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The five reactions listed below occur during the noncyclic pathway of ATP formation.
Use them to respond to the following statements.
a. reduction of NADP+
b. phosphorylation of ADP
c. photolysis of water
d. oxidation of chlorophyll
e. reduction of chlorophyll
High-energy phosphate bonds are formed during this process.
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five terms below.
a. somites
b. blastomeres
c. ectoderm
d. mesoderm
e. endoderm
It forms between the other two primary tissue layers.
Which cell does NOT belong with the others?
a. erythrocytes
b. neutrophils
c. lymphocytes
d. eosinophils
e. macrophages
parenchyma
Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than
once, and a term may have more than one letter.
a. tissue that is part of the ground system
b. tissue that is part of the vascular system
c. tissue that is part of the dermal system
d. develops into the vascular cambium
e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category
f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem
g. meristematic tissue
h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem
i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves
j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth
k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts
into the xylem pipeline
l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of
the leaf
m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems
n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles
Which of the following is NOT a feature of New World Monkeys?
a. Flat face.
b. No opposable thumb.
c. Widely spaced nostrils.
d. Prehensile tail.
e. All of these.
Cellulose is
a. a polysaccharide found in cell walls of plants.
b. a component of cell membranes.
c. an oligosaccharide.
d. formed by hydrolysis of monosaccharides.
e. a component of invertebrate exoskeletons.
If the frequency of expression of a recessive trait in a population is 16 percent, the
frequency of the recessive allele is what percent?
a. 16
b. 25
c. 40
d. 50
e. 67
Match the cause with the disorder.
a. autosomal recessive inheritance; lactose metabolism is blocked
b. nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair
c. X-linked recessive inheritance
d. nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes
Down syndrome
During the termination stage
a. a STOP codon enters the ribosome.
b. release factors bind the ribosome.
c. mRNA detaches from the ribosome and the polypeptide chain.
d. ribosomal subunits separate.
e. all of these occur.
benthic province
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. northern coniferous forest
b. increases oceanic productivity
c. mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high
rainfall
d. stratified on rocky coasts
e. includes sediments and rocks on the ocean bottom
f. stratified communities with vines, orchids, and monkeys, and nutrient-poor soil
g. chemoautotrophs are the primary producers
h. dwarf willows, mosses, lichens, caribou, and permafrost
i. nurseries of the oceans
j. a large region characterized by its large array of dominant primary producers
Restriction enzymes
a. work at recognition sites.
b. function only at 'sticky ends."
c. produce uniform lengths of DNA.
d. function in viruses.
e. are produced by viruses to break down bacterial DNA.
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five kinds of species
interactions listed below.
a. competition
b. predation
c. mutualism
d. commensalism
e. parasitism
In this interaction, one species is harmed but usually not killed, to the benefit of the
other that lives on or in it.
Which statement concerning radioisotope 14C is false?
a. It can be substituted for 12C in glucose and the body will still be able to use the
compound.
b. It has a different number of protons than 12C.
c. It has more neutrons than 12C.
d. It behaves the same chemically as 12C.
e. It has six carbons and eight neutrons.
All crocodilians
a. live in or near water.
b. are predators with sharp teeth.
c. have a four-chambered heart.
d. have powerful jaws.
e. fit all of these descriptions.
antigens
Match each term with the most appropriate statement.
a. cells that do not divide, die in less than a week, and secrete antibodies
b. cells that directly destroy body cells already infected by viral or fungal parasites, as
well as mutant and cancerous cells
c. lymphocytes that are held in reserve, circulate in the bloodstream, and enable a rapid
response to subsequent encounters with the same invader
d. able to lyse cells by forming pore complexes
e. cells that are produced in the bone marrow, are never changed by the thymus, and
manufacture antibodies
f. able to destroy cells but not dependent on recognition of antigen-MHC complexes
g. a class of proteins that help cells of the immune system communicate
h. "big eaters" that alert other lymphocytes to the invasion of specific antigens
i. immature cells that may or may not be committed to develop into one of several
mature cell types
j. a group of cells that are all produced asexually from one original parent cell
k. surface patterns of nonself molecules or particles
l. proteins released by cytotoxic T cells to destroy target cell membranes
m. preparation injected into the body to elicit a primary immune response
n. one of this group has been identified as the causative agent of AIDS
A population of wolf spiders exemplifies a ____ population distribution.
a. clumped
b. random
c. uniform
d. constant
e. homogeneous
The letter "A" in the above figure is
a. the epidermis.
b. the sweat gland.
c. the dermis.
d. the hypodermis.
e. none of the above.
Yarrow will not alter its phenotype in response to:
a. temperature.
b. soil conditions.
c. being produced by sexual versus asexual reproduction.
d. water conditions.
e. changing altitude.
The fossil record is incomplete because
a. very few organisms were preserved as fossils.
b. organisms tend to decay before becoming a fossil.
c. animals with hard parts are preserved more easily.
d. geologic processes may destroy fossils.
e. all of these are true.
Vegetative propagation means that
a. part of a leaf, a stem, or a root, when torn away from the parent plant and planted
under proper conditions, can develop into a new plant.
b. a plant cannot reproduce by forming flowers, fruits, and seeds.
c. the leafy part of the gametophyte can grow into a new plant if planted.
d. flowers and fruits from one plant can be grafted onto another closely related plant to
produce hybrids.
e. all of these descriptions fit.
In an experiment, the control group is
a. not subjected to experimental error.
b. exposed to experimental treatments.
c. maintained under strict laboratory conditions.
d. treated exactly the same as the experimental group, except for one variable.
e. statistically the most important part of the experiment.
perforin
Match each term with the most appropriate statement.
a. cells that do not divide, die in less than a week, and secrete antibodies
b. cells that directly destroy body cells already infected by viral or fungal parasites, as
well as mutant and cancerous cells
c. lymphocytes that are held in reserve, circulate in the bloodstream, and enable a rapid
response to subsequent encounters with the same invader
d. able to lyse cells by forming pore complexes
e. cells that are produced in the bone marrow, are never changed by the thymus, and
manufacture antibodies
f. able to destroy cells but not dependent on recognition of antigen-MHC complexes
g. a class of proteins that help cells of the immune system communicate
h. "big eaters" that alert other lymphocytes to the invasion of specific antigens
i. immature cells that may or may not be committed to develop into one of several
mature cell types
j. a group of cells that are all produced asexually from one original parent cell
k. surface patterns of nonself molecules or particles
l. proteins released by cytotoxic T cells to destroy target cell membranes
m. preparation injected into the body to elicit a primary immune response
n. one of this group has been identified as the causative agent of AIDS
embryonic induction
Choose the one best answer for each numbered item.
a. visible marker of the site where an amphibian's body axis will be established and
where gastrulation will begin
b. the formation of two or three embryonic tissue layers
c. the fusion of male and female nuclei
d. the entire body divides transversely; each half grows and regenerates the missing part
e. selective gene expression results in different cell types
f. subdividing of the zygote by mitosis; no growth occurs
g. region of zygote that has less yolk and is pigmented
h. an embryonic stage of development that has three primary tissue layers before
organogenesis begins
i. the formation of organs
j. one body part develops in response to signals from an adjacent part
k. the growth, shaping, and spatial coordination of tissues and organs so that a
predefined pattern of the whole organism results
l. occurs in the formation of the human hand
If 2 spot (S) is dominant to 4 spot (s), give the genotypes for the parents in the
following crosses:
(a) 2 spot x 2 spot yields 2 spot and 4 spot
(b) 2 spot x 4 spot yields only 2 spot
(c) 2 spot x 4 spot yields 2 spot and 4 spot
(d) 2 spot x 2 spot yields only 2 spot
(e) 4 spot x 4 spot yields only 4 spot
McClintock
Choose the best matching element.
a. deciphered the mRNA code words
b. RNA-directed synthesis of polypeptide chains
c. sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription
d. binds to small subunit platform of a ribosome
e. guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases
f. polypeptide chain elongation proceeds independently at each body in this cluster
g. discovered transposons
h. a tRNA triplet opposite a codon
i. a set of three nucleotides
age structure
Choose the most appropriate response for each.
a. describes a population that is experiencing unrestrained growth
b. the birth rate minus the death rate plus any inward migration and minus any outward
migration
c. the distribution of individuals at each age level in a population
d. for example, the amount of glucose in a culture flask containing bacteria
Answer the following questions in reference to the four "habitat" items listed below.
a. habitat fragmentation
b. habitat island
c. habitat loss
d. habitat
This describes where a species lives.
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The letter "A" in the above figure represents
a. transverse.
b. radial.
c. tangential.
d. elliptical.
e. obtuse.
A breeder of cattle has a herd of white cows and a roan bull. Hair color in this breed is
controlled by an incompletely dominant gene. The two homozygous forms are either
red or white, and the heterozygous is roan.
trachea
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b. surrounds each lung
c. oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d. contains two true vocal cords
e. alter chest cavity volume
f. part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g. throat passage behind the mouth
h. inhalation and exhalation
i. connect trachea to lungs
j. flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the
larynx during swallowing
k. contraction increases thoracic volume
l. microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
Perhaps the greatest asset possessed by early hominins was
a. their use of many different kinds of foods.
b. the ability to walk without using the forelimbs.
c. a heavy, muscular build.
d. the ability to reason and learn.
e. less hair on the body.
Type II survivorship curves
a. are characteristic of humans and elephants.
b. indicate a fairly constant rate of death at all ages.
c. indicate a high mortality rate in the very young.
d. are characteristic of species in which most individuals live a relatively long life and
die of old age.
e. are typical of species with high biotic potentials.
Which of the following is not true of ethylene?
a. It is a gas.
b. It induces abscission
c. It is involved in cell reproduction.
d. It is a hormone.
e. It is involved in stress responses.
Each cell is able to maintain a constant internal environment. This condition is called
a. metabolism.
b. homeostasis.
c. physiology.
d. adaptation.
e. evolution.
The simple plant tissues are __________, __________, and __________.
plasma membrane
In flatworms, the action of ciliated __________ draws interstitial fluid into a system of
tubes that delivers it to the body surface.
In DNA cloning, __________ cut DNA into pieces.
Chemical signals such as __________ have roles in social communication.
What are the three major factors that impact the type of biome that will exist in a given
area?
The __________ gland produces hormones and is the site where __________ (a kind of
white blood cell) mature.
Labeling.
testis
Which major group of eukaryotes are protists not closely related to?
__________ covers and protects the outer surfaces of primary plant parts.
Kidney __________ are small, tubular structures that interact with nearby capillaries to
form urine.
Why is the destruction of helper T cells caused by HIV infection so crippling to
adaptive immunity?
The __________, a forebrain region, is structurally and functionally linked with the
pituitary gland as a major center for __________ control.
Explain how insects are both essential for and detrimental to agriculture
The __________ secretes aldosterone, which targets the kidney, and __________, the
stress hormone.
Imagine a neuron lost the ability to close its sodium channels. Could this neuron still
propagate action potentials?
The contractile ring that works with animal cells could not work with plant cells
because __________.
