1) which memory system is most closely related to intelligence test scores?
a.sensory
b.working
c.semantic
d.episodic
2) cesar has done so well in his economics class that he needs to earn only 43 of 100
points on the final exam to receive an a in the class. cesar still studies a lot because he
wants to get an a on the exam. cesars behavior is being motivated by a(n):
a.drive
b.need
c.habit
d.incentive
3) according to your textbook, one of the limitations of piagets analysis of child
development is that it:
a.underestimated the mental capacities of young children
b.placed too much emphasis on social factors in child development
c.stressed the dynamic of accommodation in schema formation at the expense of the
assimilation factor
d.did not emphasize conservation
4) our ability to learn, understand ideas, use knowledge to solve problems, and adapt to
our environments is called:
a.thought
b.intelligence
c.cognition
d.insight
5) itzhak is trying to decide whether to take art history from professor nguyen or from
professor molyneaux. when he looks into the professors past grading distributions, he
discovers that both have given 50 percent as and bs. however, this information is further
broken down: professor nguyen gives 20 percent as, and professor molyneaux gives 30
percent bs. if _____ influences itzhaks reasoning, itzhak will take the class from
professor _____.
a.the framing effect; molyneaux
b.the framing effect; nguyen
c.affective forecasting; molyneaux
d.affective forecasting; nguyen
6) maria isabel always believed she was a kind and good-hearted person. others,
however, perceived her as somewhat cold and aloof. who would give the most accurate
description of these aspects of maria isabels personality?
a.a stranger, who may be more objective than friends and family
b.maria isabel
c.her adult children, who have lived with her for decades
d.her doctor, who knows her medical history quite well
7) positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are similar in that both:
a.produce an increase in the probability of a behavior
b.produce a decrease in the probability of a behavior
c.involve the administration of a stimulus
d.involve the removal of a stimulus
8) white participants in a psychology study were asked to decide, as rapidly as possible,
whether an object that they had been briefly shown was a gun or a tool. before seeing
the picture, they were briefly shown a picture of either a black face or a white face.
when the subjects saw a black face, they:
a.identified the gun more quickly
b.identified the tool more slowly
c.incorrectly identified tools as guns and identified the tool more slowly
d.identified the gun more quickly and incorrectly identified tools as guns
9) a major aspect of depression is persistently negative cognitive attributions about the
self, life, and the future. depression would seem to involve the emotional coping
strategy of:
a.thought suppression
b.cognitive avoidance
c.rumination
d.distraction
10) you are conducting an informal study in which, for a month, you play a particular
song for your best friend right before you serve dinner to her. eventually, you play the
song, and then wait to see how your friend responds. she begins to salivate and says she
has hunger pains. in this scenario, what is the unconditioned stimulus?
a.the song
b.the food
c.the time of day
d.salivation
11) kumar is trying to remember who ran against john f. kennedy in the 1960
presidential election. kumars search for information to answer this question is being
carried out in his:
a.working memory
b.sensory memory
c.short-term memory
d.long-term memory
12) encharta is sitting outside, looking at her beautiful garden. as the sun goes down,
the colors become less bright and finally all become shades of gray. this change
happens because the:
a.amount of photopigment is decreasing
b.amount of photopigment is increasing
c.cones are taking over for the rods
d.rods are taking over for the cones
13) what is the human genome project?
a.an international effort to map the entire structure of the human genome
b.a research project dedicated to human cloning
c.an international investigation into the genetic basis of what it means to be human
d.an effort by the national institutes of health to determine genetic heritability
14) if people in other countries become more like americans in their eating and exercise
habits, one day those countries obesity rates will be close to:
a.10 percent
b.30 percent
c.50 percent
d.70 percent
15) which of the following characteristics is not a basic quality of taste?
a.sweet
b.umami
c.salty
d.sharp
16) the first edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm)
included which of the following?
a.an emphasis on the presumed causes of each of the mental disorders
b.a motive to describe disorders rather than identify their causes
c.biological thinking
d.learning theory
17) using correlational studies, psychologists have studied whether exposure to violence
in the media leads to violent behavior. they have found that participants who have been
exposed to more violence in the media are, in general, more violent. it is not clear from
such research which one causes the other. the problem in interpreting these results
involves:
a.directionality
b.selection bias
c.sampling error
d.confounds
18) breast-feeding a child for more than 6 months leads to _____ intelligence.
a.a 5 to 7 point increase in
b.no change in
c.a social effect on
d.a 2 to 4 point increase in
19) hormones are to _____ as neurotransmitters are to _____.
a.the endocrine system; the nervous system
b.disease; dysfunction
c.outside the skull; inside the skull
d.sex; feelings
20) callie is pregnant. she has never liked vegetables and rarely eats them. however, she
does not want her baby to have the same bad eating habits. if callie wants her baby to
grow up to enjoy the taste of vegetables, the most effective thing she can do is:
a.eat vegetables while she is pregnant and nursing
b.give the baby strained vegetables as one of his or her first solid foods
c.avoid eating meat while she is pregnant and nursing
d.limit the amount of meat the baby is fed when he or she starts to eat solid food