1) data collection is particularly problematic when a researcher uses participant
observation because:
a.the researcher is able to make use of only closed-ended questions
b.the researcher fails to recognize the third variable problem
c.random error occurs in the initial stages of observation
d.the researcher loses objectivity in participating with a group
2) what evidence suggests that the nmda receptor is responsible for associative
learning?
a.nmda activates only in long-term potentiated neurons.
b.only multiple neurons firing simultaneously can activate the nmda receptor.
c.only glutamate can activate nmda receptors.
d.only high-frequency firing can activate nmda receptors to cause long-term
potentiation.
3) mohini and her boyfriend are arguing a lot. she finds that when she becomes angry at
him, it helps to relieve her anger if she goes out running. according to hull, mohinis
increased likelihood of running when she is angry will be due to a(n):
a.incentive
b.drive
c.habit
d.both b and c
4) john has been hearing voices and believes that people are after him. his functioning
is deteriorating and his family is worried about him. john clearly needs medication to
control his delusions and hallucinations. which kind of mental health professional will
john be most likely to see for treatment?
a.a counseling psychologist
b.a psychiatrist
c.a general practitioner
d.a psychological social worker
5) klver and bucy removed an area of the brain of a rhesus monkey. the monkey is now
extremely friendly, explores objects that he used to fear, and puts everything in his
mouth. the area of the monkeys brain that was removed was the:
a.prefrontal cortex
b.thalamus
c.hippocampus
d.amygdala
6) in terms of the number of structures (e.g., the id) that freud believed made up the
mind, which other theory is most similar?
a.the five-factor theory
b.eysencks hierarchical model, consisting of three superordinate traits
c.tellegens two-factor theory
d.allports model, consisting of a limitless number of personality traits
7) in this pictorial depth cue, objects below the horizon that appear higher in the visual
field are perceived as being farther away, and objects above the horizon that appear
lower in the visual field are perceived as being farther away.
a.occlusion
b.relative size
c.familiar size
d.position relative to horizon
8) jack and kate, a married couple, have demanding jobs and too little time for their
relationship. they decide that one of them needs to step down in his or her career, but
they cannot agree on who should do it. their marriage counselor is trying to get them to
see that other solutions are possible. in doing this, the counselor is encouraging them to
_____ their problem.
a.gain insight into
b.minimize the impact of
c.rationalize
d.restructure
9) thinking about how good a piece of chocolate cake would taste is a _____ cognition;
working through how the recipe could be improved to make an even better cake is a
_____ cognition.
a.cold; hot
b.hot; cold
c.sensory; analytic
d.analytic; sensory
10) john has a great capacity to empathize with others. he calls his parents three times a
week. johns regular phone calls demonstrate that guilt:
a. encourages behaviors that strengthen relationships
b. can be used to manipulate others
c. demonstrates caring
d. makes people faithful to their life partners
11) the purpose of homeostatic behaviors is to:
a.generate a drive to satisfy a need
b.stabilize conditions in the body
c.create a state of arousal
d.both a and c
12) what cognitive limitation is the tendency of individuals to view the world through
their own experiences?
a.assimilation
b.accommodation
c.centration
d.egocentrism
13) regarding the factors potentially influencing behavior, which of the following
statements is true?
a.behavior overwhelmingly reflects genetics.
b.behavior mainly stems from environmental causes.
c.behavior is generated mainly by the endocrine system.
d.behavior reflects an interaction between genetics and the environment.
14) when the lateral region of the hypothalamus is damaged, rats will develop _____,
which leads to _____.
a.aphagia; weight loss
b.hyperphagia; obesity
c.aphagia; obesity
d.hyperphagia; weight loss
15) the fact that small samples are less reliable indicators of typical behavior than large
samples is associated with the principle of:
a.psychophysiological assessment
b.descriptive statistics
c.the use of random sampling
d.the law of large numbers
16) the first categorization of mental disorders developed out of:
a.kraepelins realization that not all people with abnormal behavior have similar
symptoms
b.the statistical finding that mental disorders involve separate traits and behaviors
c.behaviorist treatments that applied to only a few categories of disorder
d.brain imaging studies, which revealed that disorders had unique biological correlates
17) people who suffer from anxiety disorders have been found to have:
a.had an inhibited temperamental style as children
b.been depressed as children
c.had neurotic parents
d.an increased likelihood of a more serious disorder, such as schizophrenia
18) depressed individuals tend to attribute negative outcomes to _____ and positive
outcomes to _____.
a.others; idealistic and unrealistic role models
b.personal shortcomings; luck
c.chance; chance
d.errors in logic; an idealized part of themselves
19) a childrens flipbook consists of a series of pictures of mickey mouse with his feet in
slightly different positions. if you look at the pages one at a time, slowly, all you see are
the individual pictures of mickey. however, if you flip the pages quickly, you see
mickey running. this illusion is due to storage of the successive pictures in:
a.sensory memory
b.echoic memory
c.working memory
d.short-term memory
20) the expectation that someone will sell you nails in a hardware store, whereas
someone will sell you dresses in a boutique, comes from this property of schemas:
a.categories contain exemplars
b.concepts contain prototypes
c.situations have consistent attributes
d.schemas have prototypes