1) in the nervous system, cells called _____ receive, integrate, and transmit
information.
a.axons
b.neurons
c.dendrites
d.glial cells
2) margot is an air force pilot stationed for the past six months in a war zone. you would
expect her immune functioning to be:
a.better than someone who has a less stressful job
b.worse than someone who has a less stressful job
c.about the same as someone who has a less stressful job
d.it is impossible to tell from this example.
3) under stress, females are likely to show a _____ response, whereas males are more
likely to show a(n) _____ response.
a.fight-or-flight; tend-and-befriend
b.coping; noncoping
c.tend-and-befriend; aggression
d.flight; fight
4) which of the following people suffering from schizophrenia will have the worst
prognosis?
a.parvati, a woman diagnosed at age 30 who lives in rural india
b.merlyn, a man diagnosed at age 18 who lives in new york city
c.sherril, a woman diagnosed at age 18 who lives in los angeles
d.simeon, a man diagnosed at age 30 who lives in rural kenya
5) when people meet on the internet, they have the freedom to present themselves in
any way that they please. research on mating strategies suggests that to be most
successful in generating interest from the opposite sex, men should present themselves
as _____ and women should present themselves as _____.
a.professionally successful; physically attractive
b.physically attractive; physically attractive
c.intelligent; kind
d.professionally successful; intelligent and kind
6) if you created a scatter plot of your data, what type of statistic would you have
computed?
a.correlation
b.range
c.median
d.inferential
7) which of the following brain areas is responsible for secreting melatonin?
a.pineal gland
b.suprachiasmic nuclei
c.reticular formation
d.substantia nigra
8) a.cortisol
b.oxytocin
c.norepinephrine
d.testosterone
9) both ginas parents and susans parents got divorced when the girls were very young.
ginas mother is remarried, but susans mother is single. gina is likely to:
a.show secondary sex characteristics after susan does
b.get pregnant
c.start puberty months sooner than susan
d.begin puberty at the same time as susan
10) reinforcement is to punishment as _____ is to _____.
a.increase; decrease
b.decrease; increase
c.before; after
d.awareness; wariness
11) in piagets view of cognitive development, assimilation has occurred when _____,
and accommodation when _____.
a.something new that has happened to the child is incorporated into existing schemas;
new experiences are reinterpreted
b.new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas; existing schemas are
dramatically altered to include the new experiences
c.existing schemas are modified; existing schemas are discarded
d.existing schemas are discarded; existing schemas are modified
12) jalisa is in therapy for major depression. in therapy, she has been encouraged to
acknowledge and express her feelings in a warm, accepting environment established by
her therapist. jalisa is probably in therapy with a(n):
a.humanistic therapist
b.rational-emotive therapist
c.psychoanalyst
d.applied behavior analyst
13) what is the fundamental characteristic of operant conditioning that sets it apart from
classical conditioning?
a.it accounts for more variability in the conditioned response.
b.it is skinnerian rather than pavlovian.
c.it is reflexive rather than cognitively controlled.
d.it involves an association of consequence with behavior.
14) just before an election, a political candidate wants to create a positive image that
will persuade voters who are still undecided to vote for her. she should:
a.give a long speech on tv, making logical arguments for her positions
b.run ads with endorsements from a wide array of well-liked celebrities
c.debate her opponent on the night before the election
d.take ads in the paper that show her detailed positions on the issues
15) which of the following statements is most accurate regarding personality stability?
a.people usually experience many characteristic adaptations throughout life, which can
cause substantial changes in personality over time.
b.personality tends to be stable in adulthood, but can be predicted only from about age
15 or older.
c.personality has a biological basis in infant temperament that influences personality
throughout the life span.
d.personality is mostly influenced by social roles and norms, so it is difficult to predict
accurately.
16) positive punishment and negative punishment are similar in that both:
a.produce an increase in behavior
b.produce a decrease in behavior
c.involve the administration of a stimulus
d.involve the removal of a stimulus
17) biological factors play a role in mental disorders. which of the following is not a
piece of evidence provided in your textbook to support this idea?
a.medications developed for conditions other than mental disorders have provided clues
linking neurotransmitters to certain mental disorders.
b.fraternal twins are eight times more likely to have the same mental disorders as are
unrelated strangers.
c.exposure to environmental toxins in childhood and adolescence is associated with
mental disorders.
d.pet scans demonstrate that some brain regions function differently in people with
mental disorders.
18) if you list a set of scores from the lowest value to the highest, then take the middle
value to indicate what is a typical score, you are using the:
a.mean
b.mode
c.median
d.range
19) if you had been consulted when abu ghraib was being developed for use by the u.s.
military, what advice could you have given about minimizing the probability that the
prisoners would be mistreated?
a.establish a clear chain of command and clear responsibilities.
b.test potential guards and use only those who are psychologically stable.
c.encourage values by emphasizing group solidarity as americans.
d.make sure that the guards are paid well enough not to resent their work.
20) in their analyses of language acquisition, chomsky and vygotsky differ in the
emphasis they place on:
a.the importance of grammar
b.the innate differences that exist across cultures and across races
c.the importance of a sensitive period in vocabulary acquisition
d.innate readiness versus the influence of culture on language development