1) two longtime friends, joyce and laurie, want to get back in touch with their childhood
friend rhonda, but they do not know whether she still lives in the area. joyce randomly
selects phone numbers from the local phonebook and asks people if they know rhonda.
laurie calls numbers listed in the local phonebook for people who have the same last
name as rhonda. joyce has approached the problem with a trial-and-error approach,
whereas laurie has approached the problem with a(n) _____.
a.trial-and-error approach
b.algorithm
c.utility theory
d.heuristic
2) research on friendship formation suggests that you would be best able to predict
which students will become friends in their dorm by how:
a.much alike their majors are
b.far apart their rooms are
c.similar they are in attractiveness
d.much alike their backgrounds are
3) _____ can lead to reinforcing racism or sexism.
a.exemplars
b.schemas
c.reasoning
d.cognition
4) one brain scan study showed that in white participants, the threat-detecting amygdala
is activated _____ on exposure to pictures of black faces, producing immediate negative
responses; whereas frontal lobe activity indicating cognitive judgments activated more
_____.
a.slowly; slowly
b.slowly; quickly
c.quickly; quickly
d.quickly; slowly
5) marte has just lost 15 pounds. even though she has developed better eating habits and
is thrilled by her new weight, she has a stronger urge to eat and a desire to eat more
frequently than she did even before she lost the weight. the most likely reason for
martes problem is:
a.an increase in ghrelin
b.a decrease in glucose
c.a decrease in leptin
d.both b and c
6) halvor is lonely in college and wants to make more friends. he examines his own
behavior and realizes that to make friends he will need to go out more and deliberately
try to talk with people. making friends is a(n) _____; going out and talking to people is
_____.
a.need; an achievement
b.personal goal; self-regulation
c.drive; self-efficacy
d.incentive; a gratification
7) brenda has used a primary appraisal, but not a secondary appraisal, in her analysis of
an event. because she has not used secondary appraisal, we can guess that the event
was:
a.related to brendas self-identity
b.followed by a physiological response
c.nonthreatening
d.highly emotional
8) the taste sensation of umami is a result of the detection of _____, which is a naturally
occurring substance found in foods such as meat, some cheeses, and mushrooms.
a.gluten
b.glutamate
c.fiber
d.capsaicin
9) the idea that memory is distributed throughout the brain is called:
a.concurrent storage
b.equity of distribution
c.connectivity
d.equipotentiality
10) cognitive factors, including _____, can close the neural gate in the spinal cord that
allows the signals of pain to be sent to the brain.
a.stress
b.anxiety
c.distraction
d.fear
11) according to the circumplex model of emotion, depression is a state of _____ and
_____, whereas calm is a state of _____ and _____.
a.negative affect; high arousal; neutral affect; low arousal
b.negative affect; low arousal; neutral affect; low arousal
c.negative affect; low arousal; positive affect; low arousal
d.negative affect; low arousal; negative affect; low arousal
12) personality consists of characteristic _____ that are relatively stable over time and
circumstances.
a.thoughts
b.emotional responses
c.behaviors
d.all of the above
13) researchers who are part of the positive psychology movement would look to which
of the following well-known, classical psychologists as a role model?
a.hans selye
b.abraham maslow
c.b. f. skinner
d.sigmund freud
14) the idea of inclusive fitness is designed to explain the problem that:
a.evolution occurs at the level of the gene, not the individual
b.altruism seems to contradict the principles of evolution
c.altruism acts through the process of kin selection
d.evolution involves maximizing transmission of common, not individual, genes
15) after reading your psychology textbook, your friend george decides that he uses
primarily emotion-focused coping strategies when dealing with problems in his daily
life. georges conclusion implies that he:
a.decides on which strategy to use by weighing the emotional costs and benefits
associated with a particular strategy
b.tries to avoid or minimize his problemsfor example, by reading a book or listening to
music
c.first tries to assess how he feels emotionally, and then develops a rational plan of
action
d.takes immediate steps to solve the problem
16) catalina has gotten an entirely new haircut that she is eager to show her boyfriend. a
social psychologist might advise her that initially her boyfriend is likely to:
a.not like the haircut because it is new
b.not like the haircut because she did not ask his opinion first
c.like the haircut just because she is so happy with it
d.like the haircut because having her look different is exciting
17) peter took an italian class in college, but forgot much of what he knew. before his
honeymoon to italy, he took another class so that he could get along while there. if he
learns information more quickly this time around, you would say that _____ is helpful
because it results in _____.
a.recognition; traces
b.relearning; return
c.relearning; savings
d.reconstruction; savings
18) personality disorders are grouped with mental retardation in the diagnostic and
statistical manual because:
a.improvement tends to be minimal over the life course
b.both involve seriously reduced intellectual functioning
c.they are thought to have similar biological causes
d.they both result in social exclusion