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1) which of the following statements is true of serendipity in science?
a.serendipity plays no important role in science because unexpected findings have
always been unimportant.
b.serendipity has led to groundbreaking discoveries that immediately resulted in the
nobel prize for researchers.
c.serendipitous findings in science illustrate that research does not always proceed in an
orderly fashion.
d.none of the above are true.
2) research has shown that being socially isolated increases the risk of illness by the
same amount as smoking a pack of cigarettes a day. this finding supports the idea that
the need for _____ is a fundamental adaptive motive.
a.actualization
b.belonging
c.efficacy
d.affiliation
3) research has demonstrated that infants:
a.do not develop a preference for sounds from their own language until they are about 1
year old
b.show a preference for sounds from their own language by the time they are a week
old
c.cannot distinguish sounds from their own language and other languages until they
start to speak
d.cannot distinguish sounds from their own language and other languages until their
vocabulary includes well over 1,000 words
4) studies of the relationship between infant temperament and adult personalities show:
a.lack of a valid, reliable relationship between the two
b.infant temperament can predict aspects of adult personality
c.that positive but not negative social behaviors can be predicted by early temperament
d.that children classified as inhibited at age 3 were likely to be outgoing by young
adulthood
5) the idea that behaviors are learned and can be unlearned through classical and
operant conditioning is the basis of _____ therapies.
a.cognitive
b.behavioral
c.humanistic
d.psychoanalytic
6) as beatriz works outside in her yard, she works up a pretty good sweat. this is due in
part to the functioning of her:
a.somatic nervous system
b.autonomic nervous system
c.central nervous system
d.endocrine system
7) the extensive use of _____ is largely responsible for the dramatic reduction in the
number of individuals institutionalized for mental disorders in the latter half of the last
century.
a.cognitive-behavioral therapy
b.behavior modification
c.medications
d.social skills training
8) kitchi and cosette are studying in the library on a sunday afternoon. when they take a
break for lunch, they discover that the university caf, the campus convenience store,
and their dorm cafeteria are closed. kitchi decides that he is hungry enough to walk half
a mile to eat off campus. cosette decides that she is not that hungry. kitchi and cosette
differ in the _____ of their motivation to have lunch.
a.energy
b.goal-directedness
c.strength
d.sincerity
9) the axons from _____ cells form the _____, which exits the eye at the back of the
retina.
a.ganglion; optic nerve
b.amacrine; optic nerve
c.ganglion; optic chiasm
d.amacrine; optic chiasm
10) arianna is a nervous and shy adult, is often afraid of making mistakes in public, and
is worried about being judged by others. arianna probably:
a.was inhibited as a child
b.had overly strict parents
c.has perfectionistic personality disorder
d.will develop paranoid personality disorder at some point in her life
