1) according to the concept of reciprocal helping, altruism is adaptive because it
increases the persons:
a.potential value as a mate
b.status within the group
c.capability as a parent
d.probability of survival
2) a study of the experiences of a synesthetefor example, a person who experiences a
visual sensation when hearing a soundis likely to make use of:
a.random selection
b.a case study
c.cross-sectional research
d.participant observation
3) narcotics, such as heroin and morphine, are probably rapidly addictive because they:
a.block neural transmission
b.cause a placebo effect
c.activate the release of substance p
d.bind to endorphin receptors
4) according to siegels research, drug tolerance is greatest when the drug is taken in the
same location as a prior use because:
a.contextual cues make the drugs effects begin before the drug is even taken
b.the body alters neurochemistry or physiology to metabolize the drug before the drug
is even taken
c.the reward system preactivates the dopamine response
d.drug addicts are fearful of new contexts
5) alcohol is a depressant, not a stimulant. although alcohol may make people feel
outgoing, it inhibits the nervous system by effectively increasing the binding of:
a.gaba
b.epinephrine
c.serotonin
d.glutamate
6) motivational states are directive, which means they:
a.call attention to important goals
b.activate us to do something
c.help initiate behaviors that satisfy our needs
d.determine a pattern of physiological activation
7) nitya has been eating a large tuna fish sandwich. after eating the first half, she is no
longer hungry and wraps the other half for later. when she is putting the wrapped
sandwich in the fridge, she notices a piece of apple pie and ends up eating the whole
piece. the most likely reason that nitya felt hungry when she saw the new food is:
a.gourmand syndrome
b.stretch receptors
c.set point
d.sensory-specific satiety
8) if a person has the following characteristics, which one will not necessarily facilitate
that persons serving as a model for ones behavior?
a.attractiveness
b.high status
c.similarity to oneself
d.extroversion
9) the statement once you classically condition an animal it is impossible to completely
terminate the association is:
a.false
b.true
c.false only in humans
d.true only in humans
10) if a therapist gives a client the thematic apperception test, she is attempting to
assess the clients:
a.self-esteem
b.degree of psychopathology
c.sexual conflicts
d.motivational traits
11) this scientist won a nobel prize for his work on the digestive system, work that
made a fundamental contribution to the study of conditioned responses.
a.john watson
b.ivan pavlov
c.b. f. skinner
d.daniel kahneman
12) cynthias psychology professor was talking today about how hard it would be not to
think about purple unicorns. though cynthia has never once before thought about a
purple unicorn, she finds that she cannot stop thinking about them now. cynthia is
experiencing _____ as a result of her attempts at _____.
a.the rebound effect; rumination
b.the rebound effect; thought suppression
c.cognitive persistence; rumination
d.cognitive persistence; thought suppression
13) malik, a child in intensive applied behavior analysis treatment for autism, has
improved in a number of ways after four years with this treatment. however, the major
difficulty for his parents is the:
a.need for him to be in inpatient treatment, which is expensive
b.time commitment involved
c.fact that even with the treatment, he will never be able to attend school in a normal
classroom
d.fact that his intelligence will not improve even with intensive treatment
14) piaget argued that development:
a.is a progression through a series of different stages of cognitive ability
b.is primarily a biological process
c.varies widely across cultures as a function of the physical environment
d.depends more on physical skills than on cognitive skills
15) the values in a data set range from 60 to 90. if a researcher knows this, then the
researcher is aware of the:
a.standard deviation
b.median
c.mode
d.range
16) in visual processing, ventral is to dorsal as:
a.what is to where
b.where is to what
c.superior is to inferior
d.both b and c
17) the availability heuristic can cause people to incorrectly assess the probabilities of
various events because:
a.the most available event is not always the most frequent
b.the most likely event is not always the most frequent
c.it is too difficult to compute joint probabilities of events
d.it is too difficult to distinguish between probabilities and likelihoods
18) which of the following is not a primary emotion?
a.fear
b.guilt
c.sadness
d.disgust