1) which of the following terms is most nearly synonymous with the term disparity?
a.difference
b.distance
c.constancy
d.sensitivity
2) as a child, jonah was awkward and did not have many friends. consequently, he
experienced low self-esteem. now that he is older, he has developed many solid
friendships and feels comfortable around and valued by others. as an adult, his
self-esteem has improved dramatically. which theory would predict this change in
self-esteem?
a.terror management theory
b.self-monitoring theory
c.social schema theory
d.sociometer theory
3) the most widely used biologically based therapy for mental disorders is:
a.psychotropic medication
b.brain stimulation
c.electroconvulsive therapy
d.biofeedback
4) which of the following neurotransmitters would be most involved in enabling nerves
that connect with muscles as you raise your arms above your head?
a.acetylcholine
b.epinephrine
c.serotonin
d.norepinephrine
5) antheia is a real risk-taker. she loves to skydive, and she can party all night. fabio
enjoys some risky activities, such as mountain biking, but he prefers moderation in
most things. benita dislikes risk-taking and prefers quieter activities, such as reading
and yoga. antheia, fabio, and benita differ in their:
a.preferred level of exercise
b.drive to achieve
c.need for security
d.optimal level of arousal
6) robertos grandmother is suffering from alzheimers disease. what might you expect is
happening in her brain with regard to neurotransmitters?
a.there is an overproduction of acetylcholine.
b.there is too much curare in her system.
c.there is diminished acetylcholine.
d.there is an excess of receptors for the available neurotransmitter.
7) when a researchers bias affects the coding of data, there is a problem with:
a.the hawthorne effect
b.experimenter expectancy
c.a third variable
d.confounds
8) in which of the following scenarios would a person diagnosed with dissociative
identity disorder be most likely to report having hundreds of different personalities?
a.the person was diagnosed recently.
b.the person was diagnosed before the 1980s.
c.the person has never seen a psychotherapist.
d.the person has had a pleasant and unproblematic childhood.
9) the difference between using critical thinking explanations and everyday
explanations for psychological phenomena is that:
a.critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions
b.everyday explanations rely on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions
c.critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for making
conclusions
d.everyday explanations rely on personal examples and scientific evidence for making
conclusions
10) most psychologists now agree that behavior is the product of nature and nurture. an
example of this interaction is that:
a.if the environment can prevent a gene from expressing itself, that gene will have little
influence on behavior
b.genes focus our attention on aspects of the environment that are required for our
survival
c.if nature has not prepared us to respond to a particular environmental stimulus, we
cannot learn to respond to it
d.we are unable to adapt to changes in the environment
11) dora the explorer is on a mission to find a completely healthy society in which
people experience no mental disorders. according to the systems approach, dora will
never succeed in her mission because people:
a.are biopsychosocial organisms, and any aspect of an organism may be dysfunctional
b.exist in families and larger social units, and those units are often dysfunctional
c.always strive for personal achievement and fulfillment in a society with outdated laws
and regulations that inhibit an individuals free expression
d.fail to understand that they have a faulty cognitive system, and this faulty system
causes them to think illogically
12) cultural neuroscience is least likely to involve:
a.the study of dominant gene effects affecting bone growth and development
b.analyses of social and emotional processes in perception of faces
c.measurements of eye movements toward particular objects in individuals residing in
japan versus england
d.examining brain scans of individuals from western and eastern cultures as they listen
to voices
13) a person whose eeg shows predominantly theta waves is most likely:
a.awake
b.in stage 1 sleep
c.in stage 4 sleep
d.in stage 2 sleep
14) which of the following have buss and plomin identified as basic traits or
temperaments in infants?
a.novelty seeking, shyness, and activation
b.inhibition, extraversion, and sociability
c.activity level, emotionality, and sociability
d.shyness, sensation seeking, and agreeableness
15) what is the process whereby the conditioned response is weakened when it is no
longer presented with the unconditioned stimulus?
a.extinction
b.reward
c.second-order conditioning
d.acquisition
16) whose behavior is least likely to be prevented by an antidepressant that raises levels
of serotonin?
a.kevin, who gets into repeated bar fights
b.fritz, who deliberately drives his car off a bridge
c.kimiko, a 5-year-old who is always hostile toward people
d.gabriella, who has overdosed on sleeping pills
17) cross-cultural comparisons of levels of violence support the conclusion that:
a.humans have evolved to engage in certain kinds of violence
b.aggressive acts such as murder derive from basically adaptive behavior
c.cultural factors largely determine aggressive behavior
d.genetic differences account for cross-cultural differences in aggression
18) based on what you know about downward comparisons, which emotion is most
likely to follow a downward comparison?
a.relief
b.excitement
c.embarrassment
d.depression