Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed
below.
a. pituitary
b. adrenal
c. pancreas
d. thyroid
e. thymus
This gland is the target for corticotropin (ACTH).
Genes located in cells in different regions of the body during embryonic development
may
a. be turned on and off.
b. never be turned on.
c. be turned on and left on.
d. be activated for only a short time in one cell and a long time in another cell.
e. do all of these.
A houseplant placed in a window grows toward the source of light because auxin
a. becomes more concentrated on the illuminated side of the plant.
b. becomes more concentrated in the roots of the plant.
c. becomes more concentrated on the nonilluminated side of the plant.
d. inhibits the growth of cells on the shady side, so the cells on the sunny side grow
faster.
e. does none of these.
Meninges
Choose the most appropriate answer.
a. integrates body position, motions, balance
b. in cnidarians; based on reflex pathways devoted to swimming and feeding
c. messages from here arouse the brain and maintain wakefulness
d. the cortical region that coordinates muscles required for speech
e. all parts of nerve cells outside the brain and spinal cord
f. acetylcholine is an example
g. reflex control center for breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure
h. axons of the central nervous system that are sheathed with fatty myelin
i. at top of the brainstem bordering the cerebral hemispheres; influences learning and
emotional behavior
j. motor neurons that are divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
k. membrane coverings over brain spinal cord
l. contains the tectum; receives and integrates sensory information that is largely sent on
to the forebrain for further neural processing
m. connects right and left cerebral hemispheres
n. group of nerve cell bodies that form an integrative center
o. contains centers concerned with body temperature regulation and with salt and water
balance
In some cases, inhibitors or activators of enzyme-catalyzed reactions act by
a. binding to the substrates.
b. affecting the supply of ATP.
c. reversibly binding to an enzyme’s allosteric site.
d. reducing or increasing the concentration of enzymes.
e. binding to the products.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of sexual reproduction?
a. It offers an alternative adaptation in a changing environment.
b. It is adaptive in coevolution situations.
c. Half of a parent’s genome is passed on.
d. The genetic variation it provides may be useful in the future.
e. It yields offspring with novel combinations of traits.
ovulation
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. the production and secretion of milk
b. sloughing off of endometrium stops permanently
c. induced dislodging and removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus
d. an abortion that occurs spontaneously
e. the burrowing of the blastocyst into the uterine lining
f. the release of an egg from the ovary
g. the release of seminal fluid from the male reproductive tract
h. a 100-percent-effective method of preventing conception
i. a highly unreliable form of birth control
j. the periodic elimination of the uterine lining
k. characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, release of tension, and warmth
l. sexual intercourse
m. sperm and egg cannot meet because a section of oviduct is missing
n. cutting and tying of vasa deferentia
Down syndrome involves trisomy
a. 3.
b. 5.
c. 15.
d. 19.
e. 21.
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. rate of forward reaction about equals rate of reverse reaction
b. coenzyme that diffuses freely through the cytoplasm
c. attachment of a phosphate group by a high-energy bond
d. an excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the
pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway
e. part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
f. by binding a regulatory molecule, it changes the activity of a metabolic pathway
g. affects rates of chemical reactions
h. universal energy currency
i. assists in the detoxification of ethanol
j. a measure of the degree of energy change after a concentrated form of energy has
been dispersed
phosphorylation
Santhi Soundarajan won a silver medal in the 2006 Pan Asian Games. Why did she later
have her metals recalled?
a. She was a cross-dresser who pretended to be female.
b. She was a female who had a Y chromosome without knowing about the genetic
condition.
c. She used performance enhancing drugs that altered her genetic structure.
d. She was genetically altered at birth to create a faster runner.
e. Her government gave her a sex change in order to hide the fact that she was really a
male.
Which of the following is one of the two main functions of the nuclear envelope?
a. provides residence for ribosomes
b. allows separation of DNA from cytoplasm machinery
c. provides total isolation of nuclear components
d. enables faster cell division
e. enables larger cell size
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. gives rise to periderm
b. nucleate phloem cells that help load and unload the phloem
c. dead cells with perforation plates; more efficient at water conduction than other
xylem cells
d. living nonnucleated cells that conduct food from photosynthetic source area to
storage sink area
e. a cylinder of parenchyma cells outside the vascular tissue but inside the endodermis
f. clusters of strands containing xylem, phloem, and vascular cambium
g. dead cells without perforation plates; the principal xylem cells of nonflowering
vascular plants
h. cells with thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin that are especially abundant
in some fruits and seeds
i. the principal photosynthetic region of a leaf
j. regions that can undergo mitosis
k. gas exchange and storage plus photosynthesis
Spongy mesophyll
Which of the following is an intracellular parasite that causes sexually transmitted
disease?
a. Chlamydia
b. Cyanobacteria
c. Clostridium
d. Chondromyces
e. all of these
Which of the following is not a secondary sexual trait?
a. rounded hips in females.
b. deep voice in males.
c. facial hair in males.
d. rounded breasts in female.
e. testes in males.
Respond to the following statements with reference to the four glands or structures of
the mammalian gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a. salivary glands
b. stomach mucosa
c. intestinal mucosa
d. pancreas
The peptide-digesting enzyme, aminopeptidase, is produced there.
The Casparian strip is associated with the
a. epidermis.
b. vascular tissue.
c. cortex.
d. root hairs.
e. endodermis.
Chromosome segregation in metaphase I refers to which of the following statements?
a. The position where crossing over occurs is random.
b. The pole that any one chromosome moves toward is completely independent of the
movement of the other 45 chromosomes in humans.
c. Either partner of a homologous pair of chromosomes may end up at either spindle
pole.
d. The sperm that fertilizes the egg is selected at random.
e. None of these refer to independent assortment.
Cholesterol
a. has a rigid backbone of four carbon rings.
b. is the most common steroid in animal tissue.
c. is a lipid without a fatty-acid component.
d. is needed to produce sexual development and maturity.
e. is all of these.
In the chemical shorthand 14C, the 14 represents the number of
a. excess neutrons.
b. protons plus neutrons.
c. electrons.
d. protons plus electrons.
e. radioactive particles.
Researchers attempt to explain the persistence of altruism by the theory of
a. self-sacrificing behavior.
b. dominance hierarchy.
c. social behavior.
d. inclusive fitness.
e. sexual selection.
Which of the following is the sister group to human?
a. earthworm
b. lizard
c. tuna
d. mouse
e. none of these
Which of the following is NOT true concerning nectar? It is
a. sucrose-rich.
b. a dilute fluid.
c. the only food for most butterflies.
d. rich in vitamins and minerals.
e. easy for pollinators to sip.
All but which of the following are true about cone snail venom?
a. They are potential sources of new drugs of medical interest.
b. They are made by snails inhabiting the South Pacific Ocean.
c. The venom immobilizes the cone snail’s prey.
d. They are lethal to cone snail prey.
e. All of these are true.
Humans
Choose the one most appropriate letter for each.
a. cartilaginous skeleton; jaws
b. reptile with four-chambered heart
c. placental mammal
d. legless amphibian
e. invertebrate chordate; no metamorphosis
f. endotherm with feathers
g. limbless reptile
h. most primitive fishes with jaws; extinct
i. modern-day parasitic jawless vertebrate
j. marsupial
k. adult is called ‘sea squirt”
l. egg-laying mammal
m. swim bladder for buoyancy
n. may be sexually mature in larval form
The integumentary system functions in
a. ion transport.
b. support.
c. covering.
d. contraction.
e. resistance.
Nerve impulses coming into the spinal cord enter via
a. intervertebral disks.
b. neuroglia.
c. the dorsal roots.
d. Broca’s area.
e. ventral roots.
The letter “D” in the above figure represents which teeth?
a. incisors
b. molars
c. canines
d. premolars
e. none of these
The above organism is responsible for fish kills and belongs to which of the following
groups?
a. chrysophytes
b. dinoflagellates
c. flagellated protozoans
d. ciliates
e. oomycotes
chyme
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive
surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
The bones in the forelimbs of a mammal
a. can often be traced to a common ancestor.
b. offer no evidence to support the theory of evolution.
c. perform the same function no matter which species they are in.
d. may exhibit either analogy or homology but not both when compared to the forelimb
of another animal.
e. show convergence with some invertebrate structures.
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five trophic categories listed
below.
a. producer
b. primary consumer
c. secondary consumer
d. tertiary consumer
e. decomposer
A bear eating blueberries is functioning as this.
epiglottis
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b. surrounds each lung
c. oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d. contains two true vocal cords
e. alter chest cavity volume
f. part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g. throat passage behind the mouth
h. inhalation and exhalation
i. connect trachea to lungs
j. flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the
larynx during swallowing
k. contraction increases thoracic volume
l. microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium