1) what is the difference between temperaments and personality traits?
a.traits are broader than temperaments.
b.temperaments are broader than traits.
c.there is no difference; traits and temperaments are equally broad.
d.it depends on the personalities of the people one is investigating.
2) methamphetamine blocks the reuptake of dopamine. in this way, it is similar to:
a.marijuana
b.opiates
c.cocaine
d.marijuana
3) the smith children, although genetically related, all show slight variations in the color
of their skin. these variations are most likely the result of:
a.single genotype expression
b.cell division
c.polygenic effects
d.dominant gene effects
4) yolanda has a brain tumor. after the tumor grew to a certain size, she could no longer
form new memories. yolanda most likely has _____ amnesia.
a.anterograde
b.retrograde
c.source
d.childhood
5) ian, age 2, was watching his father hammer a nail. his father hit his own thumb and
then used several expletives. as his father went in the house for a band-aid, ian went
over to the nail, picked up the hammer, pretended to hit his finger and repeated the
expletives. this scenario is an example of what kind of learning?
a.meme learning
b.observational learning
c.operant learning
d.classic learning
6) dr. ebrahim examines how childrens friendships change through the elementary and
middle school years. dr. ebrahim is a(n) _____ psychologist.
a.developmental
b.personality
c.cognitive
d.organizational
7) when pearl was a college student, she worried constantly about many things, such as
dating, friendships, and her achievement in school. now that she is older, she worries
about things such as her health, her familys health, and the state of world affairs. this
change in the focus of her worrying is called a:
a.personality trait shift
b.peripheral adaptation
c.characteristic adaptation
d.five-factor deviation
8) being helped by listening to another persons experiences is the goal of _____
therapy.
a.cognitive
b.behavioral
c.humanistic
d.group
9) a central criticism of the minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (mmpi) as a
psychological assessment tool is that it:
a.depends on self-report
b.is more valid with females than with males
c.is less valid when used outside of north america
d.depends on clinical judgment as to what constitutes normal responding
10) factor analysis is useful to psychologists because it allows them to:
a.separate real traits from imaginary traits
b.group many similar traits together into a more basic trait
c.identify the causal factor behind each trait
d.test psychodynamic ideas scientifically
11) in eysencks view, people who score low on the emotional stability scale tend to:
a.be aggressive and impulsive
b.experience little variation in mood or emotion
c.experience much mood variability
d.be self-centered
12) what part of the neuron releases chemical signals?
a.axon
b.terminal buttons
c.cell body
d.dendrite
13) the fact that age-related changes in personality are similar across cultures:
a.indicates that genetic factors are primarily responsible for personality formation
b.tells us nothing about what factors may be causing such changes
c.indicates that such changes are not entirely a function of the environment
d.suggests that all cultures have similar stereotypes related to aging
14) in terms of the similarities in their personalities over time, what happens to identical
twins?
a.the similarity between the twins remains constant.
b.they become more different from one another as they experience different
environments.
c.they become more similar to one another.
d.they become less similar once they escape the direct influence of their parents.
15) a depth cue based on the relative movements of objects at various distances from
the observer is termed motion:
a.gradient
b.constancy
c.parallax
d.disparity
16) a limitation of eeg recording in brain research is that:
a.physiological recordings based on eeg are more useful for nonhuman animals than
humans
b.researchers cannot always identify the specific areas of the brain generating the
electrical activity seen in the eeg recordings
c.eeg recordings record only changes in mood and arousal, not how active the brain is
as a whole
d.eeg recordings require the use of radioactive glucose for taking measurements in
different areas of the brain
17) which of the following statements describes the current status of freuds
psychodynamic theory in psychological science?
a.it has been largely abandoned because most of freuds ideas cannot be tested
empirically.
b.it has been modified by the neo-freudians and is now viewed as a scientifically valid
theory of personality.
c.it is now more widely endorsed by personality psychologists than when it was first
proposed.
d.it has been abandoned by therapists but not research psychologists.