A human X-linked gene is
a. found only in males.
b. more frequently expressed in females.
c. found on the Y chromosome.
d. transmitted from father to son.
e. found on the X chromosome.
Which components of an atom have negative charges?
I. electrons
II. protons
III. neutrons
a. I only
b. II only
c. III only
d. I and II
e. II and III
Birds are thought to have evolved from dinosaurs. In considering birds and comparing
them to dinosaurs, which of the following would be a derived trait?
a. feathers
b. legs
c. eyes
d. toothlessness
e. bones
Centromere
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a. cytoplasm apportioned between the two daughter cells
b. final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c. two sister chromatids are joined here
d. chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e. chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f. sister chromatids separate, move to opposite spindle poles
g. about 25 nm in diameter; form mitotic spindle
h. half of a chromosome in prophase
i. in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
Which of the following does not stimulate the production of males in water fleas?
a. spring.
b. warm water.
c. salty water.
d. high competition for resources.
e. crowding.
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five plant micronutrients
listed below.
a.iron
b.boron
c.manganese
d.zinc
e.copper
This nutrient is a component of many proteins, including auxin receptors.
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four regions of a nephron listed
below.
a. Bowman’s capsule
b. proximal tubule
c. descending portion of loop of Henle
d. distal tubule
This region of the tubule is impermeable to sodium exit.
cholecystokinin
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive
surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
Land vertebrates evolved which of the following to help maintain water balance?
a. circulatory system
b. thyroid
c. kidneys
d. liver
e. none of these
The above figure represents
a. petunia eggs.
b. pine pollen.
c. pansy spores.
d. petal fragments.
e. poppy seeds.
Blanks “A” and “B” should be labeled respectively
a. does not drink; loss
b. does not drink; gain
c. drinks; loss
d. drinks; gain
e. none of these
Which of the following is NOT a form of passive transport?
a. osmosis
b. facilitated diffusion
c. simple diffusion
d. exocytosis
e. none of these
natural killer cells
Match each term with the most appropriate statement.
a. cells that do not divide, die in less than a week, and secrete antibodies
b. cells that directly destroy body cells already infected by viral or fungal parasites, as
well as mutant and cancerous cells
c. lymphocytes that are held in reserve, circulate in the bloodstream, and enable a rapid
response to subsequent encounters with the same invader
d. able to lyse cells by forming pore complexes
e. cells that are produced in the bone marrow, are never changed by the thymus, and
manufacture antibodies
f. able to destroy cells but not dependent on recognition of antigen-MHC complexes
g. a class of proteins that help cells of the immune system communicate
h. “big eaters” that alert other lymphocytes to the invasion of specific antigens
i. immature cells that may or may not be committed to develop into one of several
mature cell types
j. a group of cells that are all produced asexually from one original parent cell
k. surface patterns of nonself molecules or particles
l. proteins released by cytotoxic T cells to destroy target cell membranes
m. preparation injected into the body to elicit a primary immune response
n. one of this group has been identified as the causative agent of AIDS
Target cell
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b. promotes cell elongation in stems
c. has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d. a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e. blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f. low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g. stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h. stimulates fruit ripening
i. reproduces in spring
j. produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers
the second year
k. occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l. flowers in autumn
m. a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n. lives for only one growing season
o. promotes stem elongation in plants
p. pigment involved in flowering process
Compared to modern humans, Neanderthals were:
a. skinnier.
b. shorter.
c. more numerous.
d. more widely dispersed.
e. small brained.
A hydrolysis reaction results in
a. formation of a macromolecule.
b. bond breakage of a macromolecule.
c. lipid molecule creation.
d. nucleic acids being made.
e. most macromolecules.
If one chain of a DNA molecule has a purine at a given position, this complements it on
the other chain.
Answer the following questions in reference to the five nucleotides listed below:
a. guanine
b. cytosine
c. pyrimidine
d. thymine
e. uracil
Answer the following questions in reference to the five eye structures listed below.
a. cornea
b. lens
c. retina
d. ommatidium
e. vitreous body
This structure contains rods and cones in vertebrates.
pituitary
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits
calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments
in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
The movement of both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body is accomplished by
a. exocytosis and endocytosis.
b. facilitated diffusion.
c. osmosis.
d. simple diffusion.
e. active transport.
Cross-breeding produced featherless chickens for which of the following purposes?
a. to make it easier to process after slaughter
b. to prevent a feather infecting disease
c. to be more resistant to high temperatures in the desert
d. to improve breeding efficiency
e. to do all of these
bile
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b. glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c. made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d. made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e. made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f. made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g. contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h. made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i. stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j. circular muscle acts like valve
Which of the following statements is false?
a. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS.
b. The AIDS virus is a retrovirus.
c. The AIDS virus attacks macrophages, dendritic cells, and helper T cells.
d. HIV has several target cells
e. IgA antibodies can keep HIV levels low for decades.
Lichens are symbiotic relationships established between
a. a club fungus and a green alga.
b. a club fungus and a cyanobacterium.
c. sac fungi and green algae.
d. sac fungi and cyanobacteria.
e. sac fungi and green algae or cyanobacteria.
Cytokinesis
Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a. cytoplasm apportioned between the two daughter cells
b. final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei re-form
c. two sister chromatids are joined here
d. chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle begins to form
e. chromosomes line up at spindle equator
f. sister chromatids separate, move to opposite spindle poles
g. about 25 nm in diameter; form mitotic spindle
h. half of a chromosome in prophase
i. in pairs in some eukaryotic cells; move to poles during spindle formation
Social behavior depends on
a. genetic similarity.
b. bonding early in youth.
c. communication.
d. diversity.
e. polymorphism.
The distribution of strawberry plants in a strawberry field is
a. clumped.
b. random.
c. uniform.
d. constant.
e. homogeneous.
imprinting
Choose the one most appropriate response for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. studied nest decorating behavior in birds
b. imprinting in goslings
c. capacity of an animal to complete complex, stereotyped responses to first-time
encounters with key stimuli
d. problem solving without trial-and-error
e. behavior is modified by experience
f. voluntary behavior is modified in response to consequences of that behavior
g. communal display ground
h. occurs during a sensitive period in which a following response or social attachment
becomes fixed on a particular moving object
i. self-sacrificing behavior
Today the term “algae” is used primarily for organisms in the group(s)
a. bacteria.
b. protista.
c. plantae.
d. bacteria and protista only.
e. bacteria, protista, and plantae.
Homo sapiens
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. lived from approximately 200,000 to 30,000 years ago; stocky body adapted to colder
climates
b. lived about 1.9 million years ago until 53,000 years ago; cranial capacity
approximately 1,000 cubic centimeters; bipedal
c. lived about 30 million years ago near Fayum
d. modern humans since 195,000 years ago
e. Lucy; lived about 3.2 million years ago
To answer the following questions refer to the five items listed below:
a. restriction enzymes
b. recombinants
c. plasmids
d. clones
e. restriction sites
The pieces of DNA that are moved by a genetic engineer from one organism to another
are first incorporated into these.
__________, or four-legged walkers, evolved from lobe-finned bony fishes.
In __________ one cell from an adult is fused with an enucleated egg.
Hemophilia is caused by an X-linked recessive gene. A normal woman whose father
had hemophilia marries a normal man. What are the chances of hemophilia in their
children?
diaphragm
__________ increase the free surface area of epithelia that absorb substances.
Labeling.
Anther
Heritable units of information about traits are called __________.
Respiration is a physiological process by which O2 enters the internal environment and
CO2 leaves by diffusing across a __________.
__________ cause habitat loss, degradation of habitat, and habitat fragmentation, all of
which can endanger the __________ species.
Labeling.
is where tropomyosin is located.
Labeling.
Sweat gland
Why is the clade in which derived traits evolve the minimum number of times favored?
Labeling.
pancreas
Low-growing, hardy plants of the __________ occur at high latitudes, where there is a
layer of __________. At high altitudes, similar plants grow as __________.
__________, the first vertebrates able to complete their life cycle on dry land, have
water conserving skin and kidneys, and amniote eggs.
__________ is mostly water in which diverse ions and molecules are dissolved.
With __________, an animal stops responding to an ongoing stimulus.
nuclear envelope