1) which of the following developments was most important in the rise of the cognitive
approach in psychology?
a.the identification of the unconscious
b.the understanding of the effects of reward and punishment on behavior and thinking
c.the emergence of computers
d.the ability to identify different kinds of neurons
2) sarah is a practicing clinical psychologist. she should expect to see:
a.roughly equal numbers of bipolar and depressed clients
b.many more depressed than bipolar clients
c.more females than males with bipolar disorder
d.more males than females who are suffering from depression
3) dialectical behavior therapy:
a.initially showed some promise for treating borderline personality disorder, but has
now been abandoned
b.requires both group sessions and individual therapy, and makes clear the patients
responsibilities for treatment
c.is effective only if combined with antipsychotic drugs
d.is a treatment of last resort because of its cost
4) which of the following actions will not increase the likelihood of a young childs
learning to like an unfamiliar food?
a.initially giving the child small amounts
b.initially sweetening the food
c.initially putting the food inside a familiar food that the child likes
d.having the child watch a family member eating the food
5) there is an area of the hypothalamus that typically differs in size between men and
women. research has found that the size of this area in gay men is comparable to that of
heterosexual women. what is the most reasonable interpretation of this finding?
a.this area of the hypothalamus plays a role in the development of sexual orientation.
b.this area of the hypothalamus develops in response to sexual orientation.
c.this area of the hypothalamus is influenced by the same underlying genetic pattern as
sexual orientation.
d.a causal connection cannot be deduced from this finding.
6) lithium has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder, but
patients frequently refuse to take this drug because it:
a.blunts the euphoria associated with the manic episodes
b.increases suicidal cognitions
c.reduces the frequency of depressive episodes, but sometimes makes them more severe
d.increases sexual motivation to a level that is uncomfortable for most people
7) according to _____ theory, the brain has evolved over millions of years to solve
problems related to survival and reproduction.
a.adaptational
b.evolutionary
c.nature/nurture
d.neurochemical
8) bronwen is a first-year student and wants to meet more people. she attends a meeting
of a campus organization, and then goes to a party in her dorm. she does not meet
anyone she likes at either event and stops searching for new friends. bronwen has the
_____ quality of motivation, but not the _____ quality of motivation.
a.energizing; directive
b.energizing; persistent
c.directive; energizing
d.persistent; energizing
9) according to freud, personality structure consists of the:
a.id
b.ego
c.superego
d.all of the above
10) which of the following actions is an example of prospective memory?
a.learning history dates for your test tomorrow
b.daydreaming about your date next friday night
c.planning to stop for a library book on your way home
d.deciding which of several things you will do this weekend
11) in sexual reproduction, both parents contribute one half of the chromosomes. the
sperm carry:
a.y chromosomes only
b.x chromosomes only
c.x or y chromosomes
d.x and y chromosomes
12) as a research participant, you study this list of words: curtain, book, anger, dirt,
plant, hunger, paper, sadness, sunshine, music, disease, surprise, fired, love, test, pizza,
electricity. when you are later asked to recall the list, which of the following words are
you most likely to have trouble remembering?
a.book
b.pizza
c.music
d.curtain
13) adoption studies are an important tool of behavioral genetics because they:
a.allow us to examine the effects of nonrelated mothering
b.allow us to look at the contributions of environment and genetics on behavior
c.are so rare
d.show that environment overwhelms the effect of genes
14) when george mentions many times that his cousin is a famous basketball star, he is
basking in the glow of reflected glory. this tendency:
a.results in lower self-esteem for those listening to george
b.results in lower self-esteem for george
c.is called social esteem
d.is a self-evaluation maintenance strategy
15) dr. alvarez studies how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in the
brain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis. dr. alvarezs work best
exemplifies the _____ subfield of psychology.
a.cognitive
b.experimental
c.developmental
d.biological
16) which of the following would someone in a hypomanic episode be most likely to
do?
a.engage in a highly creative activity, such as composing or painting
b.spend large amounts of money and not remember doing it
c.carry on a dramatic conversation with him- or herself in public
d.believe that someone from the cia was following him or her
17) stanley milgrams experiment illustrated the phenomenon of:
a.stereotypes
b.obedience
c.resistance
d.none of the above