1) a problem with schemas is that they can easily:
a.promote stereotypes
b.incorrectly categorize examples
c.confuse prototypes and exemplars
d.miss defining attributes
2) imagine you have a twin who has just been diagnosed with major depression. are
your chances of showing symptoms of this disorder affected by whether he or she is an
identical or a fraternal twin?
a.no; both types of twins have equal susceptibility rates.
b.yes; your chances are much greater if you are an identical twin.
c.it depends on whether you have other relatives who have also experienced depression.
d.it depends on whether you are a male or a female.
3) if a researcher finds that a participant produces very different scores on a task each
time the participant engages in that task, a researcher can conclude that:
a.the measurements are probably valid but not reliable
b.the measurements show a high level of random error
c.the data will show no central tendency
d.there will be a need to use inferential statistics
4) psychologists have noted that some forms of mental disorders are more common
among lower socioeconomic groups. which model of mental illness is best able to
account for this observation?
a.the family systems model
b.the sociocultural model
c.the cognitive-behavioral model
d.the hierarchy model
5) the zygotic stage of development ends at _____ weeks of development.
a.24
b.32
c.2
d.8
6) which hormone is assumed to stimulate infant/mother bonding during breast feeding?
a.serotonin
b.oxytocin
c.peptide
d.androgen
7) if schizophrenia did not have a genetic basis, then concordance for schizophrenia in
identical twins would be:
a.very low
b.about 12 percent
c.about 25 percent
d.a little over 50 percent
8) the drug thalidomide, when administered to pregnant women:
a.facilitated the development of immune responses in offspring
b.resulted in a high incidence of severe birth defects
c.did not relieve the negative symptoms of pregnancy as had been hoped
d.balanced the levels of hormones that a fetus was exposed to
9) bruno is shy in most situations, would prefer to read than go to a party, likes working
with computers, and spends minimal time worrying about the future. brunos many
characteristics are referred to as his:
a.dispositional array
b.personality
c.ego
d.practical self
10) robert, a formerly homeless man, has recently begun enjoying the experience of
paying utility bills and rent. these activities are meaningful to him because they remind
him that he is no longer homeless. in finding meaning in these activities, robert is
engaging in the process of:
a.downward comparisons
b.upward spiraling
c.anticipatory coping
d.creating positive events
11) the psychologist robert rosenthal told student researchers that some rats in a study
would learn a task quickly and others would learn the task slowly. in reality, there was
no difference in the rats ability to learn the task. when the students tested the rats, the
animals learning matched what the students were told. these results reflect the:
a.hawthorne effect
b.experimenter expectancy effect
c.directionality problem
d.third variable problem
12) in correlational studies, there is ambiguity as to which variable is the cause and
which variable is the effect. this phenomenon is known as:
a.observer bias
b.experimenter expectancy effects
c.the directionality problem
d.the third variable problem
13) the best argument that long-term memory and short-term memory are separate
entities is that:
a.brain damage can leave one but not the other memory intact
b.recent events are remembered better than most past events
c.recalling past events requires retrieval cues but recalling recent events does not
d.the recency effect can be disrupted but the primacy effect cannot