1) which one of the following findings is the best evidence that environment plays an
important role in determining intelligence?
a.identical twins raised by different families from birth have more similar iqs than
fraternal twins raised together.
b.nontwin siblings raised together have more similar iqs than nontwin siblings raised
apart.
c.children have iqs that are more similar to the iqs of their parents than to the iqs of
their siblings.
d.children adopted from different biological parents but raised by the same adoptive
parents have small iq correlations as adults.
2) sally is knitting a sweater by following the instructions in the knitting book exactly.
sally is following a(n) _____ for the sweater, which means that her sweater _____ turn
out right.
a.algorithm; will not
b.algorithm; will
c.heuristic; will
d.heuristic; will not
3) carols university puts a cap of $10,000 on the combined aid and scholarship money a
student can receive. as a freshman, carol had received $7,500 in combined loans and
scholarships. for her sophomore year, carol won a competitive $5,000 scholarship, and
her previous aid package was reduced by $2,500. according to prospect theory, what
will carols strongest feeling be?
a.pride in winning the $5,000 scholarship
b.happiness about the added $2,500 in her aid package
c.sadness over losing $2,500 of her previous aid package
d.happiness over having scholarship and aid money
4) when identifying the pool of participants who will be in a research project,
psychologists generally use:
a.random assignment
b.random sampling
c.convenience sampling
d.control participants
5) the best way to think about positive symptoms of schizophrenia is that they are
_____, whereas negative symptoms are _____.
a.perceived by the schizophrenic as positive; perceived by others as negative
b.excesses of abnormal behaviors; deficits in normal functioning
c.positive in terms of their impact on the schizophrenic; negative in terms of their
impact on the schizophrenic
d.comorbid with at least one other disorder; a singular feature of schizophrenia
6) the difference between absentmindedness and blocking is that in absentmindedness
the information is:
a.less deeply encoded
b.lacking in hierarchical organization
c.more vulnerable to suggestibility
d.less well rehearsed
7) the band of fibers connecting the two hemispheres is known as:
a.the central sulcus
b.the information superhighway
c.i-10
d.the corpus callosum
8) using an analogous solution helps in problem solving only when the problem:
a.is very specific and well defined
b.cannot be restructured in a useful way
c.is recognized to be similar to an earlier one
d.is difficult to solve by working backward from an end state
9) the idea that one intelligence factor is involved in all intellectual tasks is known as
a.general intelligence
b.single intelligence
c.crystallized intelligence
d.fluid intelligence
10) the director of the school cafeteria discovers that students like chocolate chip
cookies much better than molasses cookies. to sell the molasses cookies, she prices
them at 25 cents each and continues to charge 1 dollar for the chocolate chip cookies.
when students keep buying far more chocolate chip cookies, they are violating _____
theory, which is a _____ model of human decision making.
a.prospect; normative
b.expected utility; normative
c.prospect; descriptive
d.expected utility; descriptive
11) latent content is to _____ as manifest content is to _____.
a.seeing a tower in a dream; the psychological meaning of the tower
b.the psychological meaning of a tower; seeing a tower in a dream
c.the ability to identify a ladder in a dream; the ability to physically climb the ladder
d.the ability to physically climb a ladder; the ability to identify a ladder in a dream
12) luiz is walking home late at night when he hears footsteps behind him. he is
instantly frightened and gets ready to run. he glances over his shoulder and sees that it
is the neighborhood police officer on patrol. realizing there is nothing to fear, he calms
down. luizs first response, fear, was processed by the path from the _____. his second
response, calming, was processed by the path from the _____.
a.thalamus → amygdala; thalamus → sensory cortex → amygdala
b.thalamus → sensory cortex → amygdala; thalamus → amygdala
c.amygdala → thalamus; amygdala → sensory cortex → thalamus
d.amygdala → sensory cortex → thalamus; amygdala → thalamus
13) according to the cognitive-affective personality system, who is likely to do better on
an exam, an optimist or a pessimist, and why?
a.both will perform equally. their different personality styles cause them to prepare for
the exam differently but equally effectively.
b.optimists will perform better, because they believe they will do well.
c.both will perform equally. optimism and pessimism are not related to test
performance.
d.pessimists will perform better, because they believe they will fail so they study harder.
14) the diathesis-stress model of mental disorders argues that:
a.stress is the primary cause of mental disorders
b.genetic factors that make us unable to cope with stress are the primary cause of
mental disorders
c.we can have predispositions to mental disorders without ever developing a disorder
d.trauma is the primary cause of mental dysfunction