Choose the one most appropriate response for each.
a. contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b. are primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c. package cellular secretions for export
d. extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon
dioxide
e. synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f. transcribe, translate hereditary instructions into specific proteins
g. store substances
h. encode hereditary information
i. help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j. convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or
starch
Nucleoli
Which of the following statements about bird song is false?
a. It is an instinctive behavior.
b. The bird nervous system is prewired to recognize the species song.
c. A sparrow that is not tutored early in his life can learn the correct song as an adult.
d. Rendition of the species song is influenced by acoustic input during a sensitive
period.
e. All of these are true.
Respond to the following statements with reference to the organ systems listed below.
a. circulatory
b. lymphatic
c. digestive
d. endocrine
e. respiratory
Dstributes antibodies throughout the body
A simple way of thinking about the action of a steroid hormone on its target cell is
indicated by
a. figure 1.
b. figure 2.
c. A, B, E, and F.
d. E, F, G, and H.
e. none of these.
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant hormones listed
below.
a. auxins
b. gibberellins
c. cytokinins
d. abscisic acid
e. ethylene
Hormones most closely associated with cell division.
Which offspring in the illustration above are homozygous recessive for both traits?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. none of these
Which system involves plasma proteins activated when an organism’s pattern receptors
become bound to anything?
a. cytokine
b. complement
c. suppressor
d. enhancer
e. coagulation
Which stage of translation is shown in the figure above?
a. initiation
b. elongation
c. termination
d. peptide bond formation
e. polysome activity
Monocots
Choose the most appropriate response.
a. have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b. one cotyledon
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e. only one species left
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm
trees
h. two cotyledons
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors
Exocrine glands secrete all of the following EXCEPT
a. mucus.
b. hormones.
c. earwax.
d. milk.
e. digestive enzymes.
Enzymes
a. control the speed of a reaction.
b. change shapes to facilitate certain reactions.
c. may place physical stress on the bonds of the substrate.
d. always work on their own.
e. do all of these.
The Pacinian corpuscle is used in detecting
a. sound.
b. pressure.
c. chemicals.
d. sight.
e. chemical differences.
Filtrate that is removed from the blood is collected by the
a. loop of Henle.
b. glomerulus.
c. distal tubule.
d. proximal tubule.
e. Bowman’s capsule.
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five components of the
gastrointestinal tract listed below.
a. stomach
b. gallbladder
c. small intestine
d. appendix
e. large intestine
This organ absorbs about 95 percent of the water that enters the human body, either as
fluids or as part of food being eaten.
The study of comparative embryology reveals the conservative nature of the genes
responsible for
a. food procurement.
b. reproductive behavior.
c. embryonic development.
d. embryonic size.
e. embryonic intelligence.
Salicylic acid
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b. promotes cell elongation in stems
c. has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d. a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e. blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f. low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g. stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h. stimulates fruit ripening
i. reproduces in spring
j. produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers
the second year
k. occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l. flowers in autumn
m. a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n. lives for only one growing season
o. promotes stem elongation in plants
p. pigment involved in flowering process
The replacement model is supported by evidence from
a. the fossil record.
b. DNA sequencing data from mitochondria.
c. DNA sequencing data from chromosomes.
d. global climate change patterns.
e. all of these.
estuaries
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. northern coniferous forest
b. increases oceanic productivity
c. mosaics of tall, coarse grasses, shrubs, and low trees; even, humid forests; high
rainfall
d. stratified on rocky coasts
e. includes sediments and rocks on the ocean bottom
f. stratified communities with vines, orchids, and monkeys, and nutrient-poor soil
g. chemoautotrophs are the primary producers
h. dwarf willows, mosses, lichens, caribou, and permafrost
i. nurseries of the oceans
j. a large region characterized by its large array of dominant primary producers
In the garden pea, Mendel found that tall (D) green pods (G) and inflated pods (C) were
dominant to their alleles, dwarf (d) yellow pods (g) and constricted pods (c). Given the
following genotypes, determine the chances of producing the offspring shown.
(a) DD Gg Cc x Dd Gg cc -> DD gg Cc
(b) DD Gg Cc x Dd Gg Cc -> tall green pod, constricted pod
(c) Dd Gg Cc x Dd GG cc -> tall green pod, inflated pod
(d) Dd Gg Cc x Dd Gg Cc -> D__ G__ cc
(e) Dd Gg Cc x Dd gg CC -> D__ G__ C__
(f) Dd gg cc x DD Gg cc -> tall green pod, inflated pod
(g) Dd Gg Cc x Dd Gg Cc -> Dd Gg Cc
(h) Dd Gg Cc x Dd Gg Cc -> dd gg cc
BRCA1
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a condensed X chromosome
b. protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c. attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d. portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e. gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f. genes controlling the development of the body plan
g. the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h. binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
Homologous chromosomes do not have the same:
a. length.
b. shape.
c. genes.
d. number.
e. They have all of these.
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five animal phyla listed below.
a. Porifera
b. Cnidaria
c. Platyhelminthes
d. Nematoda
e. Annelida
Members of this phylum have a pseudocoelomic cavity.
To answer the following questions refer to the four items listed below.
a. cDNA
b. restriction enzyme
c. reverse transcriptase
d. gene library
These are collections of host cells that house cloned DNA.
Respond to the following statements with reference to the five biomes listed below.
a. tundra
b. chaparral
c. desert
d. taiga
e. deciduous forest
In this biome you would expect to find soggy masses of undecayed vegetation.
Anaphase
a. involves the lining up of the chromosomes across the equatorial plate.
b. is the same in mitosis and meiosis I and II.
c. is initiated when the chromosomes begin to move apart.
d. results in an unequal distribution of chromosomes to the resulting cells.
e. does all of these.
People with a large amount of which tissue are least likely to be sensitive to cold?
a. cartilage
b. adipose
c. blood
d. dense connective
e. bone
Male orgasm is necessary for
a. ejaculation of semen.
b. pregnancy.
c. erection.
d. sexual arousal.
e. all of these.
The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements
below with reference to these organelles.
a. ribosome
b. mitochondrion
c. lysosome
d. Golgi body
e. endoplasmic reticulum
This organelle is the site of polypeptide assembly.
ejaculation
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. the production and secretion of milk
b. sloughing off of endometrium stops permanently
c. induced dislodging and removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus
d. an abortion that occurs spontaneously
e. the burrowing of the blastocyst into the uterine lining
f. the release of an egg from the ovary
g. the release of seminal fluid from the male reproductive tract
h. a 100-percent-effective method of preventing conception
i. a highly unreliable form of birth control
j. the periodic elimination of the uterine lining
k. characterized by involuntary muscle contractions, release of tension, and warmth
l. sexual intercourse
m. sperm and egg cannot meet because a section of oviduct is missing
n. cutting and tying of vasa deferentia
Gravity-sensing mechanisms of many organisms are based on
a. spicules.
b. statoliths.
c. uric acid crystals.
d. sclereids.
e. nematocysts.
The __________ is a circular molecule of DNA that resides in a region of cytoplasm
called the __________.
Explain pheromones and theorize why they are not significantly employed by humans?
Features that contributed to success on land include a __________ that protects spores.
Short index fingers (shorter than the ring finger) are dominant in males and recessive in
females, whereas long index fingers (as long as or longer than ring fingers) are
dominant in females and recessive in males. Give the F2 genotype and phenotype
resulting from the cross of a male with long index fingers with a female with short
index fingers.
A population of deer is sampled. 25 deer are caught and tagged. Two months later, the
researchers return and find that 4 of the 16 deer they observe have tags. This would
suggest a total population size of what number? Explain your answer.
Features that contributed to success on land include __________ and __________ (two
types of vascular tissues).
How could personal DNA testing be beneficial to medicine?
What would happen if a peptide hormone receptor was expressed in the nucleus like a
steroid hormone receptor?
In multicelled species, spores germinate and give rise to filaments called __________.
Cleavage produces a __________ stage cell.
The cochlea is a coiled structure with fluid-filled ducts that holds the mechanoreceptors
responsible for hearing in its __________.
A genetic disorder has been studied through multiple generations using pedigree
analysis. Every person expressing the trait has an affected parent, and both sexes are
equally affected. This suggests what sort of trait and why?
Why would athletes in aerobic sports benefit by training at high altitude?
Nitrogen __________ by bacteria in root __________ gives a plant extra nitrogen.
Invertebrates on land use __________ or __________ systems for gas exchange.
You have discovered a fungus that has septate hyphae and is partnered with a
photosynthetic cell. What type of fungus is it?
Reproductive isolating mechanisms typically evolve after gene flow __________.
A flap of tissue called the __________ directs air through the __________, the opening
to the __________ (windpipe).
__________ is normally far less than __________.
Labeling.
pituitary gland