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The most likely reason that glucose dissolves in water is that it is
a. an ionic compound.
b. a polysaccharide.
c. polar and forms many hydrogen bonds with the water molecules.
d. a very unstable molecule.
e. highly nonpolar.
Settlers to the United States found between ____ and ____ passenger pigeons. They are
extinct today.
a. 15,000-25,000
b. 3-5 billion
c. 50-100 million
d. none; they are native to Europe
e. none of these
Duplicated chromosomes linked together at their centromeres at the beginning of
meiosis are appropriately called what kind of chromatids?
a. mother
b. daughter
c. sister
d. homologous
e. haploid
Histamine
a. causes blood vessels to contract.
b. causes capillaries to lose their permeability.
c. causes an outward flow of fluids from the capillaries.
d. reduces tissue swelling.
e. enhances the function of cytokines.
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five endocrine glands listed
below.
a. adrenal cortex
b. ovary
c. pineal
d. parathyroid
e. thymus
Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by this gland.
A water-vascular system is characteristic of the phylum
a. Arthropoda.
b. Annelida.
c. Chordata.
d. Mollusca.
e. Echinodermata.
Exotic species that are introduced into a non-native habitat can
a. interbreed with native species.
b. drive endemic species to extinction.
c. die out due to competition from native species.
d. blend in with endemic species.
e. create habitat islands for themselves.
macrophages
Match each term with the most appropriate statement.
a. cells that do not divide, die in less than a week, and secrete antibodies
b. cells that directly destroy body cells already infected by viral or fungal parasites, as
well as mutant and cancerous cells
c. lymphocytes that are held in reserve, circulate in the bloodstream, and enable a rapid
response to subsequent encounters with the same invader
d. able to lyse cells by forming pore complexes
e. cells that are produced in the bone marrow, are never changed by the thymus, and
manufacture antibodies
f. able to destroy cells but not dependent on recognition of antigen-MHC complexes
g. a class of proteins that help cells of the immune system communicate
h. "big eaters" that alert other lymphocytes to the invasion of specific antigens
i. immature cells that may or may not be committed to develop into one of several
mature cell types
j. a group of cells that are all produced asexually from one original parent cell
k. surface patterns of nonself molecules or particles
l. proteins released by cytotoxic T cells to destroy target cell membranes
m. preparation injected into the body to elicit a primary immune response
n. one of this group has been identified as the causative agent of AIDS
What is lost when acetyl-CoA enters into the Krebs cycle?
a. pyruvate.
b. coenzyme A.
c. fructose bisphosphate.
d. oxaloacetate.
e. citrate.
Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond.
a. Observation
b. Question
c. Hypothesis
d. Prediction
e. Observational experiment
f. Laboratory experiment
g. Assessment
h. Report
If smoking causes cancer, then individuals who smoke will get cancer more often than
those who do not.
The seed is produced by the maturation of the
a. embryo.
b. ovule.
c. ovary.
d. zygote.
e. pollen.
Mushrooms are found in which of the following?
a. Ascomycetes
b. Basidiomycetes
c. Glomeromycetes
d. Chytrids
e. Zygomycetes
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The synthesis site for the hormones of this figure is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. E.
Select the best choice for the following statements in reference to the five classes listed
below.
a. Cartilaginous fishes
b. Bony fishes
c. Amphibians
d. Reptilians
Members of this class are fully terrestrial except for reproduction.
The primate-like mammals first arose about how many million years ago?
a. 95
b. 85
c. 55
d. 25
e. 15
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. rate of forward reaction about equals rate of reverse reaction
b. coenzyme that diffuses freely through the cytoplasm
c. attachment of a phosphate group by a high-energy bond
d. an excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the
pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway
e. part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
f. by binding a regulatory molecule, it changes the activity of a metabolic pathway
g. affects rates of chemical reactions
h. universal energy currency
i. assists in the detoxification of ethanol
j. a measure of the degree of energy change after a concentrated form of energy has
been dispersed
entropy
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five stages of sperm
development listed below.
a. spermatogonium
b. secondary spermatocyte
c. primary spermatocyte
d. spermatid
e. sperm
This represents the product of the first meiotic division.
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five components of mammalian
blood listed below.
a. red blood cells
b. basophils
c. platelets
d. albumin
Oxygen is transported throughout the body by this blood component.
What kind of fruit is formed from the fusion of individually pollinated flowers?
a. aggregate
b. simple
c. multiple
d. fleshy
e. dry
Homeostasis provides what kind of internal environment?
a. positive
b. relatively constant
c. limiting
d. changing
e. chemical and physical
Reef systems
a. are seriously threatened ecosystems.
b. are formed from calcium carbonate secreted by coral polyps.
c. have symbiotic dinoflagellates in the living coral.
d. have shown widespread bleaching; death of corals is being reported worldwide.
e. include all of these.
Aerobic respiration became established as a result of the evolution of
a. the first proto-cells.
b. the first true cells.
c. metabolism.
d. the cyclic pathway of photosynthesis.
e. the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis.
Polysome
Choose the best matching element.
a. deciphered the mRNA code words
b. RNA-directed synthesis of polypeptide chains
c. sites at which RNA polymerases can bind and initiate transcription
d. binds to small subunit platform of a ribosome
e. guided and catalyzed by RNA polymerases
f. polypeptide chain elongation proceeds independently at each body in this cluster
g. discovered transposons
h. a tRNA triplet opposite a codon
i. a set of three nucleotides
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. rate of forward reaction about equals rate of reverse reaction
b. coenzyme that diffuses freely through the cytoplasm
c. attachment of a phosphate group by a high-energy bond
d. an excess of end-product molecules alters the shape of the first enzyme in the
pathway and shuts off that metabolic pathway
e. part of an enzyme that binds to the substrate
f. by binding a regulatory molecule, it changes the activity of a metabolic pathway
g. affects rates of chemical reactions
h. universal energy currency
i. assists in the detoxification of ethanol
j. a measure of the degree of energy change after a concentrated form of energy has
been dispersed
equilibrium
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five stages of sperm
development listed below.
a. spermatogonium
b. secondary spermatocyte
c. primary spermatocyte
d. spermatid
e. sperm
This is the first stage of development where the male sex cell is haploid.
Cuvier
Select the most appropriate choice for each person.
a. wrote Principles of Geology
b. developed the theory of catastrophism
c. believed that giraffes have long necks because their short-necked ancestors stretched
their necks and passed this change on to their offspring
d. was a naturalist who sailed on the Beagle and studied finches
e. wrote an essay relating population size to competition for limited resources
f. natural historian and author; early ideas of Chain of Being
legumes
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. rate at which energy becomes stored in organic compounds through photosynthesis
b. total amount of solar energy stored in organic compounds during photosynthesis
c. a straight-line sequence of steps by which chemical bond energy moves to higher
trophic levels
d. the potential chemical energy remaining (after aerobic respiration by autotrophs) that
can be passed on to other trophic levels
e. DDT in the environment
f. a kind of plant that increases soil nitrogen content
g. particles of organic waste products, dead, or partly decomposed tissues
Bacteria in the intestinal tract prevent pathogens from causing disease by
a. crowding them out.
b. eating other bacteria.
c. producing protein traps to kill them.
d. submerging them in acid in the stomach.
e. doing all of these.
Match the cause with the disorder.
a. autosomal recessive inheritance; lactose metabolism is blocked
b. nondisjunction of the twenty-first chromosomal pair
c. X-linked recessive inheritance
d. nondisjunction of the sex chromosomes
red-green color blindness
Nodules
Choose the most appropriate answer response for each question.
a. responsible for opening and closing of stomata
b. mouthpart of an aphid
c. pipelines of the xylem
d. a mutually beneficial association between a fungus and a young root
e. structures on roots that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
f. pipelines of the phloem
g. evaporation from stems and leaves
h. actively transport sucrose into sieve tubes
i. eudicot plants that tend to establish symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing
bacteria
j. transport of organic molecules from source region to sink
k. a waxy band that forces water to diffuse through cells
The antidiuretic hormone
a. promotes processes that lead to an increase in the volume of urine.
b. promotes processes that lead to a decrease in the volume of urine.
c. acts on the proximal tubules of nephrons in the kidney.
d. is produced by the adrenal cortex.
e. fits all of these descriptions.
An organelle that pinches off portions of its membrane to form a transport vesicle is the
a. mitochondrion.
b. chloroplast.
c. nucleolus.
d. Golgi body.
e. peroxisome.
secretin
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. a process that mixes the contents of the lumen and forces it against the absorptive
surface of the gut
b. stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c. thin, outermost layer of stomach
d. a softened ball of food particles
e. emulsify fat globules
f. have multiple stomach chambers, some of which store populations of microorganisms
g. innermost layer of the gut; contains diverse secretory cells
h. gastric inhibitory peptide
i. stimulates gallbladder and stomach emptying as well as pancreatic enzyme secretions
j. a mixture of food particles in the stomach
Use the figure above to answer the following questions.
The letter "A" from the above figure represents
a. ectoderm.
b. endoderm.
c. mesoderm.
d. neural plate.
e. yolk.
