1) if you look at a sheet of white paper in a dim room and then look at it in bright
sunlight, the paper will reflect more light to the eye when you are outside than inside.
yet we see the paper as having the same lightness in both situations. why?
a.the brain adjusts for our memory of the lightness of the paper.
b.the brain makes the assumption that lightness does not change with location.
c.the brain uses the paper/surround intensity ratio in both locations.
d.the brain adjusts the perception of the lightness of the paper.
2) depression is said to be the common cold of mental disorders. if depression is the
common cold, then dysthymia is:
a.the flu
b.a major disease such as cancer
c.a constant, but not serious, runny nose
d.a traumatic surgery
3) which type of psychologists study, assess, and treat individuals with psychological
disorders?
a.school
b.personality
c.clinical
d.cognitive
4) consider two representations. representation a is abstract and bears no resemblance to
what it represents, whereas representation b has some characteristics of what it
represents. representation a is a(n) _____ and representation b is a(n) _____.
a.symbolic representation; analogical representation
b.analogical representation; symbolic representation
c.analogical representation; analogical representation
d.symbolic representation; symbolic representation
5) ultimately, changes in air pressure underlie the sense of:
a.audition
b.olfaction
c.gustation
d.vision
6) a researcher believes that presenting possible suspects in a lineup one at a time
instead of in a group would lead to more accurate identification of the true suspect. this
belief represents a(n):
a.hypothesis
b.independent variable
c.response performance
d.theory
7) jamal wants to find out whether the customers of his coffee shop prefer that he add
booths or keep his tables and chairs. a researcher would be likely to use what kind of
study to help him?
a.participant observation
b.self-report
c.correlational
d.experimental
8) research on the brain development of mice that are raised in environments offering
different degrees of stimulation suggests that the increased intelligence seen in children
raised in more stimulating environments is due to:
a.activation of genes involved in forming new neurotransmitters
b.increases in the kinds of neurons formed
c.increases in the number of new neurons formed
d.more synaptic connections
9) danny, who has a damaged amygdala, accidentally spilled kerosene on a campfire
and got badly burned. later, dannys reaction to fire is that he:
a.knows it is dangerous and has a strong conditioned fear response to it
b.does not think it is dangerous and has no conditioned fear of it
c.does not think it is dangerous but becomes terrified around it
d.knows it is dangerous but has no conditioned fear of it
10) samantha is participating in a psychology experiment in which she sees a sentence
on a computer screen and is to decide as quickly as possible whether the sentence is
true or false. according to the defining attribute model, samantha would _____ answer
true to the sentence a penguin is a bird as she is to answer true to the sentence a robin is
a bird.
a.be more likely to
b.be less likely to
c.be equally likely to
d.not
11) the central route to persuasion is one in which:
a.the appeal is to the central neurological paths
b.the most basic and direct arguments are used
c.rational cognitive arguments are used
d.the argument is directed only at the central point
12) sherri has only 23 chromosome pairs. how common is this in terms of human
development?
a.atypical
b.typical
c.atypical but not abnormal
d.highly atypical and usually fatal
13) scientific observations are:
a.casual
b.objective
c.biased
d.none of the above
14) galton believed that the most important factor in intelligence was:
a.the amount of available neural storage
b.the efficiency of the brain
c.the relative size of lobes of the brain
d.a dominant left hemisphere
15) which of the following statements is not an example of how piaget and other
psychologists have underestimated the speed of cognitive development?
a.by 3 months, infants are more interested in events that do not make sense than in
those that do.
b.object permanence appears earlier in development than previously thought.
c.infants have at least a primitive understanding of the laws of physics.
d.infants tend to go through piagets stages in a highly set rate and order.
16) as discussed in the text, in the fear conditioning of little albert, john b. watson used
the following stimuli:
a.unconditioned stimulusloud sound; conditioned stimulusrat
b.unconditioned stimulusrat; conditioned stimulusloud sound
c.unconditioned stimulusfear; conditioned stimulusrat
d.unconditioned stimulusloud sound; conditioned stimulusfear
17) a(n) _____ is a physiological state that encourages behaviors that correct a
deficiency state, which is called a(n) _____.
a.goal; incentive
b.incentive; goal
c.need; drive
d.drive; need
18) the cluster of anxious personality disorders includes all of the following disorders
except:
a.avoidant
b.paranoid
c.dependent
d.obsessive-compulsive
19) who believed that conditioning processes were the basis for how animals learned to
adapt to their environments?
a.john locke
b.charles darwin
c.ivan pavlov
d.edward thorndike
20) kim has obsessive-compulsive disorder, which is focused on behaviors related to
cleaning and checking. if she takes an antidepressant such as prozac, her _____, an
effect also found with depressed patients.
a.obsessions should decrease
b.compulsions should decrease
c.mood will be more positive
d.mood will be more stable