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The woman in the above photograph has been afflicted by
a. low iodine in the diet.
b. hypothyroidism.
c. vitamin D deficiency.
d. testosterone excess.
e. progesterone deficiency.
A molecule is
a. a combination of two or more atoms.
b. a mixture of atoms.
c. electrically charged.
d. a carrier of one or more extra neutrons.
e. none of these.
Sperm are formed from the direct maturation of
a. sperm mother cells.
b. spermatids.
c. spermatogonial cells.
d. primary spermatocytes.
e. secondary spermatocytes.
In ____, a pair of nonidentical alleles affecting two phenotypes for a given trait are both
expressed at the same time in heterozygotes.
a. pleiotropy
b. polygenic inheritance
c. complete dominance
d. codominance
e. a multiple allele system
diaphragm
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. flexible windpipe reinforced with cartilage
b. surrounds each lung
c. oxygen-rich form of a respiratory protein
d. contains two true vocal cords
e. alter chest cavity volume
f. part of the brainstem; controls breathing
g. throat passage behind the mouth
h. inhalation and exhalation
i. connect trachea to lungs
j. flaplike structure that points upward allowing air to enter trachea, but blocks the
larynx during swallowing
k. contraction increases thoracic volume
l. microscopically small pockets lined with moist epithelium
"Tardigrada" means
a. tough exoskeleton.
b. many proglottids.
c. slow walker.
d. short digestive system.
e. coelom.
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five animal phyla listed below.
a. Porifera
b. Cnidaria
c. Platyhelminthes
d. Nematoda
e. Annelida
Members of this phylum have a brain with a ventral nerve cord, a complete gut, and a
circulatory system that is usually closed.
Circadian
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. Some letters may not be used.
a. flower each successive year or after several years of vegetative growth
b. promotes cell elongation in stems
c. has receptor sites for a particular hormonal message
d. a hollow, cylindrical organ that protects young leaves growing within it
e. blue-green pigment that absorbs light energy
f. low-temperature stimulation of flowering
g. stimulates stomata closure and might be involved in root geotropism
h. stimulates fruit ripening
i. reproduces in spring
j. produces only roots, stems, and leaves the first growing season and produces flowers
the second year
k. occurring on a 24-hour cycle
l. flowers in autumn
m. a nonhormonal plant growth regulator
n. lives for only one growing season
o. promotes stem elongation in plants
p. pigment involved in flowering process
Use the figure above showing spermatogenesis to answer the following questions.
Mature sperm is(are) indicated by
a. B.
b. C.
c. D.
d. E.
e. none of these.
Which of the following is the strongest evidence for the idea that present-day
eukaryotic aerobes are the descendants of the successful symbiotic association of
anaerobes and aerobes?
a. Mitochondria can produce ATP.
b. A mitochondrion can survive indefinitely when removed from a eukaryotic cell.
c. A mitochondrion has its own set of DNA molecules.
d. Fossilized mitochondria are older than the oldest fossilized eukaryotes.
e. All eukaryotic cells have mitochondria.
Answer the following questions in reference to the four groups of fungi listed below.
a. Zygomycetes
b. Ascomycetes
c. Basidiomycetes
d. Glomeromycetes
The common mushroom bought in the average supermarket is a member of this group.
In tomatoes, red (R) is dominant to yellow (r), tall (D) is dominant to dwarf (d), and
smooth (H) is dominant to peach or hairy (h).
(a) How many different genotypes are there in relationship to these three
characteristics?
(b) How many different phenotypes are there in relationship to these three
characteristics?
(c) How many different homozygous pure-breeding forms can be produced?
Which of the following statements is false regarding alcohol consumption during
pregnancy?
a. The developing embryo or fetus quickly absorbs alcohol across the placenta.
b. Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome include reduced brain size and facial
deformities.
c. Cases of FAS are seriously underdiagnosed and misdiagnosed.
d. The effects of FAS are temporary.
e. Even occasional drinking may have negative effects.
Which of the following should NOT be used in the development of science?
a. evaluation of data
b. personal conviction
c. prediction
d. systematic observation
e. sharing ideas
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The large organism shown here belongs to the ____ group?
a. kinetoplastids
b. diplomonads
c. green algae
d. red algae
e. brown algae
Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of energy listed
below.
a. chemical
b. mechanical
c. thermal
d. light
Ears detect this kind of energy.
Eyes are
a. chemoreceptors.
b. mechanoreceptors.
c. photoreceptors.
d. nociceptors.
e. none of these.
An -OH group is a(n) ____ group.
a. carboxyl
b. hydroxyl
c. amino
d. methyl
e. carbonyl
Which of the following statements is false?
a. Checkpoint gene products that inhibit mitosis are called proto-oncogenes.
b. Metastasis is the invasion of cancer cells into normal tissue.
c. Malignant tumors differ from benign tumors in that their cells migrate.
d. Cancer cells have lost the ability to stop dividing.
e. The parent cell that started a cancer may have undergone a checkpoint gene mutation.
Organisms that are used to decontaminate soils may
a. store the contaminants in their tissues.
b. release pollutants into the air.
c. degrade the pollutants.
d. be any plant species.
e. store the contaminants in their tissues, release pollutants into the air, and degrade the
pollutants.
Which is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of the element?
a. atom
b. compound
c. ion
d. molecule
e. mixture
How many ATP molecules (total) are produced per molecule of glucose degraded
during glycolysis?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 36
e. 38
Use the figure above for the following questions.
The stalk that supports the individual eudicot leaf is the
a. vascular bundle.
b. petiole.
c. node.
d. bundle sheath.
e. stomata.
A __________ is a noncellular infectious particle with a protein coat enclosing DNA or
RNA.
Which of the following does NOT influence the pH of extracellular fluids?
a. respiration
b. a high protein diet
c. bicarbonate ions
d. filtration by glomerulus
e. phosphate and ammonia ions
Phylogeny research may include:
a. genetic analysis.
b. anatomical analysis.
c. behavioral analysis.
d. physiological analysis.
e. all of these.
The figure shown above is of what kind of tissue?
a. blood
b. adipose
c. bone
d. cartilage
e. dense connective
The most accurate description of an organism with genotype AaBbis
a. homozygous dominant.
b. heterozygous.
c. heterozygous dominant.
d. homozygous recessive.
e. heterozygous recessive.
The letter "A" in the above figure represents the
a. style.
b. ovary.
c. stigma.
d. anther.
e. filament.
Which of the following are in order from primary producer to 4thtrophic level?
a. grass: coyote: bird: grasshopper
b. coyote: bird: grasshopper: grass
c. bird: grasshopper: grass: coyote
d. grass: grasshopper: bird: coyote
e. none of these
Pleiotropic genes
a. act on secondary sexual characteristics.
b. influence more than one aspect of phenotype.
c. are additive.
d. produce lethal effects when homozygous.
e. are none of these.
Which of the following is a junction between two neurons?
a. Schwann cell
b. chemical synapse
c. unsheathed node
d. sodium gate
e. all of these
Which of the following processes is able to move heat away from the body and is used
by humans?
a. convection
b. evaporation
c. conduction
d. radiation
e. collection
