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The person in the above figure is afflicted with which of the following hormonal disorders? a. acromegaly b. dwarfism c. low levels of rhGH d. parathyroid radiation poisoning e. none of these Which of the following is a character in […]

In rabbits, there are four alleles at the c locus. Arranged in dominance sequence they are: C (agouti), cch(chinchilla), ch(Himalayan), and c (albino) Use the figure above illustrating honeybee dances to answer the following questions. A dance that recruits other […]

A one-way relationship in which one species benefits at the expense of another is a. commensalism. b. competitive exclusion. c. parasitism. d. obligate mutualism. e. a neutral relationship. RNA can be used as a template for the production of DNA […]

The letter “C” in the figure above represents a. root apical meristem. b. dermal tissue. c. vascular tissue. d. ground tissues. e. ground, dermal, and vascular tissues. The life cycle of a zygomycete differs markedly from that of animals because […]

Because of its location in the electron transfer chain, delivery of electrons to each NADH results in ____ ATPs. a. 4 b. 2 c. 3 d. 32 e. 0 Melanin protects the skin from a. desiccation. b. abrasion. c. ultraviolet […]

If a child more strongly resembles one parent’s physical traits than the other parent’s, the explanation could be due to chromosome movements during a. anaphase II. b. metaphase II. c. prophase II. d. anaphase I. e. telophase I. Respond to […]

Answer the following questions in reference to the four “habitat” items listed below. a. habitat fragmentation b. habitat island c. habitat loss d. habitat This action may result in a lack of sufficient resources to sustain the population. From what […]

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed below. a. pituitary b. adrenal c. pancreas d. thyroid e. thymus This gland is the target for corticotropin (ACTH). Genes located in cells in different regions of […]

Respond to the following statements in reference to the four source tissues of plant roots listed below. a. primary meristem b. ground meristem c. pericycle d. vascular cambium This tissue gives rise to protoderm and procambium. Match the following descriptions […]

The second law of thermodynamics states that a. energy can be transformed into matter, and because of this, something is obtained for nothing. b. energy can be destroyed during nuclear reactions such as those that occur inside the sun. c. […]

Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor in species extinction? a. habitat loss b. overharvesting c. habitat fragmentation d. conservation biology e. illegal wildlife trading Use the figure above to answer the following questions. The letter “B” in […]

At what partial pressure of oxygen do half the heme groups in human blood have oxygen bound? a. 30 mm Hg b. 100 mm Hg c. 70 mm Hg d. 104 mm Hg e. all of these The above photomicrograph […]

The figure is a photomicrograph of a. a nucleus. b. a Golgi body. c. endoplasmic reticulum. d. a vacuole. e. a nucleoid. Answer: A The following questions refer to the age structure diagrams above. The age structure diagram for countries […]

The greatest amount of nutrient absorption takes place in the a. stomach. b. small intestine. c. colon. d. pancreas. e. esophagus. The primers in PCR are a. fragments of mRNA. b. designed to base pair with mRNA. c. free nucleotides. […]

Pituitary dwarfism may be due to insufficient production of a. mineralocorticoid. b. glucocorticoid. c. calcitonin. d. GH. e. the parathyroid hormone. Imprinting is a a. response to a stimulus. b. learned behavior that occurs during a critical time period. c. […]

Prokaryotes are the ancestors of a. protists. b. fungi. c. plants. d. animals. e. all of these. The organism in the above photograph has which of the following structural systems? a. cartilaginous b. bone c. hydrostatic d. chitinous e. endoskeletal […]

Fossils include a. skeletons. b. shells. c. seeds. d. tracks. e. all of these. The following questions refer to the figure above. The structures labeled “B” in the figure are a. zygospores. b. haploid spores. c. ascospores. d. gametes. e. […]

Which group is most closely related to fungi? a. radiolarians b. stramenopiles c. alveolates d. choanoflagellates e. oomycotes Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below. a. tundra b. grassland c. desert d. taiga e. […]

Answer the following questions with reference to the bones listed below. a. clavicle b. lumbar vertebra c. tibia d. metatarsal e. metacarpal A ruptured disk is next to this bone. Glycolysis-Glucose Breakdown Starts Which of the following is indicated by […]

bolus Choose the one most appropriate statement for each. a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive surface of the gut b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion c. thin, outermost layer of stomach […]

The primary producers for hydrothermal vent ecosystems are a. chemoautotrophs. b. chemoheterotrophs. c. phytoplankton. d. cyanobacteria. e. algae. The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis a. fix carbon dioxide. b. release oxygen. c. cannot occur in light. d. generate ATP. e. do […]

Birds and crocodiles share which of the following characteristics? a. ectothermy (body temperature regulated by environment) b. body hair c. four-chambered heart d. lung design e. light-weight bones Muscle spindle Even though there may be more than one correct letter […]

Argon has 18 protons. How many electrons are in its third energy level? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8 e. 10 Life probably would never have emerged on Earth if the ancient atmosphere had been the same as […]

Chromatids that are attached at the centromere are called what kind of chromatids? a. Mother b. Daughter c. Sister d. Programmed e. either mother or daughter Within a single motor neuron, the direction an impulse follows is a. dendrite >>> […]

Randomly selecting samples of experimental units from an environment can result in a. sampling error. b. blind testing. c. evidence. d. experimental design. e. consensus. Water is important to the interactions of biological molecules because it a. promotes hydrophobic and […]

Response Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered items, discriminate and “juggle” so that you have the one BEST response for each. a. cells that nurture and support neurons b. a hyperpolarizing event […]

Which of the following is NOT true of chlorofluorocarbons? a. They can destroy ozone. b. They are odorless. c. They are a greenhouse gas d. They break down very slowly. e. Their action is allowing more UV radiation through the […]

Respond to the following statements with reference to the organ systems listed below. a. circulatory b. lymphatic c. digestive d. endocrine e. respiratory Initially encounters airborne pathogens Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the […]

Sequencing of HIV-1 revealed that it is most closely related to which of the following? a. simian immunodeficiency virus b. feline immunodeficiency virus c. bovine immunodeficiency virus d. hepatitis B e. all of these Which of the following statements is […]

2,4-D, a potent eudicot weed killer, is most likely a synthetic a. auxin. b. gibberellin. c. cytokinin. d. phytochrome. e. none of these. The ABO blood types are controlled by a. pleiotropy. b. multiple alleles. c. incomplete dominance. d. codominance. […]

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating the initial steps in the formation of recombinant DNA. The circles in “B” are a. fragments of the main bacterial DNA. b. plasmids. c. cDNA molecules. d. DNA templates. e. none […]

The sex chromosome composition of a person with Turner syndrome is a. XXX. b. XO. c. XXY. d. XYY. e. none of these. The presence of the strongest competitors in the center of a group of animals may qualify the […]

tropical rain forest Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. northern coniferous forest b. increases oceanic productivity c. mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high rainfall d. stratified on rocky coasts e. […]

Which represents the lowest degree of certainty? a. hypothesis b. conclusion c. fact d. principle e. theory Respond to the following statements in reference to the five items listed below. a. antigens b. antibodies c. helper T cells d. cytotoxic […]

Which of the following is the final stage of the prenatal period? a. zygote. b. blastocyst. c. embryo. d. fetus. e. infant. As a result of experimentation, a. more hypotheses may be developed. b. more questions may be asked. c. […]

Choose the one most appropriate response for each. a. contain enzymes for intracellular digestion b. are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled c. package cellular secretions for export d. extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and […]

Respond to the following statements with reference to the four steps of the nitrogen cycles listed below. a. nitrogen fixation b. nitrification c. denitrification d. ammonification The process whereby nitrite is converted to nitrate is an important part of this […]

What feature is common to all the alveolates? a. heterotrophy b. lung-like sacs used for respiration c. bioluminescence d. complex life cycle with two hosts e. membrane-bound sacs beneath the plasma membrane Pheromones a. are signaling molecules. b. are released […]

The archea include which of the following? a. extreme thermophiles b. alga c. protista d. animals e. all of these It is now possible to analyze the genetics of the new generation by a. fetoscopy. b. amniocentesis. c. chorionic villi […]

Microvilli are indicated by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E. hypothalamus Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits calcium release from bone […]

The spindle apparatus is composed of a. Golgi bodies. b. microtubules. c. endoplasmic reticulum. d. nucleoprotein. e. chromatids. According to the above table, the foraging characteristic that would benefit an animal most in a stable ecology would be? a. A […]

A human X-linked gene is a. found only in males. b. more frequently expressed in females. c. found on the Y chromosome. d. transmitted from father to son. e. found on the X chromosome. Which components of an atom have […]

The plant hormone that promotes fruit ripening is a. auxin. b. gibberellin. c. cytokinin. d. abscisic acid. e. ethylene. The first eukaryotic fossils are dated to about a. 3.8 billion years ago. b. 2.1 billion years ago. c. 1.5 billion […]

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating transport in phloem. ____ can indicate a fruit or developing root cells. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E Answer the following questions with reference to the bones […]

The extra-embryonic membrane that forms the majority of the placenta is the a. amnion. b. allantois. c. chorion. d. yolk sac. e. umbilical cord. The sequence of amino acids is the ____ structure of proteins. a. primary b. secondary c. […]

q2 Choose the most appropriate letter for each. a. a reference point that implies stability of gene frequencies through generations b. encompasses all of those actually or potentially interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups c. the […]

The five reactions listed below occur during the noncyclic pathway of ATP formation. Use them to respond to the following statements. a. reduction of NADP+ b. phosphorylation of ADP c. photolysis of water d. oxidation of chlorophyll e. reduction of […]

Which of the following is false regarding age-related macular degeneration? a. It results in progressive destruction of photoreceptors in the fovea and surrounding region. b. It clouds the center of the visual field. c. It has no genetic basis. d. […]

Which of the following areas is still seeing an increase in deforestation? a. North America b. Europe c. China d. Brazil e. None of these. Which of the following is not a property of living things? a. They can change […]

Epigenetic effects are the result of: a. a change in the RNA sequence. b. DNA methylation. c. RNA methylation. d. a change in the DNA sequence. e. all of these option. Which of the following is NOT true of xylem? […]

The most likely reason that glucose dissolves in water is that it is a. an ionic compound. b. a polysaccharide. c. polar and forms many hydrogen bonds with the water molecules. d. a very unstable molecule. e. highly nonpolar. Settlers […]

The only group of fungi to have a flagellated stage are the a. Chytrids. b. Ascomycetes. c. Basidiomycetes. d. Glomeromycetes. e. Zygomycetes. What is an acceptable probability of sampling error that may have skewed the results in most scientific studies? […]

If the DNA nucleotides read ATG-CGT-GAC, the amino acid sequence of the resulting polypeptide would be a. tyrosine – alanine – leucine. b. methionine – arginine – asparagines. c. histidine – glycine – praline. d. serine – lysine – glycine. […]

Which of the following statements is false? a. Ovulation occurs when the follicle ruptures and releases an egg. b. The zygote divides by mitosis during cleavage. c. Fertilization occurs in the upper regions of the oviduct. d. The blastocyst implants […]

Which of the following is not largely secreted by the gonads? a. estrogen. b. testosterone. c. progesterone. d. all of these. e. none of these. Which of the following is not a likely outcome of global warming? a. Extinction of […]

conservation biology Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. a reduction in suitable places to live b. organisms that give an “early warning” signal of changes in biodiversity c. new method of harvesting trees to preserve diversity d. […]

Cerebellum Choose the most appropriate answer. a. integrates body position, motions, balance b. in cnidarians; based on reflex pathways devoted to swimming and feeding c. messages from here arouse the brain and maintain wakefulness d. the cortical region that coordinates […]

Detritivores are a. bacteria. b. plants. c. fungi. d. animals. e. both bacteria and fungi. Some of the stages of meiosis are listed below. For the following statements, select the best choice of these stages. a. prophase I b. metaphase […]

Fats are major constituents of a. proteins. b. genes. c. photosynthesis. d. cell membranes. e. all of these. Darwin Select the most appropriate choice for each person. a. wrote Principles of Geology b. developed the theory of catastrophism c. believed […]

Which of the following do not depend directly on sunlight for energy? I. terrestrial producers II. animal consumers III. decomposers a. I only b. II and III only c. II only d. III only e. I and III Which of […]

Which of the following is found in cocoa? a. Epicatechin. b. Caffeine. c. Resveratrol. d. Curcumin. e. Nicotine. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of sensation? a. Some sensory receptors are activated only by chemicals. b. Nerve impulses mediating […]

The following are types of chemical bonds. Answer the questions below by matching the descriptions with the most appropriate bond type. a. hydrogen b. ionic c. covalent d. polar covalent e. double bond the bond type holding several molecules of […]

Which of the following statements is true of metabolic pathways? a. They are enzyme-mediated sequences of reactions. b. They may be biosynthetic or degradative. c. Photosynthesis is a biosynthetic pathway. d. Catabolism is a degradative pathway. e. All of these […]

The nuclear membrane re-forms during a. anaphase. b. metaphase. c. interphase. d. prophase. e. telophase. In comparing mitosis and meiosis, which of the following statements is true? a. Meiosis I is more like mitosis than is meiosis II. b. Both […]

Uracil will pair with a. ribose. b. adenine. c. cytosine. d. thymine. e. guanine. When a cell undergoes mitosis, a. the daughter cells have identical genes. b. the daughter cell has genes identical to those of the mother cell that […]

Radioactive isotopes have a. excess electrons. b. excess protons. c. excess neutrons. d. insufficient neutrons. e. insufficient protons. Electron transfer phosphorylation Select the one most appropriate choice for each. a. produces NADH and CO2; pyruvate oxidized b. produces ATP, NADH, […]

Plants cannot ____ in the dark. a. grow b. respire c. move d. utilize chlorophyll e. sense light Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond. a. Observation b. Question c. Hypothesis d. Prediction e. Observational […]

Which of the following statements is false? a. The greatest amount of photosynthesis takes place in the palisade mesophyll. b. There are more stomata on the upper epidermis of most leaves than on the lower epidermis. c. The palisade mesophyll […]

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five stages or structures involved in the development of the human egg. a. oogonium b. primary oocyte c. secondary oocyte d. polar body e. corpus luteum This structure becomes the mature […]

Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below. a. Bacteria b. Protista c. Plantae d. Fungi e. Animalia prokaryotic Which event occurs during the elongation stage? a. Peptide bonds form. b. Free amino acids bind to the […]

The following nutrient most associated with eutrophication is: a. iron. b. hydrogen. c. oxygen. d. carbon. e. phosphate. vascular cambium Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than once, and a term may have […]

Which of the following are considered more primitive based upon the structure of their limbs? a. bats b. reptiles c. porpoises d. penguins e. birds The cell walls of fungi are composed mainly of a. cellulose. b. lignin. c. chitin. […]

Hominins Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. a group that includes apes and humans b. a population of Homo spp. that lived from at least 100,000 to as recently as 30,000 years ago; tool users and artisans […]

Triploidy Choose the most appropriate answer for each. a. 3n; generally sterile b. a chromosome segment is permanently transferred to a nonhomologous chromosome c. (2n  1); a zygote deprived of a chromosome d. a repeat of a particular DNA […]

hammer Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear b. contains the organ of Corti c. separates the outer and middle ears d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear e. consists of […]

The woman in the above photograph has been afflicted by a. low iodine in the diet. b. hypothyroidism. c. vitamin D deficiency. d. testosterone excess. e. progesterone deficiency. A molecule is a. a combination of two or more atoms. b. […]

Algal blooms deplete the water of a. oxygen. b. carbon dioxide. c. nitrogen. d. phosphorus. e. calcium. Respond to the following statements in reference to the five stages or structures involved in the development of the human egg. a. oogonium […]

Which of the following is mismatched? a. acetylcholine; muscle contraction b. endorphin; pain perception c. norepinephrine; fight-or-flight response d. serotonin; sexual function e. GABA; major inhibitor in the brain The relationship above is a. a parasitic association. b. predation. c. […]

Choose the one most appropriate response for each. a. contain enzymes for intracellular digestion b. are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled c. package cellular secretions for export d. extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and […]

Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant tissues listed below. a. protoderm b. ground meristem c. procambium d. vascular cambium e. cork cambium This tissue gives rise to primary vascular tissue. Select the best choice for […]

Ethylene Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Some letters may not be used. a. flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth b. promotes cell elongation in stems c. has receptor sites for a particular […]

Archaeans are similar to bacteria in all of the following ways EXCEPT a. size. b. shape. c. plasma membrane composition. d. absence of a nucleus. e. mode of cellular division. Most of the carbon now present in the earth’s atmosphere […]

The following questions refer to the figure above illustrating logistic growth. The initial carrying capacity of an environment is indicated by a. A. b. B. c. C. d. D. e. E. The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. […]

Friedrich Miescher is credited with a. proposing DNA as the hereditary material. b. determining that proteins are the physical basis of inheritance. c. defining the laws of inheritance. d. discovering DNA. e. determining that proteins are composed of unlimited combinations […]