1) psychoanalysis uses _____ to help patients gain insight into their psychological
processes.
a.free association
b.learned maladaptive behaviors
c.faulty thinking
d.emotional expression
2) after split-brain surgery, a picture of a chair is shown to the right hemisphere of a
patient. when asked what she saw, the patient states she saw _____, but when given a
pencil she draws _____.
a.a chair; nothing
b.nothing; a chair
c.a chair; a chair
d.nothing, nothing
3) children who suffer severe neglect have brains that are smaller and that develop
abnormally. these results are most likely due to:
a.a lack of synaptic connections
b.a lack of synaptic pruning
c.plasticity
d.environmental enrichment
4) research has shown that some types of behavioral or psychiatric disorders are more
prevalent among people with low levels of education. this pattern of data is associated
with:
a.inferential statistics
b.descriptive statistics
c.negative correlations
d.standard deviations
5) critical thinking is best defined as thinking that:
a.is systematic and reasonable
b.is open-minded and creative
c.criticizes others opinions
d.uses inferences but does not solve problems
6) behaving in a way that confirms stereotypes is referred to as:
a.stereotyping
b.discrimination
c.prejudice
d.self-fulfilling prophecy
7) which of the following is not a general form of meditation?
a.focusing attention on one particular thing, such as ones breathing pattern
b.consciously trying to stop your inner thoughts
c.repeating a mantra
d.listening to your inner voice without responding
8) memory is stored in which area of the brain?
a.hippocampus
b.cerebellum
c.amygdala
d.all of the above
9) once a week, a cats owner used an electric can opener to open a can of tuna, and then
fed the cat out of the can. the cat learned to salivate at the sound of the opener, but then
the opener broke. while the appliance was in the repair shop, the owner used a manual
can opener. the cat did not salivate at the sound of the manual opener. once the owner
was using the electric opener again, the cat again salivated at the sound. this salivation
after the repair is an example of:
a.habituation
b.spontaneous recovery
c.sensitivity
d.extinction
10) on monday, manuel interviewed for a job that he really wants. the interviewer told
manuel that he would call on friday to tell manuel if he got the job. on late friday
afternoon, manuel is in the shower, straining to hear the phone above the noise of the
water. whenever he hears a sound, he thinks it is the phone. manuel is showing _____, a
concept described in _____.
a.response bias; psychophysics
b.sensory adaptation; psychophysics
c.response bias; signal detection theory
d.sensory adaptation; signal detection theory
11) josh was trying to decide which of two people to hire for a job. donna told him a
story about her parents deciding to get two cats when they could not decide which one
to buy. josh recognized that hiring both people would solve his problem as well. josh
has:
a.restructured his problem
b.worked backward from an end state
c.used an appropriate analogy
d.overcome a mental set
12) you are conducting an informal study in which, for a month, you play a particular
song for your best friend right before you serve dinner to her. eventually, you play the
song, and then wait to see how your friend responds. she begins to salivate and says she
has hunger pains. in this scenario, what is the conditioned stimulus?
a.the song
b.the food
c.the time of day
d.salivation
13) which of the following statements is true of young infants?
a.they show no preferences for particular stimuli because they cannot discriminate
between them.
b.they prefer familiar stimuli to novel stimuli.
c.they prefer novel stimuli to familiar stimuli.
d.they prefer circular stimuli to rectangular stimuli.
14) what differentiates major depression from bipolar disorder?
a.the age when the diagnosis is made
b.the number of presenting symptoms
c.the severity of the disorder
d.the alternating periods of depression and of mania in bipolar disorder
15) noreen asserts that our behavior often reflects unconscious motives and conflicts.
this viewpoint is most consistent with the _____ approach in psychology.
a.freudian
b.structuralist
c.gestalt
d.behaviorist
16) according to your textbook, scoring low on the trait of _____ is associated with
relatively high consistency in your behavior across situations.
a.neuroticism
b.self-monitoring
c.agreeableness
d.subjective well-being
17) antipsychotic drugs:
a.affect behavior, but do little to affect cognition
b.have some minor and reversible side effects
c.reduce the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations
d.are most helpful with people who have catatonic schizophrenia
18) which of the following drugs costs the united states the most in terms of lost
workdays, medical treatment, and rehabilitation costs?
a.alcohol
b.marijuana
c.cocaine and methamphetamine
d.opiates