1) propagation of the action potential occurs:
a.along the axon at the nodes of ranvier
b.along the dendrites at the nodes of ranvier
c.between neurons at the synapse
d.on the cell body
2) which of the following factors is not a cause of deindividuation?
a.arousal
b.anonymity
c.lack of responsibility
d.group identification
3) which level of analysis in psychology is correctly matched with an example?
a.cultural level: at low doses, cocaine can improve performance on visual attention
tasks, such as detecting specific stimuli appearing on a computer screen.
b.individual level: cocaine abuse is associated with a history of violence and sexual
abuse in the family.
c.biological level: cocaine exerts its effects by prolonging the presence of specific
chemicals at the junctions between nerve cells.
d.cultural level: cocaine abuse is associated with high levels of the personality trait of
neuroticism and with low levels of the trait of conscientiousness.
4) consider the many ways in which you could organize the books in your library. you
could sort them into groups with the same color cover. you could alphabetize them by
the authors last names or by the titles of the books. you could also sort them into groups
with common themes. which of these ways of organizing your library would be most
like the way in which memories are organized in long-term memory?
a.alphabetize by title
b.group by common theme
c.alphabetize by authors names
d.group by common color
5) tory, a 6-year-old boy with autism, has received applied behavior analysis treatment
for the past four years. which of the following statements will be most accurate about
torys current situation?
a.torys treatment is relatively easy to implement, but his parents are thinking of
dropping out because applied behavior analysis is so expensive.
b.torys cognitive skills have significantly improved, but he so dislikes his treatment that
he has become defiant and difficult.
c.tory is satisfied with his treatment and is a happier child, but his iq is still low and he
cannot be taught in normal classrooms at school.
d.torys treatment is very time consuming and intense, but his iq is now 20 points higher
than when he started treatment.
6) even though jacqueline attended a very expensive boarding school, she passionately
believes that money and social class are irrelevant to how interesting or valuable a
person is. at the first party in her college dorm, jacqueline, without even realizing it,
spends time with only the women who are very well dressed. jacquelines belief in social
equality is a(n) _____, and her choice of people with whom to talk reflects a(n) _____.
a.implicit attitude; explicit attitude
b.explicit attitude; implicit attitude
c.more accessible attitude; less accessible attitude
d.less accessible attitude; more accessible attitude
7) often, at the end of a long soccer practice, roland has told himself that he must love
soccer because he works so hard at it. one day, his high school soccer coach says that
roland is good enough to get a full soccer scholarship to college. now roland leaves
long practices telling himself that he is working this hard to earn a scholarship. he finds
that he now enjoys soccer less. bems self-perception theory would explain rolands
behavior by saying that:
a.he no longer feels that he is choosing to practice and play
b.he is afraid that he will start losing matches and look bad to scouts
c.winning the scholarship has become the reason for playing soccer
d.playing has become work, not pleasure
8) yu-sheng, jocelyn, and juan are in three different introductory anthropology classes.
yu-shengs class takes a multiple-choice midterm. jocelyns class takes a short-answer
midterm. juans class takes an essay midterm. which student(s) take(s) the midterm that
requires the greatest depth of processing?
a.yu-sheng
b.jocelyn
c.juan
d.jocelyn and juan
9) which of the following subfields of psychology is correctly matched with a sample
topic?
a.cognitive psychologythe influence of emotions on decision making
b.developmental psychologythe effectiveness of drug therapy for obsessive-compulsive
disorder
c.experimentalthe role of neurotransmitter deficits in schizophrenia
d.clinicalthe development of valid achievement tests for elementary school students
10) the psychologist shepard siegel recommends that treatment for drug addiction
involve exposing addicts to certain drug cues, such that subsequent exposures no longer
produce drug cravings. what behavioral process studied by pavlov is implicated in this
recommendation?
a.craving
b.withdrawal
c.extinction
d.phobias
11) you present an infant with two stimuli and time how long she looks at each of them.
over a 5-minute period, the infant looks at each of them for the same amount of time.
you can probably conclude that:
a.the stimuli are of no interest to the child
b.the child has never seen the stimuli
c.there are differences in the two stimuli
d.the stimuli are similar
12) a toy maker wants to determine which of three colors infants like best. which of the
following would be best for assessing this preference?
a.strange-situation test
b.preferential looking technique
c.visual acuity tests
d.there is no good technique, infants cannot yet distinguish colors
13) one criticism of the james-lange theory of emotion has been that physiological
responses are not specific enough to correspond to different emotions. however, more
recent research has shown that _____, which is _____ with the james-lange theory.
a.different primary emotions correspond to different patterns of brain activation;
inconsistent
b.different primary emotions correspond to different patterns of brain activation;
consistent
c.adopting a happy facial expression leads to positive emotions; inconsistent
d.adopting a happy facial expression leads to positive emotions; consistent
14) which of the following statements is the best explanation for synesthesia?
a.because of the proximity of the two brain areas involved in seeing colors and
understanding numbers, some of these areas have cross-connections.
b.an individual with synesthesia has an extra cortical lobe in his or her brain.
c.because of the proximity of the two brain areas involved in seeing color and
understanding numbers, a short-circuit between the two areas causes the confusion.
d.an individual with synesthesia is missing a portion of the cortex used to process color,
so the auditory area of his or her brain must process the information.
15) transcranial magnetic stimulation investigates the activity of a given region of the
brain through the:
a.monitoring of overall brain functioning and recording of increases in magnetic
activity in the region of interest
b.interruption of functioning of the brain in the region of interest by sending a magnetic
pulse to that region
c.recording of changing levels of oxygen flow in the area of interest in the brain
d.monitoring of glucose use in the area of interest in the brain
16) chlorpromazine:
a.reduces some of the symptoms of schizophrenia
b.has the same effects as lithium on mental functioning
c.sedates people to the point of sleeping
d.reduces some of the effects of depression
17) john comes from a family in which everyone is overweight, even though people in
the family appear to eat only moderate amounts of food. these circumstances are
consistent with research showing that:
a.food habits are primarily influenced by family attitudes
b.the environment is more important than our genes in determining eating behavior
c.genes play an important role in who becomes overweight
d.food habits are determined by what foods are presented to us
18) the idea that the mind and body are separate but intertwined describes the viewpoint
of:
a.dualism
b.structuralism
c.introspection
d.none of the above
19) your parents are under a great deal of job stress. which of the following responses
might you expect from them in terms of their parenting behavior?
a.both will devote less attention to your needs.
b.your mother will be more responsive to your needs than usual, whereas your father
will be less responsive to them.
c.both will devote more attention to your needs as a way of coping with the job stress.
d.research has shown that stress is unrelated to gender.