Fats are major constituents of
a. proteins.
b. genes.
c. photosynthesis.
d. cell membranes.
e. all of these.
Darwin
Select the most appropriate choice for each person.
a. wrote Principles of Geology
b. developed the theory of catastrophism
c. believed that giraffes have long necks because their short-necked ancestors stretched
their necks and passed this change on to their offspring
d. was a naturalist who sailed on the Beagle and studied finches
e. wrote an essay relating population size to competition for limited resources
f. natural historian and author; early ideas of Chain of Being
The tectorial and basilar membranes are located within
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. E.
e. another unlabeled region of this figure.
The stages of mitosis plus interphase are listed below. Select the correct phase for each
of the following statements.
a. interphase
b. prophase
c. metaphase
d. anaphase
e. telophase
Genes replicate.
Finches have lived in Hawaii for:
a. 1000 years.
b. 100 000 years.
c. 4 million years.
d. 5 million years.
e. 63 million years.
X chromosome inactivation results in the
a. total inactivation of both X chromosomes.
b. inactivation of only the paternal X chromosome.
c. inactivation of only the maternal X chromosome.
d. inactivation of either the paternal X chromosome or the maternal X chromosome.
e. nonrandom inactivation of X chromosomes in the initial cells of tissues.
Club mosses
Choose the most appropriate response.
a. have rhizoids, cuticle, and protected embryo sporophyte
b. one cotyledon
c. non-seed-bearing, heart-shaped gametophytes; spore-bearing leaves with sori
d. Lycopodium; cone-bearing sporophyte; free-living gametophyte
e. only one species left
f. cypress and redwood; heterosporous; mostly evergreen
g. confined to tropics or warm, temperate zones; resemble squat cone-bearing palm
trees
h. two cotyledons
i. Equisetum; homosporous; rhizomes present; aerial stems jointed; scouring rushes
j. have coevolved with pollinating vectors
In cases of the “winter blues” treatment with a bright artificial light can reduce the
effects by
a. increasing thyroid gland activity.
b. decreasing pineal gland activity.
c. increasing gonadal output.
d. pancreas reduction.
e. kidney adrenal gland activation.
The following questions refer to the age structure diagrams above.
A declining population is indicated by
a. A.
b. B.
c. C.
d. D.
e. none of these.
Respond to the following statements in reference to the five animal phyla listed below.
a. Porifera
b. Cnidaria
c. Platyhelminthes
d. Nematoda
e. Annelida
Tapeworms are members of this phylum.
Equilibrium is sensed by
a. chemoreceptors.
b. mechanoreceptors.
c. photoreceptors.
d. thermoreceptors.
e. none of these.
Cervical cancer
a. kills about 3,600 U.S. women each year.
b. can affect young women.
c. death occurs more often in women who have not had a Pap smear.
d. can be caused by genital HPV.
e. includes all of these.
A pollen grain “knows” when to germinate due to which of the following?
a. differentiation upon contact with the flower
b. exposure to moisture
c. cell signaling pathways
d. electromagnetic impulses from the flower
e. none of these
The key innovation that helped sporophyte dominant plants survive in dry environments
is
a. spores.
b. the cuticle.
c. xylem.
d. phloem.
e. lignin.
Recombinant DNA was first made in
a. 1952.
b. 1962.
c. 1972.
d. 1982.
e. 1992.
Which is the correct sequence of polypeptide transport in the secretory pathway?
a. plasma membrane >>> Golgi bodies >>> ER >>> ribosome
b. plasma membrane >>> ER >>> Golgi bodies >>> ribosome
c. ribosome >>> Golgi bodies >>> ER >>> plasma membrane
d. ribosome >>> ER >>> Golgi bodies >>> plasma membrane
e. Golgi bodies >>> ribosomes >>> ER >>> plasma membrane
Answer the following questions in reference to the five eye structures listed below.
a. cornea
b. lens
c. retina
d. ommatidium
e. vitreous body
This structure forms the transparent front of the eye.
In transcription, RNA polymerase binds to a __________ in the DNA near a gene, and
then assembles a strand of RNA.
The primary root of a seedling grows down
a. to avoid light.
b. in response to gravity.
c. because the cells on the upper surface of the root elongate more rapidly than those on
the lower surface of the root.
d. in response to different concentrations of auxin.
e. because of all of these except “to avoid light.”
Frameshift mutations may involve
a. substitution of nucleotides.
b. substitution of codons.
c. substitution of amino acids.
d. addition or deletion of one or more base pairs.
e. none of these.
The enzyme responsible for breaking down alcohol is
a. alcohol methylase.
b. alcohol polyphosphorylase.
c. hydroxyl alcoholgenase.
d. transmethylogenase.
e. alcohol dehydrogenase.
There are how many different kinds of RNA codons?
a. 3
b. 12
c. 28
d. 64
e. 120
The idea that geologic processes have formed the earth’s surface by repeating the same
actions over and over is known as
a. the theory of catastrophism.
b. plate tectonics.
c. continental drift.
d. the theory of uniformity.
e. the theory of relativity.
Which of the following is(are) NOT involved in the reproduction of all viruses?
a. attachment and penetration
b. replication and synthesis
c. assembly
d. latency
e. release
Which statement is true?
a. High concentrations of ATP inhibit the formation of more ATP.
b. The ATP concentration in cells actually decreases at first when cells need large
supplies of energy.
c. The activity of many different enzymes influences the supply of ATP in cells.
d. Cells constantly adjust their metabolic reactions to provide energy whenever it is
needed.
e. All of these are true.
Menstrual flow results in the discharge of
a. the follicle.
b. the corpus luteum.
c. the endometrial lining.
d. surface cells from the vagina.
e. blood from the blood vessels on the outer surface of the uterus.
A gene accumulates one mutation every 100 years. If one species splits into 2 now, how
many differences will exist in that gene between the two in 500 years?
a. 2
b. 5
c. 10
Pauling
Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.
a. discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed
by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria
b. first to discover DNA and isolate it from fish sperm
c. discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation
d. the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a
publication
e. the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA, not
protein, is the genetic material
f. provided two important clues to the structure of DNA; one clue is that A = T and the
other is that C = G
g. discovered the structure of collagen
h. obtained excellent X-ray diffraction photographs that suggested that DNA was a
long, thin molecule with regularly repeating units
The tissue that lines all internal surfaces is
a. epithelium.
b. loose connective.
c. supportive connective.
d. fibrous.
e. adipose.
The following phrases refer to the eukaryotic cell cycle. Select the single BEST choice
for each phrase.
a. G2
b. mitosis
c. S
d. G1
e. cytokinesis
Period prior to mitosis
In summer squash, spherical-shaped fruit has been shown to be dominant to elongated
fruit. On one occasion two different spherical varieties were crossed and produced all
disk-shaped fruits. When these hybrid disk-shaped fruits were crossed, they produced
75 disk-shaped fruits, 48 spherical fruits, and 9 elongated fruits. Explain these results.
__________ is a diagnostic tool that reveals missing or extra chromosomes and some
structural changes in an individual’s chromosomes.
Inflammation begins when mast cells in tissue release __________, which increases
blood flow and also makes capillaries leaky to phagocytes and plasma proteins.
If a father and a son are both color blind and the mother is normal, is it likely that the
son inherited color blindness from his father?
pair of centrioles
Consider the sources of variation in traits among individuals of a species. Which of
those can the member of the species control and which can they not control?
What is the current status of the Human Genome Project?
In __________, an anus forms first.
Describe how the laws of thermodynamics would impact the Earth were the sun’s light
suddenly blocked?
A monogamous couple, in which the female has high blood pressure, wishes to have
sexual intercourse and not get pregnant but does want children in the future. Which
birth control method would be best for them?
__________ are tetrapods that live on land but typically return to water to reproduce.
The liver is commonly damaged if drugs or other toxins are over consumed. Why?
Labeling.
ejaculatory duct
Abscisic acid promotes bud and seed __________, and it limits water loss by promoting
stomatal closure.
Labeling.
uterus
Consider the Calvin-Benson cycle and the noncyclic photosynthetic pathway. Why is
the cyclic pathway so important?
Why is Graves’ disease dangerous?
__________ species, which evolved in one place and are present only in that habitat,
are highly vulnerable to extinction.
__________ are single-celled and mostly or entirely heterotrophic.