1) which of the following types of evidence provided the foundation for freudian
theory?
a.survey responses of large samples of adults
b.observations of adults in everyday contexts
c.case studies of patients in therapy
d.laboratory studies of animal behavior
2) an intensive treatment for autism based on operant conditioning principles is:
a.cognitive therapy
b.applied behavior analysis
c.behavior therapy
d.none of the above
3) many school systems advocate having children who turn 5 just before the school
entry deadline wait a year so that they will be more socially mature when they start
kindergarten. what does the literature on iq scores suggest about a possible consequence
of this approach?
a.the delayed schooling may lower their iqs.
b.they may have higher iqs when they start school.
c.there may be effects on achievement but not on iq.
d.added social maturity may facilitate iq development.
4) something that can be measured or manipulated by an experimenter is considered:
a.a descriptive statistic
b.data
c.a confound
d.a variable
5) in a single person, gustation involves _____ taste buds, all located on the _____.
a.800 to 1,000; tongue
b.8,000 to 10,000: tongue, throat, and mouth
c.800 to 1,000; tongue, throat, and mouth
d.8,000 to 10,000; tongue
6) joellie is a competent woman with high self-esteem. she was given a big project at
work and was sure that she could complete it on time. months later, she was not
finished with the project and began to blame the project manager. why did you give me
such a hard task? its not my fault it isnt finished. the project management was terrible,
and the project was doomed to fail from the beginning. joellie is showing evidence of:
a.a self-serving bias
b.self-esteem disengagement
c.self-sabotage
d.a self-deprecating personality style
7) uncle frank has a heart condition, which means he needs to be very careful about
certain aspects of his life. based on research on family-focused interventions, which of
these actions will be least helpful in encouraging uncle frank to lead a healthier life?
a.providing rewards for his positive health behaviors
b.planning his daily schedule for him
c.encouraging him to make his own health decisions
d.modeling healthy behaviors, such as eating a well-balanced diet
8) habituation and sensitization come about because of:
a.a physical connection that forms between two neurons
b.growth of additional neurons
c.changes in neurotransmitter release in the presynaptic neuron
d.changes in neurotransmitter release in the postsynaptic neuron
9) a gene is:
a.a segment of dna that is involved in producing proteins that carry out specific tasks
b.the same as a chromosome
c.a segment of rna that carries out specific cellular building tasks
d.programmed to produce protein irrespective of the environment
10) if people did not possess dopamine neurons, addiction to nicotine would be:
a.less likely
b.more likely
c.unaffected
d.strong at first and weak later
11) since coming to college, roger has eaten many kinds of foods that he had never even
heard of before. he has found that he dislikes oysters but enjoys sushi. what difference
could you predict between his attitudes to oysters and sushi?
a.he came to dislike oysters faster than he came to like sushi.
b.he dislikes oysters more than he likes sushi.
c.he had a bias against oysters but not sushi before trying both foods.
d.he will be more likely to come to enjoy oysters than to stop enjoying sushi.
12) brainstorming is a technique used in group decision making. to brainstorm, group
members are encouraged to offer all of their ideas without internally censoring them.
the group has an open discussion, examining all the ideas and available data. as you
might expect, brainstorming was developed to counter:
a.social loafing
b.social facilitation
c.group polarization
d.groupthink
13) which of the following statements is not true?
a.consciousness is associated with brain activity.
b.consciousness is synonymous with awareness.
c.consciousness reflects subjective experience.
d.consciousness is not always necessary for information processing.
14) hazan and shaver concluded that the pattern of attachment that a child had to his
parents predicts important aspects of the relationships that child will have with adults. a
major problem with this interpretation is that:
a.the concept of attachment is poorly defined
b.the data is strictly correlational
c.the categories of adult relationships are too broad
d.they are relying on childhood memories
15) in which form of therapy is the therapist most likely to model or demonstrate
adaptive behaviors so the client can learn how to perform these behaviors?
a.psychodynamic
b.client-centered
c.behavioral
d.rational-emotive therapy
16) across individuals, language development is characterized by:
a.similar stages but variations in the rate of acquisition
b.highly similar rates of acquisition
c.differences in the order in which the stages occur
d.high similarity in the rate at which vocabulary is developed but large differences in
the acquisition of the rules of grammar
17) phoua has been severely depressed for the last year and has been hospitalized for
the past three months because she is suicidal and a danger to herself. many of the
first-line or typical treatments for depression have not been effective for phoua,
including cognitive therapy and drug therapy. the form of treatment most likely to be
effective for her is:
a.institutionalization
b.electroconvulsive therapy
c.a prefrontal lobotomy
d.a combination of deep brain stimulation and an atypical antipsychotic