1) a psychophysicist would be most directly concerned with:
a.our psychological reactions to physical stress
b.the effects of genetics on the endocrine system
c.the effect of neurotransmitters on depression
d.the relation between the wavelength of light and the experience of color
2) drugs that enhance the effects of gaba:
a.are used to treat depression
b.affect the location of reception
c.are used to treat anxiety and insomnia
d.may cause seizures and hallucinations
3) shyness as a personality disposition is:
a.associated with depression and reduced social support in adulthood
b.associated with an underactive amygdala
c.remarkably stable across the life span
d.not affected by culture
4) imagine you have just met the person who is going to be your roommate next year.
on the basis of what psychologists know about judgments of personality, to whom
would you ask questions about what the new roommate is like, and why?
a.the future roommate, because self-descriptions have been found to be the best
predictors of behavior
b.his or her current close acquaintances, because research has found that people are not
always objective about some aspects of their own behavior
c.other people in your dorm who do not know but can observe the new roommates
behavior, because they will be the most objective
d.no one, because research has found that such descriptions usually cannot predict
future behavior
5) which of the following terms is used to describe the removal of a stimulus?
a.positive
b.negative
c.reinforcement
d.punishment
6) with respect to the better-than-average effect, which of the following statements is
true?
a.the effect is absent in asian cultures.
b.the effect is less pronounced among asians than among people in the united states.
c.the effect is just as pronounced among asians as it is among people in the united
states.
d.the effect is more pronounced among asians than among people in the united states.
7) in which of the following groups are people most likely to exercise regularly?
a.european americans
b.hispanic americans
c.asian americans
d.african americans
8) sharaz, a 5-year-old, is at the park with her father. the ice cream truck is parked at the
corner. her father has told sharaz that she can have ice cream when they leave the park
if she does not ask for it until then. to keep herself from asking for the ice cream, sharaz
imagines that the truck has gotten hot and all the ice cream has melted. sharaz is
delaying gratification using the successful strategy of:
a.turning a hot cognition to a cold cognition
b.using a visual image for distraction
c.turning a cold cognition to a hot cognition
d.both b and c
9) fluid intelligence has been argued _____ adaptive; crystallized intelligence has been
argued _____ adaptive.
a.to be; not to be
b.to be; to be
c.not to be; to be
d.not to be; not to be
10) in summarizing what is known about the treatment of autism, you should conclude
that even though there are problems with this treatment, _____ have shown the most
promise.
a.biological treatments
b.psychotherapy interventions
c.social skills training approaches
d.behavioral techniques
11) the best definition of learning is that learning:
a.results entirely from maturation rather than experience
b.must result in adaptation of behavior, but does not have to be enduring
c.always results in adaptations in behavior
d.is relatively enduring and results from experience
12) alyssa and orlando have been together for three years. the first year was
overwhelming. they spent all their time together, and every meeting was intense and
arousing. their relationship now is less intense, but involves deep caring and intimacy.
according to hatfield and berscheid, alyssa and orlando have moved from _____ love to
_____ love.
a.romantic; consummate
b.passionate; companionate
c.infatuated; mature
d.physical; friendly
13) most people:
a.are unrealistically optimistic about their futures
b.overestimate their control over events
c.overestimate their abilities
d.all of the above
14) in observational studies, participants sometimes show reactivity. a related
phenomenon in self-report studies is called:
a.participant observation
b.experimenter expectancy
c.socially desirable responding
d.the third variable problem