind and the brain are opposing forces d.there is no mind, just the brain 2) which […]

1) according to the concept of reciprocal helping, altruism is adaptive because it increases the persons: a.potential value as a mate b.status within the group c.capability as a parent d.probability of survival 2) a study of the experiences of a […]