1) if a researcher does not have a clear operational definition of the behavior he is
studying, he might experience:
a.observer bias
b.reactivity
c.confounds
d.a directionality problem
2) anke is working in a laboratory and comes across a rat that is grossly overweight and
seems unable to stop eating. the researcher tells anke this rat has a brain lesion. which
part of the brain most likely has the lesion?
a.amygdala
b.hypothalamus
c.frontal lobe
d.brain stem
3) persons diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder frequently perform the same
act over and over again. the best explanation for this is that the act:
a.is an unconscious habit
b.is controlled by brain centers that have been damaged
c.reflects low levels of brain oxytocin
d.serves to relieve or reduce anxiety
4) after failing a test, troy explained his poor performance by saying, i planned to study
really hard for this exam, but i was feeling sick, so i did poorly. during a previous exam,
when troy did well, he said that he studied for many hours and that all his hard work
had paid off. troy is showing evidence of:
a.self-schema rearrangement
b.a self-serving bias
c.a positive illusion
d.self-deprecation
5) piaget used the concept of accommodation to describe what happens when:
a.the development of new cognitive schemas occurs
b.current schemas are changed very slightly
c.a child modifies a new object so it fits an already existing schema
d.a child uses the same behavior to deal with new objects
6) how do the idiographic and nomothetic approaches to studying personality differ?
a.the first focuses on the unique characteristics of the individual, whereas the latter
looks at variation in characteristics common to all people.
b.the first uses projective reports, whereas the latter employs case reports.
c.the first uses research methods, whereas the latter employs psychobiography.
d.they employ essentially the same methods but make different assumptions about
personality dynamics.
7) according to aaron beck, which of these thoughts is a person who is suffering from
depression most likely to have after failing an exam?
a.i didnt have enough time to study for this exam, ill do better next time.
b.i am so stupid. i will have to drop out of college.
c.this professor is so unfair.
d.oh well, most of the class probably failed, too.
8) which of the following is not a psychosexual stage of development?
a.oral
b.id
c.phallic
d.latency
9) which of the following interventions has the greatest potential for reducing the
number of adolescent deaths?
a.methamphetamine awareness
b.accident prevention
c.aids awareness
d.anorexia prevention
10) according to kobasa, which of the following is not a component of the hardiness
personality trait?
a.comparison
b.challenge
c.commitment
d.control
11) in freuds structural model of personality:
a.the superego dominates other structures in determining behavior
b.the ego operates according to the reality principle
c.the ego eventually becomes unresponsive to the id because of mental habituation
d.the superego is the realistic, rational portion of the mind
12) a concern over female hormonal cycles has historically led to stress research that
_____ aggression because _____ typically have been used in stress research studies.
a.underemphasizes; females
b.overemphasizes; females
c.underemphasizes; males
d.overemphasizes; males