q2
Choose the most appropriate letter for each.
a. a reference point that implies stability of gene frequencies through generations
b. encompasses all of those actually or potentially interbreeding populations that are
reproductively isolated from other such groups
c. the genes of an entire population
d. the frequency of homozygous dominants in a population
e. the frequencies of dominant and recessive alleles in a population
f. the frequency of heterozygotes in a population
g. the frequency of homozygous recessives in a population
h. heterozygote advantage in regions where malaria is found
i. pesticide-resistant pests
The subunit of a kidney that purifies blood and restores solute and water balance is the
a. glomerulus.
b. loop of Henle.
c. nephron.
d. ureter.
e. peritubular capillary.
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms listed below,
which are used by ecologists.
a. carrying capacity
b. net reproduction per individual per unit time
c. age structure
d. survivorship
e. growth rate
This is the birth rate minus the death rate times the population size assuming balanced
immigration and emigration.
Scientists began to question the perfection of the Chain of Being because of
a. the discovery of new organisms in new parts of the world.
b. the presence of body parts with no apparent function in some organisms.
c. the existence of fossil forms.
d. similarities in the structures found in different forms of life.
e. all of these.
Fire in the dry shrublands does not kill the small bushy plants most probably because
a. these plants have a tough protective bark.
b. their leaves are very heavy and wet.
c. they can resprout from roots.
d. the Forest Service puts the fires out quickly.
e. the fires burn the taller plants and burn out before reaching ground level.
The large, ancient land mass that contained all the continents is called
a. Laurasia.
b. Pangea.
c. Gondwana.
d. Atlantis.
e. Europa.
Skill memories
a. are created when one consciously repeats an activity many times.
b. involve the amygdala.
c. involve the hippocampus.
d. involve the corpus striatum.
e. are created when one consciously repeats an activity many times and involve the
cerebellum.
An animal with bilateral symmetry
a. has left and right sides.
b. usually displays cephalization.
c. produces mirror images regardless of the number of “cuts” through the central axis.
d. has left and right sides and usually displays cephalization.
e. has left and right sides, usually displays cephalization, and produces mirror images
regardless of the number of “cuts” through the central axis.
Choose the proper item below for the following statements.
a. operon
b. operator
c. promoter
d. lactose
e. regulator gene
This item codes for the production of a repressor.
Which of the following statements about digestion in ruminants is false?
a. Ruminant animals have symbiotic bacteria to aid in the digestion of their food.
b. Food materials are re-chewed.
c. Chewing results in mechanically breaking down food and exposing more cellulose to
digestive enzymes.
d. Ruminants have a smaller range of foods in their diet than do humans.
e. Pronghorn antelopes and other herbivores have a single but disproportionately large
stomach.
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed
below.
a. producer
b. primary consumer
c. secondary consumer
d. tertiary consumer
e. decomposer
A Venus flytrap devouring an insect to obtain nitrogen functions as this.
The process that normally exerts the greatest control over the water balance of an
individual is
a. sweating.
b. elimination in feces.
c. kidney function.
d. evaporation through the skin.
e. respiratory loss.
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. rate of forward reaction about equals rate of reverse reaction
b. coenzyme that diffuses freely through the cytoplasm
c. attachment of a phosphate group by a high-energy bond
d. an excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the
pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway
e. part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
f. by binding a regulatory molecule, it changes the activity of a metabolic pathway
g. affects rates of chemical reactions
h. universal energy currency
i. assists in the detoxification of ethanol
j. a measure of the degree of energy change after a concentrated form of energy has
been dispersed
NADP+
The earliest known organism capable of sexual reproduction is a type of
a. virus.
b. bacterium.
c. alga.
d. animal-like protist.
e. fungus.
Which of the following has the greatest total energy?
a. cAMP
b. ADP
c. ATP
d. glucose
e. NADPH
Ferns
Choose the most appropriate response.
a. have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b. one cotyledon
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e. only one species left
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm
trees
h. two cotyledons
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors
The figure above illustrates one possible ____ structure of ____.
a. primary; proteins
b. primary; carbohydrates
c. primary; lipids
d. secondary; proteins
e. tertiary; proteins
Erwin Chargaff’s data indicates that within a species the amount of adenine is always
equal to the amount of this.
Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below:
a. guanine
b. cytosine
c. pyrimidine
d. thymine
e. uracil
DNA contains all of the following nitrogen-containing bases EXCEPT
a. adenine.
b. uracil.
c. guanine.
d. adenine.
e. thymine.
An extant organism is found to be almost unchanged from its 200 million year old
fossil. This is an example of:
a. stasis.
b. coevolution.
c. mass extinction.
d. adaptive radiation.
e. none of these.
What is not a feature of humans that differentiates us from apes?
a. Bipedalism.
b. Precision grip.
c. Larger brain.
d. Little body hair.
e. All of these.
A tissue consists of interacting cells and
a. blood cells.
b. pigmented skin cells.
c. extracellular substances.
d. nerve cells.
e. none of these.
parathyroid gland
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits
calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments
in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
There is NO convincing fossil evidence for which of the following?
a. evolution
b. extinction
c. change
d. catastrophism
e. uniformitarianism
How many single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in humans?
a. 10s
b. 100s
c. 1000s
d. 100 000s
e. 1 000 000s
Which is the smallest unit of life that can exist as a separate entity?
a. a cell
b. a molecule
c. an organ
d. a population
e. an ecosystem
There are nine coat colors known in foxes. If a red fox were crossed with a
double-black fox, all the hybrids would be red above and black below in a pattern
known as blended cross. If two blended crosses were mated, the F2 ratio would be as
follows: 1 red, 2 smoky red, 2 cross red, 4 blended cross, 1 standard silver, 2
substandard silver, 1 Alaskan silver, 2 sub-Alaskan silver, and 1 double black.
(a) Using the letters A/a and B/b to serve as the genes for these animals, develop a
genotype for each variety listed.
(b) Two crosses will produce all blended-cross offspring. One is used above fired fox x
double black); what is the other?
(c) List the genotype and phenotype of all the pure-breeding foxes.
(d) Give the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of a cross between two substandard silvers.
(e) Give the genotype and phenotype of the offspring produced in a cross of a
sub-Alaskan silver and a cross red.
Which of the following terms best describes the role of certain metal ions and
coenzymes in metabolic processes?
a. reactants
b. intermediates
c. cofactors
d. products
e. catalysts
Which theory of water transport states that hydrogen bonding allows water molecules to
maintain a continuous fluid column as water is pulled from roots to leaves?
a. pressure flow
b. evaporation-condensation
c. cohesion-tension
d. osmotic pressure
e. bulk flow
The parietal lobe is responsible for:
a. vision.
b. visceral sensation.
c. hearing.
d. generating a motor response.
e. inhibiting unsuitable behaviors.
Which of the following statements concerning fertilization in ferns is true?
a. It occurs outside the egg-producing structure.
b. It requires water.
c. The fertilization product is haploid.
d. A spore is the product of fertilization.
e. None of these are true.
The following are basic building blocks of biopolymers. Match the building blocks with
the statements below.
a. amino acid
b. glucose
c. glycerol
d. fatty acid
e. nucleotide
The basic unit of glycogen
Aerobic respiration evolved in
a. some bacteria.
b. some archea.
c. animals.
d. mitochondria.
e. in some bacteria and some archea.
Adipose tissue
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a. ligaments and tendons are made of this
b. contains collagen and elastin; acts as a packing material that supports internal organs
c. receives, conducts, and initiates signals in response to environmental changes
d. stores fat
e. offers resistance to mechanical injury and loss of internal fluids; also a barrier against
microorganisms
f. secretes extracellular products such as sweat, mucus, tears, and saliva
g. fluid ground substance plus free cells; involved in transport, pH, and temperature
stability
h. extracellular fluid that bathes cells and tissues