1) which of the following is not a characteristic of people with a high achievement
motive?
a.having unrealistically high career goals
b.setting attainable personal goals
c.scoring high on exams
d.obtaining high grades in career-related classes
2) an altered state of consciousness in which the brain remains active but the individual
is unaware of its activity is known as:
a.sleep
b.daydreaming
c.insomnia
d.hypothyroid
3) you are conducting an informal study in which, for a month, you play a particular
song just before you serve dinner to your best friend. eventually, you play just the song
to see what will happen, and your friend begins to salivate and says that she has hunger
pains. in this scenario, what is the unconditioned response?
a.salivation in response to food
b.salivation in response to the song
c.hunger pains in response to the song
d.salivation to either the food or the song
4) which of the following is not one of the environmental influences on schizophrenia?
a.birth order
b.family functioning
c.urban versus rural living environment
d.stress
5) dogs can hear higher-frequency sounds than people can. this fact suggests that there
is an anatomical difference in the:
a.ear drum
b.cochlea
c.auditory nerve
d.basilar membrane
6) which of the following is not a true statement regarding the development of
psychological therapy?
a.in the last four decades, a scientific approach to the treatment of psychological
disorders has emerged.
b.the scientific approach to the treatment of psychological disorders has mirrored
general advances in psychological science.
c.most modern psychological therapies were developed using the scientific approach.
d.carl rogers and abraham maslow were the first to emphasize the use of the scientific
approach.
7) what is the influence of the environment on brain development?
a.none; brain development is controlled by genes
b.none; the brain is fully developed at birth
c.substantial; but the influence is primarily through diet
d.substantial; a broad range of environmental factors affects brain development
8) the amygdala is an important neural structure in which long-term potentiation (ltp)
plays a role in learning. since the amygdala is part of the limbic system, which of the
following is most likely mediated by ltp-related learning in the amygdala?
a.fear learning resulting in freezing behavior
b.orienting responses resulting in fight-or-flight behavior
c.anger initiation resulting in an adrenaline release
d.defensive reactions resulting in an opiate release
9) robert becomes anxious during exams. he has found that chewing on the eraser on his
pencil while he thinks helps him to calm down. according to hull, over time roberts
pencil chewing is likely to become _____ due to _____.
a.more effective; positive reinforcement
b.less effective; extinction
c.permanent; positive reinforcement
d.habitual; negative reinforcement
10) in some cultures, it is more acceptable to say a person is not feeling well than to say
the person is feeling depressed. according to the discussion in your textbook, you would
be correct if you assumed that cultures that use _____ probably have _____.
a.more words for psychological disorders; a low degree of cultural acceptance for those
disorders
b.more words for psychological disorders; more people with serious psychological
disorders
c.fewer words for psychological disorders; better resources to deal with those disorders
in the community
d.fewer words for psychological disorders; some cultural stigma attached to those
disorders
11) studies of people with schizophrenia who live with their families after therapy
indicate that:
a.the family has little influence on the course of the illness
b.the amount of negative emotion expressed toward the individual by family members
predicts relapse rates
c.the more time spent with the family, the better the prognosis
d.relapse rates are higher when families are wealthier
12) what are the odds that jamie will develop schizophrenia if both of his parents have
the disorder?
a.there is only a slight chance because the disorder tends not to run in families.
b.it is almost certain because he has inherited the genes associated with the disorder
from both parents.
c.the odds are approximately 50 percent.
d.it is difficult to estimate because researchers are still deciding what causes the
disorder.
13) adam has been reading the research literature on positive psychology. he has
decided to write a letter of thanks to his grandfather, whom he greatly admires. what
should happen after adam writes and delivers this letter?
a.he will experience an increase in his level of happiness.
b.he will start to engage in downward comparisons.
c.he will experience an increase in testosterone.
d.activity will increase slightly in his amygdala.
14) some animals have ears that they can rotate in different directions. these animals
have superior perception of:
a.pitch
b.location
c.loudness
d.intensity