1) a surgical team was operating in a rural hospital without a backup electrical
generator. the power went out. to provide light for the surgery, they collected all the cell
phones in the hospital and turned them on. the operation was able to proceed because
the surgical team avoided _____ and _____ the problem.
a.functional fixedness; restructured
b.mental sets; correctly analyzed
c.affective forecasting; gained insight into
d.the availability heuristic; reframed
2) which of the following types of studies allows the researcher to establish causality
between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
a.descriptive studies
b.correlational studies
c.experiment
d.none of the above
3) the gianellis adopted abigail and two years later adopted cassandra, each from a
different set of biological parents. as the girls get older, you would expect that the
evidence for genetic influences on their levels of guilt would get _____ and the
evidence for the influence of a shared environment on guilt would get _____.
a.stronger; stronger
b.weaker; weaker
c.weaker; stronger
d.stronger; weaker
4) which of the following does not reflect the role of classical conditioning in drug
addiction?
a.the feel of a needle in the skin eliciting the effects of heroin
b.contextual cues increasing drug cravings
c.the effectiveness of treatment centers in getting addicts to quit
d.the smell of coffee eliciting arousal
5) which of the following is not an example of a question scientists might ask regarding
evolutionary adaptations in humans?
a.why do people like sweets and foods high in fat?
b.why do young children develop a fear of heights, as shown in visual cliff studies?
c.how has walking upright increased human survival?
d.can you learn to adapt your note-taking style from a lecture to small-group discussion
classes?
6) zarina is talking to spirits that no one else can see. she sometimes channels the spirits
so they can talk with living people. zarina:
a.is suffering from dissociative identity disorder
b.is most likely a paranoid schizophrenic
c.is showing behavior that is both personally distressing and maladaptive
d.may be doing something normal, depending on her cultural background and beliefs
7) tharas roommate has been complaining about having a pinched nerve from moving
some furniture. what is she likely referring to as a nerve?
a.a single axon from a portion of her back to her spinal cord
b.a neuron that is part of her spinal cord
c.a bundle of axons from some nerves in her back
d.a neuron that connects to the pain center in her spine
8) avi broke his ankle skiing. at first, he felt a sharp and intense pain. the next day, the
sharp pain was gone, but his ankle throbbed almost all the time. the sharp immediate
pain was due to _____; the later throbbing pain was due to _____.
a.unmyelinated axons; myelinated axons
b.myelinated axons; unmyelinated axons
c.pain receptors; pressure receptors
d.pressure receptors; pain receptors
9) a critical component for labeling a persons behavior a consequence of a mental
disorder is that the behavior:
a.must be present in other people who have already been diagnosed with the disorder
b.is under the voluntary control of the person
c.must pose a serious threat to those around the person
d.must interfere with some aspect of the persons life
10) careers in psychology that are expected to grow in the future include:
a.working with older adults
b.working with soldiers
c.homeland security
d.all of the above
11) because the brain cannot process physical stimuli directly, it must convert the
stimuli into chemical and electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. this
process is known as:
a.coarse coding
b.signal detection
c.transduction
d.sensory adaptation
12) leo and jenny had a major argument. that night, he gives her a lovely necklace to
apologize. jenny thinks that he gave her the necklace not to make her happy, but to
make himself feel better. jenny is making a _____ attribution.
a.partner-enhancing
b.causal
c.malicious
d.distress-maintaining
13) from eriksons point of view, what is the major goal of development during the
adolescent period?
a.learning to deal with sexual issues
b.developing an adult identity
c.resolving the intimacy versus isolation crisis
d.identifying sexual orientation
14) the phase of information processing that is most similar to a google search is:
a.encoding
b.storage
c.retrieval
d.rehearsal
15) according to some psychologists, sigmund freuds theory of the meaning of dreams
was not a successful theory because:
a.it was too socially controversial
b.he developed the theory from previous ideas
c.it did not lead to many testable hypotheses
d.it was based on research later shown to be invalid
16) which of the following statements is true concerning assessment of psychological
disorders?
a.assessment may be evidence-based.
b.assessment may continue throughout treatment.
c.assessment may involve structured or unstructured interviews.
d.all of the above are true.
17) thorndikes rule that actions resulting in good outcomes will be repeated and bad
outcomes will not be repeated is known as the:
a.mass action rule
b.law of effect
c.tenet of behavioral reciprocity
d.operant theory of cognition
18) brain imaging studies of patients with schizophrenia have shown all of the
following except:
a.reduced brain tissue in the frontal cortex
b.enlarged ventricle size
c.reduced brain tissue in the temporal lobes
d.decreased levels of dopamine