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The following nutrient most associated with eutrophication is:
a. iron.
b. hydrogen.
c. oxygen.
d. carbon.
e. phosphate.
vascular cambium
Match all applicable letters with the appropriate term(s). Letters may be used more than
once, and a term may have more than one letter.
a. tissue that is part of the ground system
b. tissue that is part of the vascular system
c. tissue that is part of the dermal system
d. develops into the vascular cambium
e. leaf's photosynthetic tissues (palisade and spongy) are in this category
f. transports photosynthetic products away from leaves and stem
g. meristematic tissue
h. develops into secondary xylem and phloem
i. transports water and dissolved nutrients up to the stem and leaves
j. replaces the epidermis in plants that undergo secondary growth
k. a single layer of cells that helps control the movement of water and dissolved salts
into the xylem pipeline
l. influence the movement of carbon dioxide into the leaf and movement of water out of
the leaf
m. generally, dead cells that provide support and strength to all three tissue systems
n. ground tissue centrally located within a ring of vascular bundles
Myelin sheath
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered
items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
The Army and the Environmental Protection Agency are decreasing the contamination
at the Army's Aberdeen Proving Grounds by
a. removing contaminated soil.
b. planting hybrid poplar trees.
c. chemically degrading the contaminants.
d. covering the contaminated soil with a sealant.
e. doing none of these.
Which of the following is mismatched?
a. cytokinin; inhibits lateral root formation
b. auxin; promotes cell elongation
c. gibberellin; involved in phototropism and gravitropism
d. abscisic acid; promotes stomatal closure
e. ethylene; promotes leaf abscission
pepsin
Choose the one most appropriate statement for each.
a. made in the small intestine and pancreas; act on peptide fragments
b. glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples
c. made in the pancreas; acts on fats
d. made by the pancreas and salivary glands; acts on starch
e. made by the small intestine; acts on double sugars
f. made by the pancreas; acts on proteins and polypeptides
g. contains cholesterol; helps emulsify fats
h. made in the stomach; acts on proteins
i. stimulates hydrochloric acid secretion
j. circular muscle acts like valve
memory cells
Match each term with the most appropriate statement.
a. cells that do not divide, die in less than a week, and secrete antibodies
b. cells that directly destroy body cells already infected by viral or fungal parasites, as
well as mutant and cancerous cells
c. lymphocytes that are held in reserve, circulate in the bloodstream, and enable a rapid
response to subsequent encounters with the same invader
d. able to lyse cells by forming pore complexes
e. cells that are produced in the bone marrow, are never changed by the thymus, and
manufacture antibodies
f. able to destroy cells but not dependent on recognition of antigen-MHC complexes
g. a class of proteins that help cells of the immune system communicate
h. "big eaters" that alert other lymphocytes to the invasion of specific antigens
i. immature cells that may or may not be committed to develop into one of several
mature cell types
j. a group of cells that are all produced asexually from one original parent cell
k. surface patterns of nonself molecules or particles
l. proteins released by cytotoxic T cells to destroy target cell membranes
m. preparation injected into the body to elicit a primary immune response
n. one of this group has been identified as the causative agent of AIDS
The actions of insulin and glucagon are
a. synergistic.
b. antagonistic.
c. cooperative.
d. permissive.
e. mutualistic.
Which of the following accounts for the negative control of operons?
a. promoters
b. repressors
c. structural genes
d. operators
e. all of these
pheromone
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. dissipates excess vibrational energy to the middle ear
b. contains the organ of Corti
c. separates the outer and middle ears
d. membrane-covered gateway to inner ear
e. consists of tissue containing rods and cones
f. bone in middle ear
g. peak height and valley depth of sound waves are its basis
h. maintain balance and position; detect acceleration
i. depends on the number of wave cycles per second
j. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same species
k. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming light
Repressor protein
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. a condensed X chromosome
b. protein that combines with DNA all along its length
c. attaches or detaches from operator to regulate transcription
d. portion of the operon that binds RNA polymerase
e. gene capable of inducing cancerous transformations
f. genes controlling the development of the body plan
g. the mutated form is associated with breast cancer
h. binding sites on DNA where certain regulatory proteins increase transcription rates
Use the five processes listed below for the following questions.
a. glycolysis
b. aerobic respiration
c. anaerobic electron transfer
d. alcoholic fermentation
e. lactate fermentation
This process involves electron transfer phosphorylation.
An X-linked carrier is a
a. homozygous dominant female.
b. heterozygous female.
c. homozygous recessive female.
d. homozygous male.
e. heterozygous male.
Experiments with bacteria and __________ offered solid evidence that
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), not protein, is hereditary material.
All steroids have
a. the same number of double bonds.
b. one or more fatty acids.
c. four rings of carbon to which other atoms are attached.
d. the same functional groups.
e. the same number and positions of double bonds.
Choose the one most appropriate item from its description.
a. a six-carbon sugar
b. found in DNA and RNA
c. principal components of cell membranes
d. affect metabolic reaction rates
Nucleotide
The time it takes for half of a radioisotope's atoms to decay
a. cannot be calculated.
b. is used to construct the geologic time scale.
c. is its half-life.
d. is the same for uranium 238 and carbon 14.
e. is all of these.
adrenal cortex
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. secretes one hormone that increases the metabolic rate and another that inhibits
calcium release from bone storage sites
b. secrete insulin and glucagon
c. secretes hormones that prepare accessory reproductive structures for reproduction
d. involved in lymphocyte maturation
e. secretes tropic hormones, growth hormone, and prolactin
f. secretes mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
g. in many vertebrates, helps to determine the amount and distribution of dark pigments
in the skin
h. secrete enzymes that help to form angiotensin
i. participates in reproductive physiology and responds to photoperiod change
j. releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into bloodstream
k. secretes a hormone that promotes calcium release from bone storage sites
l. produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
m. secretes cholecystokinin, secretin, and gastrin
n. secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
o. secrete pheromones, milk, tears, sweat, and mucus
The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each
of the following statements.
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
e. telophase
Daughter nuclear membranes form.
Which of these statements is false about Ecstasy's active ingredient?
a. It is similar to methamphetamine.
b. It prevents reuptake of serotonin.
c. It disrupts homeostatic pathways that control temperature and blood pressure.
d. It is a hallucinogen.
e. It causes target cells to be overstimulated.
Which of the following plants are widely planted in cities because of their resistance to
insect predators, air pollution, and disease?
a. horsetails
b. ginkgos
c. pines
d. spruces
e. junipers
Most of the plant body is composed of
a. dermal tissue.
b. root tissue.
c. ground tissue.
d. vascular tissue.
e. cork tissue.
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five plant tissues listed below.
a. protoderm
b. ground meristem
c. procambium
d. vascular cambium
e. cork cambium
This tissue gives rise to the protective covering that forms the bark of a tree.
Competitive exclusion is based on the idea that
a. one species will hold some sort of advantage over the other one.
b. no two species can completely occupy the same niche.
c. the more two species overlap in their capacity to obtain and use resources the less
likely they are to coexist.
d. all of these are true.
e. none of these are true.
Which of the following is false regarding the properties of sound?
a. The amplitude of a sound corresponds to loudness.
b. The frequency of a sound is the number of wave cycles per second.
c. Every ten-decibel increase in loudness represents a tenfold increase in intensity.
d. A soft sound has a greater amplitude than a loud sound.
e. A high note and a low note with the same amplitude are equally loud.
Mutation of the A group gene in Arabidopsis thaliana affects development in its
flower's
a. first whorl only.
b. second whorl only.
c. third whorl only.
d. first and second whorls.
e. second and third whorls.
Which of the following is NOT an example of the results of mitosis?
a. a pair of identical twins
b. a group of rooted plant cuttings from a single plant
c. the cells produced by the asexual reproduction of a single-celled organism
d. production of a gamete
e. healing of a wound
Which of the following is false about plant hormones?
a. They bind to receptors on target cells.
b. Their mechanism of action is completely different from that of animal hormones.
c. Signal transduction may influence a metabolic pathway.
d. The plant response may depend on a change in gene expression.
e. Their effect can be synergistic or antagonistic.
nephron
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. do not maintain the same body temperature at all times; are capable of internal heat
production
b. heat energy is released to the air when liquid water converts to gaseous form
c. bulk flow of protein-free plasma from capillaries into Bowman's capsule
d. animals with more or less constant body temperature
e. emission of heat from body surface when environmental temperature is lower than
the body temperature
f. movement of ions from peritubular capillaries into nephron tubules
g. loss of too much body heat
h. heat next to the body's surface undergoes mass transport by air or water currents
i. active and passive transport of solutes from peritubular capillaries into the glomerular
capillaries
j. a long, slender, tubular unit in the vertebrate kidney that forms urine
k. body temperatures rise and fall with environmental changes
l. secreted by adrenal glands; influences sodium reabsorption
m. passive transport of water; active and passive transport of solutes out of the nephron
into peritubular capillaries
n. heat energy is transferred from high to low temperature regions due to collisions
between adjacent molecules
o. released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary in response to hypothalamic signals
p. toxic substances are extracted from blood circulating in cellophane tubes suspended
in a warm-water bath
q. erection of hairs and feathers by smooth muscles in the skin
Leydig cells
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. acts to trigger ovulation in females
b. structures that secrete mucus and nutrients absorbable by sperm; open into the
ejaculatory duct
c. forms as an outgrowth of the yolk sac; becomes part of umbilical cord and urinary
bladder
d. a drug that causes severely deformed arms and legs in developing embryos
e. two of these connect seminiferous tubules with vasa deferentia
f. opening between uterus and vagina
g. organ that supplies the embryo/fetus with nutrients and removes wastes
h. connects epididymis with ejaculatory duct
i. hormones that stimulate uterine contractions in the female
j. cap over the head of a sperm; contains lytic enzymes to penetrate egg membranes
k. inner cell mass plus trophoblast; attaches to uterine wall
l. testosterone produced here
m. sensitive to sexual stimulation; develops from same embryonic tissues as does the
penis in males
n. the uterine lining
o. acts on gonad to help mature gametes; released from anterior lobe of pituitary
The first group to exhibit an amniotic egg was the
a. Aves.
b. Amphibia.
c. Reptilia.
d. Osteichthyes.
e. Mammalia.
The entire structure indicated by "C" is a ____ gametophyte.
a. moss
b. liverwort
c. hornwort
d. fern
e. gymnosperm
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
Even though there may be more than one correct letter response to some numbered
items, discriminate and "juggle" so that you have the one BEST response for each.
a. cells that nurture and support neurons
b. a hyperpolarizing event
c. a neuron cannot propagate an action potential at this time
d. Acetylcholine or GABA
e. interneuron in brain or spinal cord
f. establishes basis of resting membrane potential
g. sheathed muscle cells that contain receptors
h. input
i. integrator cell between sensory and motor
j. modified dendrite of a sensory neuron
k. a depolarizing event
l. output
m. muscle or gland
n. produced by a Schwann cell
o. cluster of cell bodies outside the CNS
