1) like some other biological treatment techniques, _____ was originally developed to
treat the medical condition _____, but after use with psychological disorders was found
to be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression.
a.electroconvulsive therapy; renauds disease
b.deep brain stimulation; parkinsons disease
c.transcranial magnetic stimulation; brain injury
d.targeted prefrontal lobotomy; tourettes syndrome
2) genetics accounts for about _____ of differences between individuals personality
traits.
a.20-40 percent
b.5-10 percent
c.40-60 percent
d.70-80 percent
3) the normal adult knows about:
a.20,000 words
b.40,000 words
c.60,000 words
d.20,000 to 60,000 words, depending on which language the adult has learned
4) recent research has shown that infants have a primitive understanding of the laws of
motion. which of the following phenomena is not evidence that shows infants
understand the laws of motion?
a.newborns reach for where the moving object will end up rather than where it started.
b.infants look longer at a moving rod after it has been revealed to be two connected
lengths rather than a single piece.
c.newborns prefer moving objects rather than stationary objects.
d.newborns will follow a moving object with their eyes.
5) shushant makes up a rhyme to remember what she needs to buy at the grocery store,
garrett said to buy milk and bread. shushant is trying to remember her list by using:
a.maintenance rehearsal
b.acoustic rehearsal
c.elaborative rehearsal
d.linkage rehearsal
6) what is the proper order of events that need to take place in order for classical
conditioning to occur?
a.unconditioned response presentation conditioned stimulus presentation, which elicits
the unconditioned stimulus after many trials, the unconditioned response elicits the
conditioned stimulus
b.conditioned response presentation unconditioned response presentation, which elicits
the conditioned response after many trials, the conditioned response elicits the
unconditioned stimulus
c.unconditioned stimulus presentation conditioned stimulus presentation, which elicits
the conditioned response after many trials, the unconditioned stimulus elicits the
unconditioned response
d.conditioned stimulus presentation unconditioned stimulus presentation, which elicits
the unconditioned response after many trials, the conditioned stimulus elicits the
conditioned response
7) to help create accurate diagnoses, the diagnostic and statistical manual:
a.requires a multidimensional assessment of a patients symptoms and factors that may
be relevant to psychological functioning
b.groups disorders into neurotic disorders and psychotic disorders
c.groups disorders by the theorist who discovered them
d.groups disorders first by gender, then by age, then by culture, then by severity
8) hamdi wakes up in the middle of the night and tries to see the clock in the dim light.
the numbers are very faint. he will more likely be able to read the time if he looks at the
clock with his _____ because it has the largest number of _____.
a.fovea; rods
b.periphery; rods
c.fovea; cones
d.periphery; cones
9) jafar conducted an experiment with student participants in which he investigated
their reactions to advertisements that used humor. when analyzing his results, he should
take into account that:
a.there are likely to be many confounds in his methodology, so his results may not be
reliable
b.by using random assignment of participants to groups, it is likely that he avoided
selection bias
c.he has a convenience sample and may not be able to generalize his findings to the
larger population of adults
d.self-report methods are not an accurate way to get authentic reactions to the
advertisements
10) the early school of structuralism was introduced by:
a.edward titchener
b.william james
c.wilhelm wundt
d.mary whiton calkins
11) your friend has a child who wakes up during the first hour of sleep and walks
around with a glassy-eyed look. the little girl can be walked back to bed and does not
remember the episode in the morning. your friend is very worried that his child may
have a severe sleep disorder. based on your knowledge of sleep, you reply that the
child:
a.has narcolepsy and should be seen immediately by a physician
b.has an rem behavior disorder and this could be very dangerous
c.has insomnia, and the parent should implement a better sleep routine
d.likely is sleepwalking, and this condition is typical for her age group
12) as you watch the rectangle of a paper flag being turned around its pole, you always
see the shape of the flag as being rectangular. yet the image of the flag changes shape at
the retina as it rotates. why do you not see the shape as changing?
a.the brain interprets the retinal input in terms of a prototype of a rectangle.
b.the brain adjusts the retinal shape for orientation to yield perceived shape.
c.the brain uses a familiar shape/retinal shape ratio.
d.both a and c are correct.
13) if a psychologists goal is to describe behavior or mental processes, she might
conduct a(n) _____ study.
a.experimental
b.descriptive
c.inferential
d.correlational
14) you see all of a written word simultaneously, but you hear a spoken word over time.
the memory that accumulates the sound of a word until it is formed as a unit is:
a.iconic memory
b.sensory memory
c.working memory
d.short-term memory
15) miranda is statistically combining the results of all the published studies on the
effects of the presence of a weapon on eyewitness accuracy. miranda is performing a(n):
a.meta-analysis
b.replication
c.inferential analysis
d.significance test
16) for which of the following pairs would it be easiest to discern a difference in
weight?
a.a 2-liter bottle of water and a 2.1-liter bottle of water
b.a 5-pound free weight and a 5.5-pound free weight
c.a 20-pound child and a 22-pound child
d.a 1-pound bag of sugar and a 2-pound bag of sugar
17) in middle school, you are taking spanish. your father becomes inspired to learn a
second language. on the basis of the concept of sensitive periods in learning, you would
predict:
a.that you will learn the language more easily than he will
b.that because he has had more experience with language, he will learn faster than you
will
c.that he will master the new vocabulary faster than you will, but he will have problems
with the grammar
d.nothing, because acquisition of a second language is unrelated to age of exposure to it
18) based on his work, pavlov believed that _____ was the critical element needed for
acquisition to occur during conditioning.
a.contingency
b.contiguity
c.reflexivity
d.symmetry
19) which of the following is not a potential clinical use for hypnosis?
a.analgesia
b.relief from chronic pain
c.speeding surgical recovery
d.altering personality over a long time frame